7BUnit1-3知识点.doc

牛津初中英语总复习)7B Unit 1
一.【精选词汇】　　
㈠重点短语　　
1. would like to live next to a restaurant (p6)　　
〈知识链接〉would like/want sth想要某物，would like/want to do sth想做某事, would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事；注意疑问句Would sb like to do sth? Yes, I’d like/love to.　　
2. homes around the world世界各地的家园 (p8)　　
〈知识链接〉around/across/all over/throughout…遍及…，全… 　　
⑴全世界：around/across/all over/throughout the world、country　　
3. look out at the beach and the sea向外看海滩和大海 　　
〈知识链接〉look out at…向外看…，look out of…向…外看→ look into…向…里看e.g.　　
①向车外看look out of the car ②向外看车look out at the car ③向窗里看look into the window　　
4. see the sea and the beach from the bedroom windows →see…from…从某处看到某人或某物　　
5. rain a lot＝often rain经常下雨　　
rain vi.下雨&n.雨水→rainy有雨的 e.g. ①It rains a lot.＝There is a lot of rain. ②It was rainy last night. ③a heavy rain一场大雨 ④rain heavily下大雨　　
6. make dinner＝cook dinner做饭→ make常指手工制作，cook烹调 (p9)　　
7. on the fifth of June＝on 5th June＝on 5 June＝on June 5th＝on June 5 在　6月5日　　　
8. in the centre of…在…的中心，在…的中央→in the centre of the city在市中心　　
9. live with my family in a flat on a busy street和我的家人住在一条繁华街道的套房里　　
10. share a bedroom with my sister和我的姐姐合住一个卧室　　
〈知识链接〉share sth with sb和某人分享某物，和某人合用某物　　
11. the best place to grow flowers种花的最好地方 动词不定式作后置定语 (p10)　　
12. more than多于，超过→less than少于，不到　　
13. on a shelf →on shelves在架子上，on the balcony在阳台上 (p13)　　
14. “到达”的三种表达方式：①arrive at＋小地方，arrive in＋大地方 ②get to ③reach　　
⑴到达这里/那里/家①arrive here/there/home ②get here/there/home；此时不用reach ⑵到某人的家arrive at sb’s home, get to sb’s home, reach sb’s home ⑶不说到达具体的地方，只能用arrive。e.g. I’ll call you when he arrives. ⑷arrive on Sunday不能用arrive at/in Sunday。　　
15. can’t wait to see you迫不及待见到你 → can’t wait to do sth迫不及待地做某事 (p17)　　
On Christmas morning children can’t wait to open the presents in the stockings.　　
16. take you to the Great Wall →take sb to…带某人去某地，不能用take sb to go to…　　
17. have your own bedroom 拥有你自己的卧室　　
own自己的，用于所有格之后表示强调。常用one’s own＋名词，of one’s own 自己独有的。e.g. ①a room of my own＝my own room ②She has her own car. 　　
18. at least至少→at most至多，两者都是后接数词＋名词 (p22)　　
㈡词汇解析　　
2. friend →friendly友好的，be friendly to sb对某人友好，make friends with sb与某人交友　　
3. 与房屋相关的设施：balcony阳台，kitchen厨房，ladder梯子，stairs楼梯，sitting room客厅，dining room餐厅，bedroom卧室，furniture家具，armchair扶手椅，beside table床头柜，coffee table茶几，cupboard碗厨，柜子，lamp台灯，sofa沙发，couch长沙发，bookcase书架，bath浴缸，bathroom浴室，toilet便池；厕所，shower淋浴；淋浴间，sink洗涤槽，dinner table餐桌，fridge冰箱，air conditioner空调，DVD player DVD影碟机　　
4. 〈不同类型的旅行〉journey指陆地上的长期旅行；travel/travelling指一般的旅行；tour指到各地的观光、考察的长途旅行；trip指短期间来回的商业或观光旅行。　　
make a journey to…到某地旅行，如：He made a journey to Shenzhen on business.　　
二.【重点句型】　　
1. The capital of the USA is Washington DC.美国的首都是华盛顿 (p7)　　
〈知识链接〉the capital of… …国家的首都，首都是惟一的，必须使用定冠词the修饰。　　
2. The house is over the river. (p8) 　　
〈知识链接〉over在…的正上方，垂直向上，反义词是under在…正下方，垂直向下 e.g.　　
①There is a bridge over the river. ②It’s too hot. Let’s have a rest under the tree.　　
