简单句五种基本句型课件doc资料.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英语简单句五种基本句型,句子成分,主语（,subject,）：一句话的中心,My sister,is a nurse.,Her room,is on the second floor.,谓语（,predicate,）：是主语的主要情况，可表示动作、状态,She,works,in a hospital.She,knows,a little English.,宾语（,object,）：表示动作的承受者或动作的结果,Everybody knows,her,.She is writing,a letter,now.,表语（,predicative,）,:,和系动词一起构成谓语,She,is a kind,girl.,定语（,attribute,）：修饰名词、代词等,Her,hospital isnt very big.But everyone,in the hospital,works hard.,状语（,adverbial,）：修饰动词、形容词或副词,She goes to work,very early,.She feels,very,happy.,句子可以由主语，谓语动词，表语，宾语，定语，状语，直接和间接宾语，宾语补足语组成归纳成,五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装,。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,基本句型一：,+,（主谓,/,不及物动词）,Everybody smiled.The sun is rising.,基本句型二：,+,+,（主谓,/,及物动词宾）,He knows everything.I like her.,基本句型三：,+,+,（主谓,/,系动词表）,The boy looks healthy.,基本句型四,:,+,+InO+D,(,主谓,/,双宾动词间宾直宾）,I showed him my passport.,基本句型五,:,+,+,+O,（主谓,/,及物动词宾宾补）,What made you angry?,各种词类及其在句子中的作用：,1.Nouns(,n.,),名词：,-,主语,(,S,),，宾语,(,O,),，表语,(,P,),等,2.Verbs(,v.,),动词,-,谓语,(,V,),（,vt.,及物动词,/,vi,.,不及物动词）,3.Pronouns,（,pron),代词：,-,主语，宾语，表语,等,e.g.,Kate has a piano.,She likes it very much.,_,S,_,V,_,O,_,S,_,V,_,O,4.Adjectives (,adj.,),形容词：,-,定语,(,At.,),表语（,P,）,e.g.The flower is very beautiful.,This is a very beautiful flower.,5.Adverbs(,adv.,),副词：,-,状语（,Ad.,),6.Numerals(,num.,),数词：,-,定语，表语，主语等,e.g.25(desks)_(be)enough7.Articles(,art.,),冠词：,一般不单独构成句子成分,(At.),(P),are,8.Prepositions(,prep.,),介词（,in,at,on,),prep.+n.,介词短语,-,状语,(Ad.),表语等,e.g.We can see the bike under the tree.,9.Conjunctions (,conj.,),连词,(and,or,but,so),一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用,10.Interjections(,interj.,),感叹词,(ah,oh,yeah),一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用,基本句型 一,(subject),+,V,verb),（主谓）,特点,:,句子的,谓语动词,都能表达,完整,的意思。,这类动词叫做,不及物动词,，后面可以,跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,e.g.His words works.,V,s,主语,+,不及物动词,It,s snowing,.,The train,is arriving,.,The blind,do not see,.,Can,you,read,?,It,doesnt pay,.,May,I,go,?,We,waited and waited,.,主语,+,不及物动词,+,状语,Did you sleep,well,?,Dont drive,so fast,.,She is studying,hard at the university,.,She swims,like a fish,.,She is trembling,all over,.,You go first and I will,follow behind,.,主语,+,不及物动词,+,副词,The meeting,broke up,in great confusion.,The engine,broke down,.,The bomb,blew up,.,How did the accident,come about,?,The concert,came off,well.,Sales,have been dropping off,badly.,主语,+,不及物动词（有被动意思）,The door,blew,open.,Cheese,cuts,easily.,She,photographs,well.,The window,wont,shut.,Silk,stains,easily.,Her eyes,filled,with tears.,基本句型 二,+,+,（,主谓宾,）,特点：谓语动词都是,实义动词,，但不能表,达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动,作的承受者，才能使意思完整。,这类动词叫做,及物动词,。,e.g.We like,the movie,.,S,V,o,主语,+,及物动词,名词,/,代词,1.,主谓宾结构,He loves poetry.,He left school in 1988.,They found a cure for cancer.,We took the early flight to America.,2.,习惯用语（动词,+,名词）,Dont,catch cold,.,Take care,!The ice is thin.,主语,+,及物动词,+,反身代词,I cant,express myself,English.,Now Ill,introduce myself,.,She,saw herself,in the mirror.,I can,support myself,.,I,asked myself,several questions.,主语,+,及物动词,+,不定式（作宾语）,Someone is,asking to see you,.,We cant,afford to pay,such a price.,I cant,bear to see,you like this.,I didnt,expect to find,you here.,I dont,wish to leave,my