综合学术英语教程2答案.doc

综合学术英语教程2 答案
Unit 1 Multidisciplinary Education
Keys to the Exercises

Approaching the Topic
1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to become
experts in their field of interest.
2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with people
from a diverse set of disciplines.
3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.
4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who are
interdisciplinary problem solvers.
2. 1) f　2) d　3) a　4) e　5) g　6) m　7) j　8) k　9) l　10) i　11) b　12) h　13) c
4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach
(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment
6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.
2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinary
studies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem
solvers.
3) Open.
4) Open.
5) Open.

Reading about the Topic
3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy,
ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc.
2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.
3) Names of intellectual giants.
4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner and
architect.
4. Set 1: 1) c　2) e　3) d　4) h　5) a　6) g　7) f　8) b
Set 2: 1) e　2) a　3) h　4) b　5) c　6) f　7) d　8) g
5. (b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D
(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A
6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard in
design.
2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ields
of knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascination
with nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand for
hands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real world.
3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as many
different cultures and backgrounds as MIT.”(Para. F)
4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as to
use their time at MIT to its fullest potential.
5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting back
and letting things happen to them.”
7. Set 1: 1) h　2) d　3) a　4) g　5) f　6) e　7) b　8) c
Set 2: 1) c　2) g　3) d　4) a　5) h　6) f　7) e　8) b
8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f it
with the value of MIT.
2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiring
role models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and
participate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of their
MIT education.
3) The three of Da Vinci’s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by the
students. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great many
extraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.
4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries in
order to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.
9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor more
to the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)
2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design.
(Para. B)
3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci — and you will use your time at
MIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)
4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most important
problems of the world. (Para. G)
5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let things
happen to them. (Para. H)
10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development of
technologies.

Exploring the Topic
4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.
2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.
3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.
4) How about examining our problems about science and technology from a liberal arts
perspective.
5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventional
divisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.
5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast —“College education has always had the responsibility to ...
However, ... we also see the growing importance of producing ...”. The introduction of Reading
2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers’ interest to go on reading.
Integrated Exercises
2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent
(7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generate
3.
The members of a word family
Chinese equivalent
inspire inspiration inspired inspiring
v.激励 n.灵感 adj.有灵感的
generate generation generative generator
adj.鼓舞人心的 v.产生 n.一代 adj.有生产力的 n.发电机
aspiration aspire aspiring
n.渴望 v.渴望 adj.有抱负的
inherit inheritance inheritor inherited
v.继承 n.继承物 n.继承人 adj.遗传的
discipline disciplined disciplinary
n.纪律 adj.纪律严明的 adj.有关纪律的
represent representation representative
v.代表 n.表现 n.代表者
anatomist anatomy anatomical
n.解剖学家 n.解剖学 adj.解剖的
speculate speculation speculative speculator
v.推测 n.推测 adj.推测的 n.思索者
celebrate celebration celebrated celebrity
v.庆祝 n.庆祝活动 adj.著名的 n.名人
intellect intellectual intelligence intelligent
n.智力 adj.智力的 n.智慧 adj.有才智的
collaborate collaboration collaborative collabotator
v.合作 n.合作 adj.合作的 n.合作者
Integrate integrated integration
v.合并 adj.完整统一的 n.整合

(1) inspiring (2) generation (3) collaborative (4) aspiring (5) Intelligent
(6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical
4. (1) D　(2) A　(3) C　(4) B　(5) D　(6) A　(7) B　(8) C　(9) A　(10) C
5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.
(2) The scientists’ experiment generated an unexpected outcome.
(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into the
global economy.
(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.
(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention.
(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.
(7) He inherited his parents’ fortune after their death.
(8) He disregarded his father’s advice and left college.
(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join the
campaign.
(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.
7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.
(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.
(3) The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological and
medical studies.
(4) It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher’s belief, which he claimed not
to have heard about before.
(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possible
emergencies.
(6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by the
environmentalist.
(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of
life.
(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adapting
to the fast-paced modern life.
(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.
(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interests
well beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.
8.
A. (1) B　(2) C　(3) B　(4) B　(5) D
B. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for more
emphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role in
training individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to face
multifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities and
colleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinary
work being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom.
C. 1) F　2) T　3) F　4) T　5) T
D. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject
(4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired
(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer
(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive
(13) a new thesis topic 14) flexibility (15) style of leadership

Unit 2 The Scientific Method
Keys to the Exercises
Approaching the Topic
1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring
knowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gathering
observable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observation
and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.
2) Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experiments
to test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication and
the results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis.
3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible.
4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our senses
can be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presence
affects what is being studied.
5) ① Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.
② Science is exciting.
③ Science is useful.
④ Science is ongoing.
⑤ Science is reliable.
⑥ Science is a community endeavor.
2. 1) c　2) g　3) e　4) f　5) a　6) d　7) h　8) k　9) b　10) i　11) j
4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (4) technologies (5) puzzle
(6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional
6. 1) Science.

2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peering
through a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on.
3) Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature.
4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science moves
towards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within
the scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas.
5) Open.

Reading about the Topic
3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which
“verified”the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to be
false, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at the
price of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.
2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.
3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted and
were always confirmed.
4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies (such as the sun)
5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possible
results of observation — in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would have
expected.
4. Set 1: 1) c　2) a　3) d　4) b　5) f　6) e　7) h　8) g
Set 2: 1) b　2) e　3) a　4) f　5) d　6) c　7) h　8) g
5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e)
Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d)
6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions.
2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem.
3) You shouldn’t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain what might have been wrong
with your original hypothesis.
4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once you
develop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn’t change it, even if the results of your
experiment show that you were wrong.
5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.
7. Set 1: 1) c　2) a　3) d　4) b　5) f　6) e　7) h　8) g
Set 2: 1) e　2) g　3) a　4) f　5) c　6) b　7) d　8) h
8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting information
from any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In this
process, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through being
refuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified,
which ref lects its true
scientific virtue.
2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while a
theory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied to
every situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory.
3) It is always possible to verify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory from
refutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status.
4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivable
event is non-scientific.
9. 1) Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn more
about what makes plants grow. (Para. B)
2) The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. (Para. D)
3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlight
appear to grow bigger. (Para. H)
4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don’t
match up with your hypothesis. (Para. K)
5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that you