〈用法拓展〉above在…的下方，高于…，只说明物体间的上下关系，可能垂直，也可能不垂直。反义词是below在…的下方，低于…。above, below也可以表示“在几度以上或以下”。　　
e.g. ①The plane flew above the bridge. ②It’s cold. The temperature is below zero.　　
3. That sounds great/good.可以简写为Sounds great/good.听起来好极了。sound是连系动词。　　
4. 电话用语：　　
⑴请找某人接电话好吗？May/Can/Could I speak to…? ⑵我就是。Speaking.　⑶你是谁？Who is that (speaking)?或Who’s calling? ⑷Is that…?你是…吗？　⑸我是…。This is…(speaking).　　
5. I have a room with twelve showers and four baths. 　　
〈知识链接〉介词短语with…作后置定语，如：a girl with long hair一个长发女孩　　
6. I would like all my friends to have a shower or a bath at the same time. at the same time同时　　
〈知识链接〉would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事，have/take a shower/bath洗淋浴/洗澡　　
7. Wilson lives two floors above Wendy. Mary lives six floors below Wendy. 注意介词的使用。　　

(牛津初中英语总复习) 7B Unit 2
一.【精选词汇】　　
㈠重点短语　　
1. one tin of dog food 一听狗食→复数：tins of dog food (p24)　　
同义词can n.罐→复数: cans e.g. a can of beef一罐牛肉，a coffee can咖啡罐头　　
2. order a pizza点一个比萨 →order vt.订购，order sth from sb向某人订购某物　　
He ordered some machines from America. order n.顺序→out of order不整齐　　
3. tell you about life in this great new town →tell sb about sth告诉某人关于某事 (p26)　　
4. go walking＝go for a walk去散步　　
5. be close to our friends靠近我们的朋友→be close to…反义词组→be far from…远离…　　
close adj.亲密的 e.g. a close friend of mine我的一个密友　　　　
7. pay a little money付一点钱，pay→pays→paying→paid→paid (p27)　　
pay for sth付…款，pay some money for sth买某物支付/花费…钱　　
⑴pay attention to＋名词/代词/动名词 注意，pay no attention to没注意，pay more attention to多注意 ⑵pay a visit to sb拜访某人⑶payment n.支付 payment in cash　　
8. Chinese restaurant中餐馆，Western restaurant西餐馆，enjoy/sing Beijing opera欣赏/唱京剧　　
9. at the theatre在剧院 →at the party在聚会上 (p29)　　
10. a piece of bread一片面包，a slice of bread一片面包(slice薄片)，a loaf of bread 一大块面包→loaves of bread，a kilo of…一千克…→kilos of…　　
11. belong to Daniel →belong to sb属于某人的，注意不能用物主代词或名词所有格。　　
〈知识链接〉①The house belongs to Mr Smith. ②That T-shirt belongs to her.　　
12. all over the place到处都是, e.g. Look at our books. They are all over the place. (p34)　　
13. plan to hold a welcome party for the exchange students from 　　Britain　　 (p35)　　
14. prepare food and drink for the party　　
⑴prepare …for…为…准备… e.g. prepare a hotel room for them　　
⑵prepare for…＝make preparations for…准备好… e.g. prepare for the World Cup　　
15. 还有许多…①many more＋名词复数 ②much more＋不可数名词 (p36)　　
〈用法拓展〉还有一些：some more＋名词复数或不可数名词, some more coffee/people　　
16. make plans to go out计划外出 → make a plan to do sth＝plan to do sth计划做某事 (p37)　　
17. meet friends at the youth centre在青少年活动中心结交朋友，friends nearby附近的朋友 　　
18. show you around my home town →show sb around…带领某人参观某地 (p40)　　
19. grow vegetables and flowers种菜、种花→plant trees植树 注意动词grow, plant的不同。　　
20. go into town on my bicycle骑自行车进城 → on the/one’s bicycle骑自行车　　
〈知识链接〉介词短语“骑自行车”两种不同的表达：by bicycle, on the/one’s bicycle 　　
㈡词汇解析　　
3. sick adj.患病的，作定语或表语；ill adj.生病的，只能作表语。a sick person不能说成an ill person；feel sick＝feel ill感到不舒服，fall ill病倒。be (ill) in hospital住院。　　
4. 比较one与it：one代替前面已出现过的可数名词单数，it代替同一个物体，就是出现的那个事物。e.g. —Do you have a camera? —No, but my father has one. He bought it in Nanjing. ones代替前面已出现的同类可数名词复数；them代替前面的同一些人或物。　　
6. teach →teaches →teaching →taught →taught, teach sb sth教某人…，teach sb (how) to do sth教某人做某事，teach oneself…＝learn…by oneself自学…　　
二.【重点句型】　　
1. —How many tins of dog food can we buy with that? —None. p24)　　
〈知识链接〉none一个人或物也没有，常用于回答How many/much…? none of＋可数名词复数或us/you/them，谓语动词用单数或复数；none of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。e.g.　　
