英语中名词的用法.pdf

一、英一、英语语中各种中各种词词性的用法及解性的用法及解释释1.名名词词 名名词词可以分可以分为专为专有名有名词词（Proper Nouns）和普通名）和普通名词词(Common Nouns）。）。专专有名有名词词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专专有的名称，如有的名称，如 Beijing，China 等。等。（不是（不是专专有名有名词词就是普通名就是普通名词词）（1（名名词变词变复数的方法复数的方法1)规则规则的的变变复数的方法复数的方法情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smap-maps bag-bagscar-cars以 s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加-esbus-buses watch-watches以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变 y 为 i再加 esbaby-babies2)不不规则变规则变化情况化情况 以以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加加 s，如：photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos；b.加加 es，如：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes（基本规律：有生命性质的词在后面加（基本规律：有生命性质的词在后面加 es，否则加，否则加 s）以以f或或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：结尾的名词变复数时：a.加加 s，如：belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b.去去 f,fe 加加-ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化 child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women单复同形如单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。以以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。news 是不可数名词。是不可数名词。(2)名词的格名词的格 1)在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：2)单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有 s，也要加s，如 the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加，如：the workers struggle 工人的斗争。4）凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。5）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。6）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。如：Johns and Marys room（两间）John and Marys room（一间）例题解析1.They got much _ from those new books.A.ideas B.photos C.news D.stories2.I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A.orange,orange B.oranges,oranges C.oranges,orange D.orange,oranges3.Every evening M r.King takes a _ to his home.A.25 minutes walk B.25 minutes walk C.25 minute walk D.25 minutes walk解析:句中的 minute 应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此选 A。4.An old _ wants to see you.A.people B.person C.the people D.the person 解析:person 与 people 都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“a person”,“两个人”用“two persons”;people 泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数,the people 指“人民”,a people 指“一个民族”.应选 B。5.Help yourself to _.A.chickens and apples B.chickens and apple C.chicken and apple D.chicken and apples解析:chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple 为可数名词,故应+s,因此选 D。6.Oh,dear.I forgot the two _.A.rooms number B.rooms number C.room numbers D.rooms numbers解析:room number 房间号码.room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有 my phsics teacher,two bus drivers 等.应选 C。7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _.A.family B.house C.home D.room解析:family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house 指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家,因此选 C.8._ mothers couldnt go to the meeting,because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peters B.Mary and Peter C.Marys and Peter D.Marys and Peters解析:此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选 D。9.Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A.her uncle B.her uncles C.her uncles D.aunts 解析:此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选 B。10.He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A.many experiences B.much experience C.an experience D.a lot experience解析:experience 作“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of,lots of,plenty of 只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选 B。11.A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A.you B.your C.your sister D.your sisters解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选 D。12.A group of _ are talking with two _.A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Germans,Frenchmans C.Frenchmans,Germen D.Germen,Frenchmen 解析:Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen;German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选 A.13.The team _ having a meeting.A.is B.are C.am D.be解析:team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组),也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选 B。14.“Would you like _?”“_,please.”A.drink,Three coffees B.a cup of drink,Coffees C.a drink,A coffee D.a drink,Three cups of coffees解析:drink 和 coffee 是不可数名词,可以用of 来表示数量,eg,three cups of coffee,当前面加 a 时,则表示“一杯”因此选 C。15.The Great Wall was made not only by _,but also the flesh and blood of _ men.A.earth and stone,millions of B.earths and stones,millions C.the earth and stone,million of D.the earths and stones,millions解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除 B D,数以百万的应为 millions of.因此选 A。选择最佳答案：1 Last night,there was a food accident.The _ were ill,but no _ were lost.A.child,lives B.children,life C.children,lives D.child,life 2.-This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK,how happy they both looked!A.my father and mother B.my mother and fathers C.my mothers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother 3.The new student is in _,Grade Two.A.Class Third B.Third Class C.Class Three D.Three class 4Today is September 10th.Its _ Day.Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers 5.The market isnt far from here.Its only _ bicycle ride.A.half an hours B.half an hours C.half an hour D.an hour and a half 6.-What would you like to drink,girls?-_,pleaseA.Two cup of coffee B.Two cups of coffe C.Two cups of coffee D.Two cups of coffees 7.During Christmas,people get together and sing Christmas songs for _.A.fun B.wishes C.interest D.thanks 8.Some _ are flying kites near the river.A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs 9.After the exam,well have_ holiday.A.two weeks B.two-weeks C.two weeks D.two weeks 10.They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus.A.visitor B.visitors C.visitors D.visitors 11.-How many workers are there in your factory?-There are two _.A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundred of D.hundreds of 12.-What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?-It sounds really wonderful.A.subject B.music C.book D.animal 13.There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge.A.place B.room C.field D.ground 14._ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A.Wool B.Pork C.Mutton D.Milk15.If you dont take more _,youll get fat.A.medicine B.lessons C.photos D.exercise16.My school is about twenty _ walk from here.A.minute B.minutes C.minutess D.minutes17.Mum,I have _ to tell you!A.a good news B.some good news C.some good newes D.much good news18.Which is the _ to the post office?A.street B.way C.road D.address19.I stayed at _ last Sunday.A.my uncles B.my uncles C.my uncles D.my uncles family20.Maths _ not easy to learn.A.are B.is C.am D.were 1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBC2.