考研-英语词汇词根词缀大全完全版.doc

考研英语英语词汇词根词缀大全
Ⅰ.常见的后缀
1. 常见的名词后缀
(1)表示“人和物”
-an American historian
-ian Italian Canadian politician
-ant assistant accountant participant
-ent student president resident
-ee employee trainee attendee
-er writer speaker waiter
-or actor conductor sailor
-ess waitress hostess actress
-ist socialist novelist scientist
(2)表示“性质、状态、动作、行为”的抽象名词
-ability suitability probability
-ibility possibility responsibility
-age marriage shortage carriage
-al arrival refusal revival survival
-ance acceptance importance distance ignorance
-ence dependence existence difference conference
-dom freedom wisdom seldom
-ery slavery bravery discovery robbery
-hood childhood adulthood neighborhood
-ion election construction conduction
-ition composition competition
-ation modernization civilization alteration
-ism pessimism optimism socialism
-ment movement government encouragement
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-ness kindness carelessness
-ship friendship leadership relationship
-ure exposure failure measure leisure
2. 常见的动词后缀
表示“使(成为)” “使……化”
-ate circulate decorate regulate alternate
-en strengthen weaken broaden widen lighten
-ify classify simplify specify qualify certify
-ize realize organize criticize recognize
-ish Astonish cherish establish finish punish polish vanish accomplish abolish
3. 常见的形容词后缀
(1)表示“具有……性质的”
-al national cultural natural
-an American republican
-ian Italian Canadian Christian
-ant pleasant resistant distant constant
-ent different confident excellent
-ary necessary imaginary customary
-ory compulsory contradictory
-ate considerate fortunate
-ese Chinese Taiwanese Cantonese
-ic heroic poetic economic
-some troublesome handsome quarrelsome
(2)表示“充满或缺乏”
-free duty-free carefree worry-free
-ful hopeful useful wonderful helpful
-less hopeless useless needless
-(i)ous dangerous various anxious serious
-y rainy dirty hairy
(3)表示“类似”
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-ish childish stylish greenish
-like childlike businesslike
-ly brotherly friendly deadly
(4)表示“主、被动”意义
-able comfortable capable portable disable
-ible responsible sensible visible
-ive negative positive passive decisive
(5)表示“方向”
-ward downward backward forward westward upward
4. 常见的副词后缀
-ly successfully strongly quickly angrily slowly
-ward(s) downwards eastwards
-wise clockwise likewise otherwise
Ⅱ.常见的前缀
1. 表示“否定或逆转”
de- defeat defend define deform
dis- disappear disagree disorder disgust
in- incorrect inactive incapable inaccurate
il- illegal illogical illiberal
im- impossible immature imperfect impatient
ir- irregular irrelevant irresponsible
mis- misuse mislead misunderstanding
non- non-stop nonsense non-violence
un- unhappy unlucky unpleasant
2. 表示“时间顺序”
ex- ex-president ex-wife ex-husband
fore- foretell forehead foresee forecast
mid- middle midfield midnight midterm
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post- post-war postgraduate postpone
pre- prepare prepay premature predict
re- recall repair rebuild rewrite
3. 表示“方向或位置”
ex- export exclude expel exert
in- invade include indicate indoor infect
im- import immigrate imitate impact impair
inter- international interactive interchange
sub- subway subsequent subtitle
tele- telephone telescope telecommunication
trans- transparent transport transplant translate
4. 表示“程度、大小或差别”
macro- macroeconomics
micro- microscope Microsoft micro-oven
mini- minibus miniskirt minimum
over- overwork overuse overhear
super- supermarket superpower superb superstar
under- underdeveloped underestimate underline undermine
vice- vice-president vice-principal
5. 表示“数量”
bi- bicycle bimonthly bilingual bilateral
kilo- kilometer kilogram kilohertz kilowatt
mono- monolingual monologue monopoly
multi- multiple multifunctional multinational
semi- semifinal semiconductor semiconscious
tri- triangle tricycle triple trilateral
uni- unicycle unique universal uniform
6. 变换词类的前缀
be- befriend belittle behead
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en- enable endanger enjoy enlarge endear enrich ensure
em- embrace employ embitter embody embezzle
Ⅲ.常见的词根
audi=hear audience auditorium audible audition
ced(cess)=go Precede proceed process successor
successive recede exceed excess
cept=take except exception exceptional accept acceptance acceptable
intercept reception deception concept conception receptive
circle encircle semicircle circular circulate circulation circumstance
clud(clus)=close,shut exclude exclusive include inclusive conclude
conclusion elude (decide, decisive, decision)
cord=heart record recorder concord concordant accord accordant discord
cred=believe, trust credit credible discredit incredible credulous incredulous
cur(curs, cour)=run occur occurrence current currency course recur recurrent
dict(dic)=say contradict dictate predict prediction indicate indication dictionary
duc(duct)=lead educate introduce introduction conduct
product reduce reduction deduce
fer=bring, carry conference confer differ different
offer prefer preferable transfer defer
fus=pour refuse refusal confuse confusion transfuse transfusion
ject=throw project inject reject rejection subject
subjective object objective eject
log=speak dialogue dialog apology apologize monologue logic
medi=middle Immediate immediately medium
multimedia intermediate medieval
memor=memory memory memorize memo memorable
memorial commemorate remember
mini=small, little minimum minimize diminish minus minor miniskirt minority
miss(mit)=send missile dismiss emit promise compromise commit submit
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mot=move motion motive motivate promote promotion demote remote
pel=push, drive propel expel repel repulsion repulsive compel impel
pend(pens)=hang depend dependent independent suspend suspension
port=carry portable import export transport
transportation support supportive
pos=put expose compose composition composer
propose proposal oppose opposite dispose
disposal pose position purpose deposit
rupt=break rupture interrupt interruption disrupt
bankrupt corrupt erupt eruption
sent(sens)=feel sense sensation sentimental consent consensus
resent sensible sensitive nonsense assent sentence
sist=stand resist resistant consist consistent assist assistant
exist existent insist insistent persist persistent
spect(spec)=look spectacle prospect inspect expect respect suspect
suspicious spectator special specify specific speculate
tain(ten, tin)=hold contain obtain sustain maintain continue continual
continuous attain mountain fountain Britain curtain certain
tend(tens,
tent)=stretch
extend extension extensive (extended family)
extent (~ reading) attend attendant attention
attentive content contest contestant (participant)
tend tent tension tense pretend intend intensive (~ reading)
tract=draw tractor attract attractive contract abstract (concrete)
extract subtract distract distraction distracted distracting
ven=come invent invention prevent prevention
conventional event eventual
vert(vers)=turn advertise anniversary divert diverse diversify diversity
revert reverse introvert extrovert convert
versatile controversial invert avert
vis(vid)=see vision visible visit advise advisable revise
supervise visa evident evidence provide video