新广州英语八年级下册U2bodylanguage语法词汇与练习.doc

U2 Body language 语法，词汇与练习

一、             动词-ing形式作主语
作主语的动词-ing形式具有名词的特征，有时又称为动名词。
1. 动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
ü 当作主语的-ing短语太长时，常用it作形式主语，而把-ing短语置于句子后部。
注意：在下列句式中常用动词-ing短语作主语。
It is no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/nice/a waste of time + doing.
二、             动词-ing形式作宾语
动词-ing形式作宾语时常跟在一些特殊的动词或动词短语的后面，如：
动词：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, suggest 等
短语：can’t help, feel like, give up, put off, be worth等
注意：
1. allow, advise, forbid, permit等词后面可以直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以接sb. to do结构。
如：They don’t allow smoking/us to smoke in the meeting room. 他们不允许在会议室吸烟。
2. forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, go on等后接动词-ing形式和不定式的含义有所不同。如：
I regretted making the speech at the meeting. 我后悔在会议上作了发言。
I regret to tell you that you are fired. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你被解雇了。
3. need, require, want作“需要”讲时，后面可以接动词-ing的主动式或不定式的被动式，其含义相同。如：
My bike needs repairing/to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。
Language（常用短语搭配）
be interested in, give up, think about, such as, feel like, insist on，
the key to, prefer to, look forward to,
be/get used to(习惯于), take to, pay attention to, in addition to…
have difficulty/problem in doing
spend…in doing sth.
it’s no use / good doing sth.
be busy doing sth…
三、             动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语的用法可以分为两种：一种是用来说明主语是什么，相当于名词；一种是说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，前面可以用very, quite等副词修饰。
四、             动词-ing形式作状语
1. 动词-ing形式作状语时与句子的主语之间是主动关系，常用来表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、伴随等意义。如：
Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。（表示时间）
Not knowing her telephone number, I couldn’t ring her up. 由于不知道她的电话号码，我无法打电话给她。（表示原因）
Her mother died, leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters. 她母亲死了，抛下她和四个妹妹。 （表示结果）
Working hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功。（表示条件）
Mr. Green sat at the table reading China Daily. 格林先生坐在桌子旁边看《中国日报》。（表示伴随）
3、 动名词的复合结构作主语和宾语
什么是动名词的复合结构？指物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语、动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。
(1)动名词复合结构作主语
e.g. Your coming made us happy.
Your father’s cooking is very good.
(2) 动名词的复合结构作宾语
e.g. Do you mind my smoking?
My friend insisted on my staying here.

Step V: Do some practices

Unit 1 Reading A
1. Where does the story take place?

2. Who are the two people sitting at the desks?

3. Which of the two looks more friendly?

Reading Task 1 读文章，完成下面的表格

Debbie
Simon
head

eyes

smile or not

Simon is phoning a friend. Complete the speech below with the words in the story. Put one word in each blank.A3

Put the events of the story in the correct order.A4

根据课文填空
Debbie and Simmon are _______ students. They have __________ jobs at a travel agency. One day, an old lady entered their office. Debbie greeted her __________. Simon sighed and took some papers over to the _____ machine.
He didn’t know why the people ________ Debbie ___ him. Then, Chris, a senior member of staff told him. _______________ is not just speaking. Body language is very important. Simon often rest his head _____ his hand and never smile.
The way he looked at people didn’t give them a good __________. But Debbie held head up. She smiled before _________ to the people . That’s why the people go to her for help and not Simon.

一、 根据句意和首字母填空
1. If I forget that thing, please r__________ me.
2. He has provided the k__ to the whole problem so that we can solve it soon.
3. He was my roommate in c___________. Since graduation, we have been neighbors.
4. English people do not use as many g______ as Italians when they are talking.
5. I’ll go to Japan next month, So I went to the travel a_______ yesterday.

6. When they saw their team scored, they cheered them c_________.
7. Without h________, he went over me and gave ma a hand.
8. Do you have a f_______ machine at home. I want to send the messages.
9. Please s_______ your name here, Bob. Don’t s_______ any more.everything will be OK soon.
10. You’d better make a good i__________ on your teacher when you first meet them.