形容形容词词 A“How can I learn English well?”This is a question many students ask.In my opinion,the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart.If you can recite the text and write it out,youve learned it fairly well.And if you can tell,in your own words,what the lesson says youre a very successful learner indeed.Your English will be quite perfect.This is a difficult task.However,if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson,youll find it not half so hard as you might have thought.Learning this way,you will make rapid progress.Of course,writing is also necessary.It helps you a lot on our way to success in English.Equally important is to feel the language.You should be able to laugh at jokes and be shocked at bad news.When using English,try to forget your mother tongue.Instead of helping you,your own language gets in your way.So,never try to see English through translation.1.In the writers opinion,the most effective way in learning English is _.A.to practise speaking,writing and feeling itB.to forget your own native languageC.to translate everything into his own languageD.to memorize the English words and grammatical rules2.“Instead of helping you,your own language gets in your way.”This sentence means that memorizing your own language can _.A.help you to study English well B.stop you mastering EnglishC.make English easy to learn D.help you notice mistakes3.Equally important is to feel the language.“to feel the language”here means_.A.to get a knowledge of English by touchingB.to be able to read and write EnglishC.to translate English into your own by imaginingD.to be able to experience the rich sensation of the languageBWhen we can see well,we do not think about our eyes often.It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes.Many people who do a lot of close work,such as writing and reading,become nearsighted.Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem.They can see things that are far away,but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arms length.If they want to do much reading,they must get glasses too.Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape.This,too,can be corrected by glasses.Some peoples eyes become cloudy because of cataracts.Long ago these people often became blind.Now,however,it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.When night falls,colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear.After your eyes have grown used to the dark,you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers.Sometimes,after dark,you see a small thing to one side of you,which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction.This is because when you turn your head,you are looking?at the thing too directly.Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them.When they turn to look straight at it,they can not see it any more,and they believe they were mistaken.However,this mistake happens because the center of the eye,which is very sensitive in daylight,is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.1.We dont know that our eyes are of great importance until _.A.we think about our eyes B.we cannot see clearly C.we wear glasses D.we have to do much reading2.According to the passage,a _ is more likely to be nearsighted.A.tailor B.doctor C.guard D.painter3.People who are farsighted _.A.cannot do a lot of close work without glassesB.can only see things that are very close to their eyesC.have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arms lengthD.have the same problem as the nearsighted people4.To see a small thing at night,it is better to look _.A.with wide open eyes B.with half shut or narrowed eyesC.straight at it D.in a slightly different directionCTrees are useful to man in three important ways:they give him wood and other useful things,they give him cool places,and they help to stop drought and flood.Unluckily,in many parts of the world,man has not found that the third of these points is the most important.Man wants to make money from trees,so he has cut them down in large numbers,only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.And also,he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees.So the forests slowly disappear.This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees.The results are even worse:for where there are trees,their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also bind the soil,thus stopping it from being washed away easily;but where there are no trees,the rain falls on hard ground and flows away,causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil.When all the top-soil is gone,nothing is left but useless desert.1.The most important points of trees to man is _.A.they help him to make money Bthey give him cool C.they give him wood and other thingsD.they help him to stop drought and floods2.In many places forests slowly disappear because _.A.many trees have been cut down by manB.new trees are not well looked after C.man has not paid enough attention to planting treesD.all the above3.Land becomes desert after all trees are cut down because _A.roots of trees break up the soil B.there are too many rainfallsC.strong winds bring a lot of sandD.there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.4.Which title best fits the passage?A.Trees and Man B.The Function of Tree WoodC.How do People do with Trees?D.The Usage of Tree Roots英语完形填空练习 These days computer games have become more and more popular in many cities and towns.A lot of small shops along busy _1_ have changed into computer game houses in order to get more _2_ .These places are always crowded with people.In the computer game houses,people 3 a lot of money matching on the machines,Its 4 for one to beat a computer,but one can do well after trying again and again.People want to 5 when they play computer games.The more they 6 ,the more they want to win,and at last they even cant 7 without it.The result is that some people don t want to 8 and they play in computer game houses for hours and hours.For school boys,things are 9 .They dont want to have 10 .When school is over,they rush to the computer game houses near their 11 .Some of them can get enough money from their 12 .Some of them are_13_enough to get the money.So they have to steal or rob others and become 14 .Computer game addiction(上瘾)is a 15 problem in our life.Something has to be done to stop it.()1.A.streets B.schools C.towns D.cities()2.A.boys B.money C.computers D.houses()3.A.take B.spend C.cost D.pay()4.A.possible B.easy C.good D.hard()5.A.read B.learn C.win D.download()6.A.lose B.try C.waste D.watch()7.A.come B.eat C.study D.live()8.A.watch TV B.go out C.stay there D.work()9.A.better B.exciting C.even worse D.interesting()10.A.lessons B.games C.families D.sports()11.A.classes B.rooms C.schools D.shops()12.A.classmates B.teachers C.sisters D.parents()13.A.lucky B.unlucky C.careful D.polite()14.A.good B.bad C.rich D.poor()15.A.important B.serious C.unusual D.wonderful1.1-5 ABBDC 6-10 ADDCA 11-15 CDBBB