①None of them is/are from Japan. ②None of the milk is fresh. 　　
③They tried to find some money in the wallet, but they found none.　　
no one＝nobody没有人，不可与of连用，一般回答Why问句。nothing没有什么回答What问句。e.g.　①—Who hears of that man? —Nobody/No one. ②—What do you know about him? —Nothing.　　
2. It is only 40 minutes from the centre of Beijing by underground. (p24)　　
该句等于It takes 40 minutes to go from Sunshine Town to the centre of Beijing by underground. →句型：A is some time from B by….＝It is some time from A to B by….从A地到B地乘坐…需要…时间。 e.g. 　Nanjing is 5 hours from Shanghai by train.　　
3. There is less air pollution in Sunshine Town than in other areas of Beijing　　. 　　
pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollute the river污染河流，pollution n.(U)污染　　
4. Most of us live in tall buildings. tall buildings高楼大厦通常用tall修饰buildings，不用high。　　
5. They don’t have to go far if they need help with their homework.　　
⑴go far走远路 ⑵need help with…在某方面需要帮助 　　
⑶don’t have to＝don’t need to＝needn’t＋动词原形，不必做某事　　
〉⑴have to表示客观方面的需要，有人称和时态的变化，常用于一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等时态，意为“不得不，得”；其否定式don’t have to意为“不必”。　　
⑵must表示说话者的主观看法即主观认为有必要，无人称变化，仅有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的变化；其否定式为mustn’t，意为“一定不要、禁止、不允许”。　　
6. You can shop until ten o’clock at night in most shopping malls. (p27)　　
〈知识链接〉until prep.&conj.后接短语或引导时间状语从句。not…until…直到…才…。　　
主句和从句的时态通常为：①主句一般将来时＋从句一般现在时②主句和从句都用一般过去时。当主句是肯定句时，主句的谓语是延续性动词；当主句是否定句时，即not…until…，谓语是非延续性动词。①It didn’t stop raining until the next morning. 　　
②She will stay in Shanghai until she finishes her task. 主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。　　
③He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.＝He went to bed after his father came back.　　
注意not…until…转换为含有after复合句的步骤：主句变为肯定句→until变为after。　　
8. Why don’t you visit our local theatre with us? 　　
Why don’t you do sth? Why not do sth? 为何不…? 向某人提建议时用语。　　
9. What else do you want? (p32)　　
What else＝What other things，else作定语，通常放在疑问词或不定代词之后。　　
三.【语法详解】How many/much、名词所有格、物主代词、冠词　　
㈠How many, How much：How many＋名词复数＋…? How much＋不可数名词＋…?　　
㈡名词所有格：　　
英语中的许多名词(主要是有生命的名词)可加-’s表示所有关系。这种形式称之为名词的所有格。与之相对的，即不带这种词尾形式的叫做普通格。　　
⒈名词所有格-’s的加法：　　
⑴一般情况下直接加-’s。e.g. Tom’s sister, the dog’s eyes, Miss Black’s hair clip　　
⑵不以-s词尾的名词复数也加-’s。e.g. women’s club, Children’s Day　　
⑶以-s词尾的名词复数只加“ˊ”号。e.g. the workers’ club, Teachers’ Day　　
⑷如果某物为两人或两人以上共有，在最后一个名词的词尾加-’s；若非共有，则每个名词的词尾都加-’s。 e.g. Mary and Jane’s room玛丽和简的房间，Mary’s and Jane’s rooms玛丽的房间和简的房间　　
⑸表示店铺、处所或某人家的名词加-’s，其后的名词常常省略。　　
at the tailor’s 在裁缝店，at the butcher’s在肉铺，at the barber’s在理发店，at the doctor’s在诊所，at St. Paul’s在圣保罗大教堂，at my uncle’s在我叔叔家　　
⑹表示年代的名词后可加-’s或s。e.g. in the 1970’s/1970s 在20世纪70年代 　　
⒉名词所有格-’s的用法：　　
⑴用在有生命的名词后：Peter and Sam’s father　　
