英语常用修辞格分类.pdf

Figures of SpeechSimile(明喻):Wrong ideas may harm man just like diseases.Her face is as white as a paper.Metaphor(暗喻):He is the soul of the team.My desk is flooded with paper.There are a few lordly poplars before the house.The charcoal fire glowed and dimmed rhythmically to the stroke of the bellowsPersonification(拟人):The leaves are trembling in the cold wind.Metonymy(转喻,借代):His unfriendly tongue surprised her.The grey hair should be respect.Synecdoche(提喻，部分整体):The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.They share the same roof.England won the football.Euphemism(委婉):He unfortunately passed away last year.He is out visiting the necessary.Irony(反语):You are a fine goalkeeper,allowing the other side to score six goals.Overstatement/hyperbole(夸大的叙述):Thanks a million.She wept oceans of tears.His anger nearly burst his belly.His friends praised his daughters performance to the skies.She eats like a bird.Understatement(保守的陈述):“What do you think of the roast duck?”“Not bad.”He has got heart trouble,but it is nothing serious.Transferred epithet(转移修饰语):The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder.He crashed down on a protesting chair.1/3 Oxymoron(矛盾修饰法):She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.Parting is such a sweet sorrow.Alliteration(头韵):Time and tide wait for no man.Pun(双关):They pray for you today and prey on you tomorrow.Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong,but little sense of right andleft.Customer:Waiter,will the pancakes be long?-Waiter:No,sir,round.In the window of a hearing-aid shop:“Trust us,over 5000 ears (years)ofexperience.”-Why can you never expect a fisherman to be so generous?-Because his business makes him sell fish(selfish).Analogy(类比):Knowledge is to the mind what nutrition is to the body.Antonomasia(换称,专有名词代普通名词,人名、地名)He spent the whole winter in the Windy City.(Chicago)Shanghai is the New York of China.Allusion(暗示):Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。（希腊神话中的勇士 Achilles除了脚踵处身上其他地方刀枪不入）Onomatopoeia(拟声):It was a summer day in the countryside,hot and stuff with crickets creaking,frogs croaking and dogs growling;suddenly the terrifying tap-tap-tap noise camefrom the shadows.Innuendo(暗讽):The weatherman said it would be warm.He must take his readings in abathroom.After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.Antithesis(对照,对仗):Art is long,life is short.（单词）We found ourselves rich in goods,but ragged in minds.（短语）My fellow Americans,ask not what your country can do for you,but what youcan do for your country.（从句）2/3 An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity;a pessimist sees a calamity inevery opportunity.（句子）Apostrophe(顿呼):Judge,O you gods,how dearly Caesar loved him.England!Awake!Awake!Awake!Epigram(警句):Character is destiny.Action is eloquence.Shakespeare (15641616)As long as I have a want,I have a reason for living.G.B.Shaw(18561950)Climax(层进):I am sorry,I am so very sorry,I am so extremely sorry.（程度）He gazed upon the pretty houses,the green hills and the broad Pacific.（范围）The prisoner was first questioned,then tortured,and finally shot.（时间）Anticlimax(突降):We had plenty of company in the way of wagon-loads and mule-loads oftouristsand dust.(Mark Twain,A Tramp Abroad)Friendship is really sweet and holy,if he or she doesnt ask to borrow moneyfrom youParadox(似非而是的隽语):The more you give,the more you have.Sometimes,the most urgent and vital thing you should do is to take a completerest.No news is good news.Syllepsis(一语双叙):He lost the game and his temper.Yesterday he has a blue heart and coat.She departed in tears and a taxi.Ten minutes later,the coffee and my client arrived simultaneously.Zeugma(轭式搭配):The sun shall not burn you by day,nor the moon by night.3/3