二、 选择填空
( ) 1. Tom beat Jack on ______ nose.
A. the B. her C. his D. a
( ) 2. ______, be good to your parents. Then say thanks to them.
A. In all B. First of all C. After all D. At all
( ) 3. They see _____ their eyes and hear _____ their ears.
A. on, on B. with, with C. in, in D. by, by
( ) 4. The music CLAIR DE LUNE（月光曲） makes you feel ______.
A. in the air B. on the sky C. like a bird D. on the top of the world
( ) 5. ______ the books have you read?
A. What B. Which C. What of D. Which of
( ) 6. He has _____ things to do during the holidays.
A. much B. plenty of C. more D. a great deal of
( ) 7. ---Please send this letter off at_______. ----Very good, sir.
A. all B. once C. time D. thins
( ) 8. Users son make the connection, probably without even _____ about it.
A. think B. thought C. thinking D. thinks
( ) 9. This is a piece of paper _____ answers _____ these questions on it.
A. with, of B.with, to C.for, of D. for, to
( )10English well is very important to us.
A. Learn B. having learned C.Learning D. learnt
( )11.He prefers fish _______ chicken.
A. to B. than C. with D. from
( )12.He _______ his head _________, as if there was nobody there.
A. holds, up B. held, up C. held, down D. holds, down
( )13.The teacher went into the classroom with _________ on her face.
A. a big smile B. a big laugh
C. a little smile D. big smile
( )14.In the past, he didn’t get _________ to go to school.
A. a change B. chance C. change D. a chance
( )15. The girl made a good impression _______ us.
A. on B. of C. with D. to

学科特色：
1、take, spend, cost, pay 四个花费
take It takes sb 钱/ 时间 to do sth
问句：“How long does it take … to do sth? ”
“How much does it take … to do sth? ”

spend 人 spend 钱/时间 on sth/ (in) doing sth
cost 物 cost sb 钱
　　　pay 人　pay 钱 for sth

　　建立这个图书馆花费了他们多少钱？
　　How much did ______ ______ _______ ______ build this library?
　　Tom 每天晚上花两小时完成作业。
　　_______ _______ Tom two hours ________ _______ his homework every night.
　　昨天我们花了三小时去滑雪。
　　We ________ three hours in ________ ________ yesterday.
　　我和我父母花了一星期参观湖南，那里很漂亮。
　　My parents and I ________ one week _________ Hunan. It's very beautiful there.

A、重点单词
1、communication n 交际；交流

拓展： v 交流
is the most important tool in .
语言是最重要的交际工具。

accept v接受（建议、邀请等）
She offered him a lift and he it. 她
反义词： reject v 拒绝
The chief editor his suggestion. 主编拒绝了他的建议。
拓展：acceptance n接受 rejection n 拒绝

meaning n 意思
I cannot understand the of these symbols. 我没法理解这些符号的含义。

gesture n 手势
The children were amused at his funny gestures. 他滑稽的手势把孩子都逗乐了。

v 信息；消息
传话： 留言

6、boring 和 bored
令人无聊的： 自己感觉到无聊的：

形容词+ed 修饰人
形容词+ing 修饰物、人
同样的还有interesting 和 interested
The book is , so I feel .
这本书很无聊，因此我对它毫无兴趣。

7、part-time adj 兼职的
拓展：full-time adj 专职的
part-time job 兼职

sigh v 叹气；叹息 n 叹气；叹息
Stop . 别叹气了。

matter n （询问某人的情况）怎么了
What’s the matter with your office?
你办公室出了什么事？

expression n 表情；神色
拓展： v 表达

appearance n 外貌
　　　impress v 给……留下深刻的印象 impression n 印象
　　　第一印象：
　　　给……留下好的印象： …

towards prep 向，朝，对着，对于，关于
　　　I saw her walking the bank.
　　　attitude towards sth面对某事的态度
to 与towards的区别
go to school 可能要转弯之类，并不是一直面对着学校径直走去！
towards 强调径直走去

13、later adv/adj 以后；后来
later on 后来；以后；过一阵子
I’ll speak to Patty alone. 等一会儿，我会单独和帕蒂谈话。

remind v 提醒；使想起
remind sb of / about sth 提醒某人某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
hold held held
使保持（在……位置） Hold your
拿着 She is holding her diary and a pen.
举行 The Olympic Games are held every four years.
保留；保存 We can hold your reservation(预定） until next Tuesday.
能容纳 One CD-ROM can hold over 100,000 pages of text.

B、重点短语
发生：
做起来，熬夜：
旅游社：
走到……去：walk over to
离开：walk away 过来：come over
问候某人 sb a = greet sb
兼职：
怎么了？ ？
代替：instead 与instead of 的区分
instead of 后接动名词或代词 instead 单独使用作adv，常置于句首或句末
Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us. 他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。
I will go instead of you. 我会代替你去的。
We’ve no coffee. Would you like some tea instead? 我们没有咖啡，你喝茶行吗？
We didn’t go there by car. Instead, we took a plane. 我们没有坐车去那里，而是坐了飞机。

改写：She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她成天打网球，而不学习。
, she plays tennis all day.