mother.,He,promised to see,her home.,主语,+,及物动词,+,动名词（作宾语）,Would you mind,waiting a few minutes,?,Why have they delayed,opening the new school,?,I cant imagine,lying like this,.,I prefer,standing,.,I propose,resting for half an hour,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,连接副（代）词引导的宾语从句,I didnt,know,where they had gone.,This,shows,how much she sympathized with him.,Do you,see,now why I did itHe,asked,when we would be in London.,You can,discuss,which is his best poem.,I can tell you,what I hear,.,基本句型 三,+,+,（,主系表,）,特点：句子谓语动词都,不能,表达一个完整的意思，,必须,加上,一个表明主语身份或状态的,表语,构,成,复合谓语,，才能表达完整的意思。,这类动词叫做,(,连,),系,动词。,系动词可分四类：,1,）,be,本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的,作用,后可接动词外的任何词；,2,）感官动词类,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,等,3,）表示变化：,get,grow,become,turn,go,等,4,）表示状态延续：,stay,keep,remain,stand,等,主语,+,系动词,+,形容词,She,felt,a bit dizzy.,Youre not,looking,very well.,The dish,smells,good.,When she saw this,she,turned,red.,Things will,come,right in the end.,He has,fallen,ill.,His advice,proved,sound.,主语,+,系动词,+,名词,/,代词,His dream has at last,become,a reality.,He used to be a teacher till he,turned,writer.,We can,remain,friends.,He,appeared,a fool.,It,sounds,a good idea.,The affair,rests,a mystery.,主语,+,系动词,+,副词,I have,been out,for a walk.,But Ive got to,be off,now.,Ill see if he,is around,.,If he is not here,he,s about,somewhere.,She had,been away,on a long trip.,主语,+,系动词,+,不定式,His plan,is to keep,the affair secret.,Their aim,was to modernize,their agriculture.,Your job,is to make sure,that the work is finished on time.,My duty,is to get,you away,to save you.,主语,+,系动词,+,动名词,His hobby,is collecting,stamps.,His occupation,was teaching,.,My job,is repairing,cars.,Her main interest,is playing,tennis.,主语,+,系动词,+,从句,Their first idea,was that he had hidden it,.,My opinion,is that the plan wont work,.,His only fault,is that he lacks ambition,.,主语,+,系动词,+,形容词,+,介词短语,Be/,系动词,+,形容词,+,介词,Be afraid of/be short of/be fond of/be proud of/be tired of/be confident of/be worried about/feel confident of/remain ignorant of/fall short of,主语,+,系动词,+,形容词,+,不定式,Be glad to/be sorry to/be happy to/be anxious to/be keen to/be ready to/be willing to/be afraid to/be content to,主语,+,系动词,+,形容词,+,从句,Afraid/sorry/glad/sure/certain/confident/surprised/hopeful/proud/clear/aware(of),基本句型 四,+,+InO+D,（,主谓间宾直宾,）,特点：谓语动词必须跟有,两个,宾语才能表达完,整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的,直,接承受者,，另一个是动作的,间接承受者,。,通常可改为,S+V+DO+prep.(to/for)+InO,e.g.She gave me an apple.,=She gave an apple to me.,主语,+,双宾语动词,+,名词或代词,+,名词,1.,动词后接,to:give show send bring read pass lend leave hand tell return write throw refuse phone,等,She gave me her telephone number(gave a job to me).He handed me the letter(the letter to me).,2.,动词后接,for:make buy do get play sing pay find order choose save cook,3.,不能改为,to,或,for,的,Fine cost kiss keep mean forgive set,They fined her 200 dollars.,注意：,1.,如果直接宾语是人身代词宾格时，只能用加,to,或,for,的形式。,Eg,：,She often gives it to me.,2.,主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,疑问词,+to do sth.