1、英语中的停顿和意群简析 英语和汉语一样,人们在朗读或讲话时,为了生动、清楚地表达自己的意思,或作稍微短暂的呼吸换气,将意思表达完整,往往需要在语言表述的某些地方加以停顿。在英语教学中常遇到学生朗读或讲话时对停顿无所措的情况,直接影响着教学进程和效果。和汉语一样,讲话者不得随意乱停。若停顿的不是地方,不仅不能准确的表达意思,而且可能引出许多笑话或误会来。譬如,汉语中人们常说的这样一则笑话:“我是××总经理”、“派来的”。就是因为停顿上的错误,让人误解,觉得滑稽可笑。中学阶段的应试教育模式,强调的是阅读理解、语法结构和习题练习,往往对会话、读音重视不够,致使大学生不知该在何处停顿换气,影
2、响英语的学习与交流。为此,我们应对这个薄弱环节予以重视,让学生全面掌握英语知识,使学生的听说与读写译有机地统一起来,提高学生的整体英语水平。当然,英语学习是一个复杂的语言接受、理解和应用的综合过程,涉及教育学、心理学、语音学、语法学等方面的知识,我们结合教学实际,应用有关理论,就意群在英语停顿中作用问题作一探讨。 一、 停顿(Pausing) 英语语法规定根据阅读或讲话句子长短情况,可按意群进行停顿。在同一意群的各个词之间不能停顿,而应一口气读完,以便整体意思不致中断,使人能完整地理解讲话人的意图和目的。 例如:ÀIdid not see Mary / at the party .
3、 Á Changjing is the longest river / in our country . Â A child begins / to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound. 注:意群和意群之间并非一定要停顿,根据情况,有些可停也可不停。 例如:上例À Á 就可不停。 ÀIdid not see Mary at the party . Á Changjing is the longest river in our cou
4、ntry . 上例 Â 也可少停一次。 Â A child begins to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound. 现已知停顿的规则,但要准确地运用还必须弄清楚英语中的意群及其划分。 二、 意群(Sense-groups)。 意群指句子可以按照意思和语法结构分为若干段落,每一个段落就称为一个意群。它是在意思上相对完整,在语法上密切联系,不能再分的一个词组。 例如 1 .下列句子可分为两个意群: À We study hard /
5、 for our country . Á There are only two windows / in that room . 2.下列句子可分为三个意群: À I will be glad / to meet you again / next year. Á He said / that he would do better / in his English study. 3.下列句子可分为四个意群: À We worked / with the workers there / and learned a lot / from them. Á The fores
6、t had been green / in the summer / when we had come / into the town.. 三、 意群的划分。 一般规则如下: 1. 冠词与名词划为同一意群。 À There is an English novel on the bookshelf. Á The film we saw last night is very interesting. 2.形容词与名词划为一个意群。 À Please pass me that red-blue pencil. Á I have not enough mo
7、ney to buy it. 2. 系动词与表语划为一个意群。 À How to go there is a problem. Á To rise early is his custom. 4.介词短语划为一个意群。 À There are some tall trees in front of the building. Á Keep him in the dark about the matter. 5.动词不定式短语划为一个意群。 À I refused to believe the evil rumor. Á Because he is ill ,
8、he feels unable to do it to it 6.分词短语化为一个意群。 À They lived in a room facing the south. Á A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 7.动名词短语划为一个意群。 À Seeing him happy made me happy too. Á Have you finished correcting the students’papers? 8.动词及其主语或宾语划为一个意群。 À We can si
9、ng a song in English ÁI received a letter from him after a long silence. 9.副词与动词放在一起划为一个意群。 À He has been working hard since he came here. ÁNow that you are a big boy, you must behave better. 10.关系词与从句、连词与其后面部分划为一个意群。 À W should strike while the iron is white hot. ÁTake the medicine be
10、fore you go to bed. Â He said that he would come to see you soon. Ã Do you know whose pen it is? Ä She told a story which moved us deeply. Å We should never pretend to know what we do not know. Æ You can go either by boat or by train. ÇI awoke one morning and found myself famous. 因此,朗读时一个意群不能分开读,即不能在意群中间停顿,否则,就会影响整体意思的表达和理解,出现与前面提到的与汉语一样的错误,在教学中应引起重视
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