怎么会？ ？
获得做某事的机会。 to do sth
给某人留下一个印象：
=
be more than just 不仅仅是
　　　Communication is more than just speaking. 沟通不仅仅是说话。
举起、抬起、支撑： 抬着头 hold one’s head up
sb 寻找某人的帮助
(A few ) minutes later 几分钟后 过了一会儿：(A few )
马上 = right now / right away / without delay / immediately
the way +名词 ……的方式
It’s the way you communicate. 那是（因为）你的沟通方式。
眼神交流： 转移目光；看别处：
……的关键
It can be the key to communication. 这是沟通的关键。

C、重点语法
非谓语动词
不定式（to do ，动名词，现在分词，过去分词）
　　　在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍然保留动词的某些特征，在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语。

非谓语动词的常见搭配如下：
谓语v. + to do (否定 not to do)
want to do decide to do
offer to do pretend to do
agree to do fail to do
hope to do hesitate to do
refuse to do arrange to do
manage to do plan to do
choose to do intend to do
promise to do happen to do

谓语v. +sb. / sth. + to do (否定 not to do)
ask sb. to do encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do warn sb. to do
invite sb. to do require sb. to do
persuade sb. to do inspire sb. to do
teach sb. to do order sb. to do
force sb. to do forbid sb. to do
advise sb. to do wish sb. to do
expect sb. to do enable sb. to do

谓语v.+doing
finish doing insist doing
enjoy doing be busy doing
practice doing
mind doing give up doing
keen on doing be used to doing
consider doing look forward to doing
miss doing pay attention to doing
avoid doing suggest doing

使役动词+sb./sth.+do (否定 not do)
let sb. do
make sb. do
have sb. do

有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式to do，也可以加动名词doing。但它们的中文意思不同。
stop to do 停止正在做的事去做另一件事 （做）
stop doing 停止正在做的事（不做了）

remember to do 记得去做 （未做）
remember doing 记得做过 （已做）

forget to do 忘记去做某事 （未做）
forget doing 忘记做了某事 （已做）

go on to do 做完一件事后继续去做另外一件事
go on doing 继续做正在做的事

try to do 尽力/设法去做
try doing 尝试去做

need to do 需要做
need doing 需要被做

感观动词+sb./sth. +do./doing 但意思有区别
watch
see sb. do.
　　hear sb. doing

含有感观动词和使役动词的句子变被动语态时，非谓语动词的形式如下：
be + 谓语v. + to do
be + 谓语v. + doing
let sb. do → be let to do
watch sb. doing → be watched doing
hear sb. doing → be heard doing
watch sb. do → be watched to do
see sb. do → be seen to do
hear sb. do → be heard to do
make sb. do → be made to do

介词+doing
instead of doing after/before/without doing
be interested in doing be/feel frightened of doing
be surprised /amazed at doing except (for) doing
be good/bad/poor at doing

掌握下列常见的句型及固定搭配
Why not do
in order to do
find/think it adj. to do
It’s adj. (for/of) + to do
adj. +enough +to do
Doing sth. is …… / To do sth. is ……
It takes ……to do
prefer to do ……rather than ……
It’s time for (doing)
had better (not) do
would you like to do / feel like doing
Would you please do (not do)……？
Thank you for doing sth.
used to do / be used to doing
spend ……on sth. / (in) doing sth.
prefer doing to doing
prefer to do rather than do
would rather do …… than do
It’s time to do……
分词 （现在分词、过去分词）
在句中可作表语宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

现在分词：具有主动和进行的意味，现在分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系。
过去分词：具有被动和完成的意味，过去分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系。
The girl singing for us is ten years old.
She is there waiting for us.
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital.
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientises.

中考题链接：
非谓语动词
–Do you mind my _______ here?
-________. Look at the sign. It says, “No, smoking”.
A. to smoke, Of course not B. smoking, You’d better not
C. to smoke, No, I don’t D. smoking, Never mind
–Oh, I had a terrible toothache.
-You’d better _______ see s doctor and have your bad teeth _______ out.
A. go to, pulled B. to go to, pulled C. go to, pulling D. to go to, pulling
I prefer ________ at home to _______ outside.
A. to stay, playing B. to stay, play C. staying, play D. staying, playing
Doctor Wang often asks us ________ too much meat.
A. don’t eat B. not eat C. not to eat D. doesn’t eat
All my classmates are busy ________ ready for PE test.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. got
Let’s stop _______ a rest. We’ll begin again after 10 minutes.
A. have B. having C. to have D. has
It’s a nice day. What about ________ our dog after supper?
to walk B. walked C. walk D. Walking

He likes _______ table tennis but he doesn’t like ________ today.
A. to play, to play B. playing, playing
C. playing, to play D. to play, playing
Peter is busy _______ at school, but he never forgets ________ exercise every day.
A. working, doing B. working, to do C. at work, doing
You can never imagine the great difficulty I had _______ her QQ number.
A. to get B. getting C. got D. not to get
–What about ________ hiking this Sunday?
-Great. I’d like ________ with you.
A. to go, going B. going, going C. going, to go
Many people