(what to do/,how to do it),Eg:He taught me how to read the words.,基本句型 五,+,+,+O,（,主谓宾宾补,）,特点：动词虽然是,及物动词,，但是只跟一个宾,语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一,个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,判断原则：能表达成,宾语,是,/,做,e.g.We made him,the monitor,.,S,VO,OC,1.,常跟复合宾语的动词有：,call name make think find leave and so on.,Eg:I will make you captain.,I found the film interesting.,2.,如,see watch look at listen to hear feel let make have,后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时，常省略,to,Eg,：,He listened to the boy cry.Let me go.,The teacher made the students laugh.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,形容词作宾补）,He found his new job,rather boring,.,He got his clothes,wet,.,She dyed her hair,brown,.,Finally they set him,free,.,I like my tea very,hot,.,She pushed the door,open,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,名词（作补语）,They called their daughter,Mary,.,They named the city,London,.,All work and no play makes Jack,a dull boy,.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,不定式（作补语）,What do you advise me,to do,?,Dont allow yourself,to indulge,in false hopes.,I wish you,to be happy,.,Permit me,to explain,.,典型例题分析,1.Plants need water.,S+V+O,(,主,+,谓,+,宾,),2.The flower is so nice.,S+V+P,(,主,+,系,+,表,),3.They work hard.,S+V,(,主,+,谓,),4.He gives me some books.,S+V+In O+DO,(,主,+,谓,+,直宾,+,间宾,),5.We should keep the plants in the shade.,S+V+O+OC,(,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,),7.Her father looks young.,8.She teaches us English.,9.The children are jumping and laughing happily.,10.Our teacher asked us to talk about the questions in pairs.,11.He often tells me some interesting stories.,12.The students must keep their eyes closed.,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,谓,+,间宾,+,直宾,主,+,谓,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,主,+,谓,+,间宾,+,直宾,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,1.Plants need water.,2.The flower is so fresh.,3.The sun rises in the east.,4.He gives me some flowers.,5.We should keep the room clean.,6.Many animals live in trees.,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,谓,主,+,谓,+,间宾,+,直宾,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,主,+,谓,基本句型的扩展,:,e.g.,We found the hall,full,.,我们发现礼堂坐满了。,We found the,great,hall full,of students and teachers.,We found the great hall full of students and,teachers,listening to an important report.,我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。,同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，,应,掌握动词的类型,。以,get,为例：,Hes getting angry.,(S V P),Youll get a surprise.,(S V O),He got his shoes and socks wet.,(S V O C),在句子中,词类和词的位置,也影响句子的句型和意思,:,I found the book easily.,我很容易地找到了这本书。,(,S V O,）,I found the book easy.,我觉得这本书很容易。,（,S V O C,）,按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：,简单句，并列句，复合句,1)The teachers name is Smith.,2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.,3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.,4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.,5)Hurry up,or youll be late.,6)I saw him when I walked past the street.,7)He often gets up early because he wants,to catch the early bus.,简单句并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,Be,与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：,现在有,there,is/are,过去有,there,was/were,将来有,there,will be,；,there,is/are going to be,.,现在已经有,there,has/have been,可能有,there,might be,.,肯定有,there,must be,/there,must have been,.,过去曾经有,there,used to be,似乎有,there,seems/seem/seemed to be,碰巧有,there,happen/happens/happened to be,