⑵用在时间名词后：today’s newspaper今天的报纸, a month’s salary一个月的薪水　　
⑶用在距离的名词后：twenty minutes’ walk步行20分钟的路程, half an hour’s drive　　
⑷用在长度、天体、重量、价格名词后。　　
⑸用在某些固定短语中。a bird’s eye view鸟瞰, in one’s mind’s eye在某人的心目中　　
⒊of所有格的用法　　
⑴用于无生命的东西。the cover of the book, the door of the room　　
⑵用于较长定语修饰的有生命的东西。the story of Lei Feng, the classroom of Class 1　　
⑶用于名词化的词。the lives of poor children　　
⒋双重所有格：双重所有格指“of＋名词所有格”或“of＋名词性物主代词”。　　
⑴与a/an或数词连用，表部分。a photo of his brother’s他哥哥的一张照片, a cousin of mine　　
⑵与this, that, these, those等连用，表示感情色彩。that novel of Mary’s玛丽的那本小说　　
⑶注意双重所有格与of所有格的不同含义。　　
①He is a friend of my brother.我哥哥的一个朋友(强调我哥哥的朋友不止一个)，　　
②He is a friend of my brother我哥哥的朋友(强调他对我哥哥的友好)　　
㈢物主代词　　
⒈词形变化　　
物主代词分类　　
单数　　
复数　　
第一人称　　
第二人称　　
第三人称　　
第一人称　　
第二人称　　
第三人称　　
形容词性　　
my　　
your　　
his, her, its　　
our　　
your　　
their　　
名词性　　
mine　　
yours　　
his, hers, its　　
ours　　
yours　　
theirs　　
⒉物主代词的用法：　　
⑴形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中作定语，置于名词之前，其人称、数和性取决于它们所指代的名词和代词。　　
⑵名词性物主代词相当于名词，等于形容词性物主代词＋名词，不能用于名词之前，说话时要加重语气，其形式取决于它们所指代的名词或代词。e.g.　　
①Your shoes and mine are alike. ②Our house is opposite theirs. 　　
③My car has the same colour as yours. ④His toy is here. Where is hers? 　　
⑶名词性物主代词有时也与of连用，构成双重属格，表示部分概念，有感情色彩。　　
①He is a dear friend of mine. ②This dog of ours never bites.　　
⑷人称代词在名词前作主语或宾语，与名词是同位语关系；而物主代词在名词前用作定语，与名词是修饰关系。　　
①We students should study hard. ②Our students should pick up the litter after the picnic.　　
⑸物主代词不能与某些省略形式相混淆。its≠it’s, their≠they’re, theirs≠there’s, your≠you’re　　
㈣不定冠词a/an的基本用法　　
⒈表示“一个…, 一件…”。①There’s a policeman at the door. ②Pass me an apple, please.　　
⒉初次提起某人或某物，表示“一个”。There is a bottle on the table. The bottle is empty.　　
⒊表示非特指的任何“一个”，代表同类事物中的“一个”。 A camel is bigger
than a horse.　　
⒋用在表示时间、速度和价格等名词前，表示“每一”。twice a day, 　80 km　 an hour　　
⒌用在某些物质名词和抽象名词前，表示“一阵、一场”等。　　
a gentle wind一阵微风，a heavy rain一场大雨，be a big success很成功　　
⒍用在序数词前，表示“再一、又一”。a second time再一次(言外之意指第二次)　　
⒎习惯用不定冠词的短语：a bit/little, a cup/glass of, a few/little, a good/great many, a great deal of, a kind/type of, a (large) number of, a loaf of, a lot (of), a moment later, a pair of, a piece of, as a matter of fact, as a result, catch/have a cold, do sb a favour, have/take a bath, have/take a break, have a breath, have a chance, have a good/great time, have/live a happy life, have a headache, have/take a rest, have/take a swim, have a try, have a walk, pay a visit to, in a hurry　　
㈤定冠词the的基本用法　　
⒈指特定的人或物，意思是这个，那个，这些，那些。Do you like the books?　　
⒉前面提到的人、物或与其有关的事物。I got a letter just now. The letter was sent by e-mail. 　　
⒊双方都知道的人或物。Would you mind my opening the window? Look. Here comes the bus.　　
⒋世上独一无二的事物及自然现象。The moon moves around the earth.　　
⒌序数词前。June is the sixth month of the year.　　
