高中英语状语从句讲解及练习(含答案).doc

状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语，可分为：时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。
一、 时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, as, while, until, not…until, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。
1． When , while, as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。
1) When
Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest.
注意点：
when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be 动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。
Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.
2) As
As 除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面```一面”，“随着”
Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面```一面)
You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着)
3) While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。
Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest.
While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.
注意点：
while 有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。
eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.
2． until, not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。
肯定句：I waited until midnight.
否定句：I did not leave until midnight.
注意点：
1）not until…在句首，主句用倒装
eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.
2) It is not until…that…引导的强调句
It was not until it was dark that he came back.
3. the minute, the moment, each time都可表示“一```就```”
eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.
注意点：
the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first) time作连词不和when 连用。
4．Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as表示为“一```就```”
eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
It began to rain as soon as I got home.
注意点：Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than位于句首，主句用倒装
eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
二 条件状语从句
条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, even if/though, unless/ if …not, as long as/ so long as, as far as/so far as, provided/providing (that), on condition that 等。条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。
1. unless 和if…not
unless 相当于if…not
eg: You will fail unless you study hard.
You will not fail if you study hard.
注意点：
在虚拟条件句中可用if…not，但不能用unless
eg: If she were not too silly,she would understand.
2． 引导条件状语从句的其它连词：
Eg: You may go there ,as long as you keep quite.
Eg: I shall give you the book on condition that you return it tomorrow.
Eg: I will go provided that you go too.
三 让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：though, although, even if/ though, however, no matter how, no matter what, no matter who等。
1． though, although不可与but连用，但可以和yet , still连用.
Eg: Though/Although it is raining ,they are still running outside.
注意点：
1） though可引导倒装(although不引导倒装)，结构为：
强调对象+as/though+主语+其它成分，强调对象可为表语（名词、形容词）或状语（副词），表语为名词时，前面不用冠词。
Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Tired as he is, he goes on with his work.
2） despite 和 in spite of 也有让步意义，后接名词或动词，而though, although是连词，后接从句。
Eg: Despite /In spite of wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.
Though/although she wanted to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.
2. “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”
eg: No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
注意点：no matter+疑问词不能引导名词性从句
3. even if/ though表示“即使”
eg: He doesn’t want to marry her even if/ though he loves her very much.
四 原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词有：because, since, as now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that,owing to the fact that等
1．because
because语气最强，通常用于回答why 提出的问题
注意点：
在it was…that…的强调结构中，强调原因状语从句可用because引导，不用since,as, for引导。
Eg: It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation
2. since和as
since的语气比because 弱，比as强，表示间接的，已知的原因，自然的结果，表示“既然，由于”。
Eg: As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.
3．for
当for表示原因关系时，for分句是对第一分句内容的推断或猜测。
Eg: It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.
五 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有： so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等。
Eg: You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
注意点：lest, in case, for fear that所引导的状语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为should+动词原形，也可不用虚拟语气，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。
Eg: You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.
六 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有： so that, so…that, such…that等
eg: He is so young that he can not go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can not go to school.
1．常用句型：
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句
such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
such +形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句
2． so和such的搭配规律
such修饰名词或名词词组，so修饰形容词或副词,so还可接many, few, much, little等。
Eg: so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people

七 比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有：as…as, than, not so…as, the more…the more等
如：
He speaks English as fluently as his brother (does)
I can’t jump so /as high as he (does)
There are more workers in this factory than in the one next to it .
The more you read, the more interesting , you will find the novel is .
连接词than 可作为关系代词用。　　如：
He wrote more than was necessary
Don’t carry more money than is needed

八地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有:where, wherever以及 where构成的复合词等
eg: She found her calculator where she lost it.
Wherever I am, I will miss you.
注意点：
eg: I happened to see your dictionary lie where I used it last time.（地点状语从句）
I happened to see your dictionary lie in the lab where I used it last time.（定语从句）

九 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连接词有as, just as, as if / though（一般用虚拟语气，　也有用直陈语气的）等。
EG：Just do as you are told.
The workers went on working as if nothing had happened.
He talked to the girl as though he had fallen in love with her.
在just as ---, so --- 结构中，　as 带有比喻含义。　意为“正如”，　多用于正式文体。　
EG：Just as some people like sports, so some people like music.
the way 也可引导方式状语从句　。　
EG：you should operate the machine the way I do .

1. Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed.
A. unless                                                  B. since
C. although                                               D. when
2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when                                                   B. unless
C. after                                                    D. until
3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though                                         B. Unless
C. As long as                                            D. while
4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway.
A. even if                                                 B. as though
C. as long as                                             D. unless
5. “Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.”
A. after                                                    B. unless
C. until                                                     D. when
6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees.
A. However                                              B. Whatever
C. Whichever                                            D. Whoever
7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.
A. where                                                  B. in which
C. at                                                        D. for them
8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
A. Wherever                                             B. However
C. Whichever                                            D. Whoever
9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said.
A. while                                                   B. as soon as
C. suddenly                                              D. then
10. ________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.
A. Whatever                                             B. What
C. Whichever                                            D. Whenever
11. ____ you’re got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that                                              B. After
C. Although                                              D. As soon as
12. I thought she was the very girl that I should marry _______ I met her.
A. first time                                              B. for the first time
C. the first time                                         D. by the first time
13. Don’t play by the river _______ you fall in and drown!
A. in case                                                 B. so that
C. in order that                                          D. when
14. Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that                    B. where C. which                              D. when
15. He is better than _______ I last visited him.
A. when                B. that C. how                                 D. which
16. _______ the punishment was unjust, he accepted it without complaint.
A. So long as                          B. Even though C. Since                            D. While
17. ________ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.
A. While                                B. As C. Since                               D. Because
18. _______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A. As long as                  B. As far as C. Just as                      D. Even if
19. _______ rich one may be there is always something one wants.
A. Whatever              B. Whenever C. However                   D. Wherever
20. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which                 B. when C. so that                    D. as if
21. Mr Zhang is mild in character. He never shouts ____ he is very angry.
A. if                             B. even C. though                        D. even when
22. “How long do you suppose it is _______ he left for Japan?” “No more than half a month.”
A. when                 B. before C. after                        D. since
23. In some countries, _______ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
A. that                            B. which C. as                          D. what
【答案与解析】
1. 选 D。when 意为“在(当)……时候”。其余三项填入空格处，句意不通。
2. 选 D。until 意为“直到”，句意为“一位优秀的故事讲述者必须能够让听众在故事结束前一直保持好奇心”。
3. 选 C。as long as 意为“只要”，全句意为“只要我知道这钱是安全的，我就不会担心了”。类似地，下面一题也选 as long as：
“What are you going to do this afternoon?’ “I’ll probably go for a walk later on ____ it stays fine.”
A. as far as                                               B. as long as
C. even if                                                 D. as if
4. 选 D。unless 意为“如果不”、“除非”，用以引导一个条件状语从句。
5. 选 C。考查 not…until… 句式，其意为“直到……才……”。
6. 选B。whatever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter what。注意不能选A，因为 suggest 是及物动词，它应带自己的宾语，而 however 不能用作宾语。
7. 选A。where 指“在……的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。
8. 选A，wherever 意为“无论什么地方”。
9. 选 B。根据语境可推知。如下面一题也选as soon as：
_______ he became rich he cast aside all his old friends who gave him some help.
A. While                                                   B. As soon as
C. Suddenly                                              D. Then
10. 选A。whatever her faults 为让步状语从句，句末省略了谓语动词 are。
11. 选 A。now that 为连词，用以引导原因状语从句，其意为“既然”，与since 同义。其中的 might as well意为“不妨”。全句意为“既然你得到一个机会，你不妨充分利用它”。
12. 选C。the first time 在此用作连词，用以引导状语从句。句意为“我第一次见到她就认为她很诚实”。
13. 选C。in case 意为“以防”。
14. 选 D。when 不表示“当……的时候”，而表示“既然”，相当于 since，用以引导原因状语从句。全句意为：你既然已经有了这么好的工作，干吗还要找新的工作呢? 请再两例：
I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。
Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料，为什么还要用木料?
15. 选A。than 后省略了 he was，假若补充完整，全句即为 He is better than he was when I last visited him。
16. 选 B。比较四个选项：so long as(只要)，even though(即使)，since(自从，既然)，while(当……时候)，其中只有B的意思最合适，全句意为“即使处罚不公平，他毫无怨言地接受”。
17. 选A。while 在此不表示“当……的时候”，而表示“尽管”。
18. 选B。as far as 意为“尽，就，至于”，常用于 as far as I know(据我所知)，as far as one can see(在某人看来)，as far as one can(某人尽力)，as far as sth / sb is concerned(就某事 / 某人来说)等结构。
19. 选C。however 在此引导让步状语从句，意义上相当于 now matter how。
20. 选 C。so that 引导目的状语从句，其意为“为了”。
21. 选 D。根据句子语境，选 B 或 D 较适合，但 even 是副词，不是连词，不能引导状语从句，故选 D。
22. 选 D。问句的基本结构是“It is +时间段+since 从句”，其原句型是 I suppose it is no more than half a month since he left for Japan. 假若对此句中的 no more than half a month 提问，则可得到提问句。
23. 选 D。what 引导的是主语从句，其中的 what 相当于 the schools that。

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