⒍形容词、副词最高级前(副词前常省略the)。the best season of the year, work (the) hardest　　
⒎形容词前表示一类人或物。the rich, the young　　
⒏表乐器的名词前。play the piano弹钢琴, learn the guitar学吉他　　
⒐表姓氏的名词复数前，指全家人或全家人中的一些人，如夫妇俩等。the Blacks, the Zhangs　　
⒑表年代、朝代、时代的名词前。in the 1990’s 　　
⒒习惯用定冠词的固定短语：⑴all over the country/world⑵at the age of⑶at the beginning/end of⑷at the moment⑸at the top of one’s voice高声⑹by the way, in the distance在远处⑺in the east of⑻in the end⑼in the middle of⑽in the morning/afternoon/evening⑾on the air(用无线电)播送⑿on the left/right⒀on the phone⒁on the radio通过无线电⒂on the spot当场；到场⒃on the watch戒备；注意⒄on the way to⒅on the whole总的来说⒆on the one hand…⒇on the other hand…一方面…；另一方面…　　
⒓定冠词的位置：放在exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both等词之后。　　

(牛津初中英语总复习) 7B Unit 3
一.【精选词汇】　　
㈠重点短语　　
1. follow me＝come with me跟我来 (p42)　　
〈知识链接〉follow vt.跟随→following adj.接着的e.g. the following day第二天　　
〈用法拓展〉follow sb’s advice采纳某人的建议 e.g. follow the doctor’s advice遵从医嘱　　
2. don’t be afraid别怕→be afraid of＝be frightened of害怕…　　
〈知识链接〉⑴I’m afraid (that)…恐怕…。担心某事可能要发生或表示客气的回答。 e.g.　　
①I’m afraid that I’ll be late.恐怕我要迟到。②I’m afraid he is not in.对不起他不在。　　
⑵be afraid of sb/sth害怕某人或某物，be afraid of doing sth担心或害怕某事，be afraid to do sth(由于胆小)不敢做某事 e.g. ①Are you afraid of snakes? 　　
②He was afraid to walk across the one-logged bridge because he was afraid of falling into the river.因为他担心会掉进河里，他不敢过那个独木桥。　　
3. three men in police uniform三个穿警服的人 →介词短语in…作后置定语。 (p44)　　
4. get into…进入…→反义词：get out of…走出…　　
5. at once＝right away＝immediately立刻；马上，push…into…把…推进…　　
6. report to a policeman → report sth to sb向某人汇报某事　　
7. run away from Hill Building→ run away from…逃离某地　　
8. stop taking notes停止做笔录→stop doing停止做(意思是不做), stop to do停下来去做(做)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴We’re too tired. Let’s stop to take a rest. ⑵Stop talking. The teacher is coming.　　
9. laugh happily高兴地笑了，ask them about that →ask sb about sth询问某人有关某事　　
10. open the back door of the van with his knife＝use his knife to open the back door of the van　　
〈知识链接〉use sth to do sth＝do sth with sth用某物做某事 e.g. 　　
He climbed up the house with a ladder.＝He used a ladder to climb up the house.　　
11. have a barbecue吃烧烤，have a picnic野餐 (p55)　　
12. most students大多数学生, most＋名词复数, most of the＋名词复数或most of us/you/them　　
㈡词汇解析　　
1. push推＝use your hands to make something move forward，注意pull的意思是“拉”。　　
2. police uniform＝a set of clothes for the police，a set of…一套… 　　
3. 常见的交通标志(road signs)：No parking.禁止停车。straight on直行,turn left左转, turn right右转, traffic lights交通信号灯, crossroads十字路口, zebra crossing人行横道线；斑马线　　
4. railway station火车站。在英语中表示“××火车站”，使用…Station，而不是…Railway Station，如：Shanghai Station上海站(指上海火车站)　　
5. over越过，“穿过桥”有两种表达：walk over/across the bridge。up向上，walk up the steps走上台阶　　
二.【重点句型】　　
1. The zoo is north of Beijing Sunshine Secondary School. (p43)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴东east, 西west, 南south, 北north→news即north, east, west, south四个方向的首字母，所以news是不可数名词。⑵north-west西北, north-east东北, south-west西南, south-east东南，north, south在前, west, east在后。⑶be north of…在…以北，两者不接壤，不从属；其他的方向依此类推。e.g. 　Beijing is in north of Shandong. 　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴A be in the north of B. A在B的北部。前者从属于后者。Xuzhou is in the north of Jiangsu. ⑵A be on the north of B. A在B的北方。两地接壤。Beijing is on the n