英语中的主谓一致.pdf

1 英语主谓一致英语主谓一致 一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。一、语法上一致 1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。Much milk is offered to him.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.To nod ones head means agreement.What they said is true.2 and 连接主语时，注意以下几点：1）由 and,bothand 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当 and 连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.2)凡是由 eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many a and many a连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.No boy and no girl doesnt go to school at the age of seven in this village.3)由 and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.4)不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain.5)凡由 and 连接两个带 the(a 或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带 the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio.The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.6)由 and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。The teacher,and perhaps his students too,is likely to be present.7)What 从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me.What I say and do is my own affair.8)由 and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。When and where to build the new factory _yet.(MET1991)A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided 3 主语+介词（短语）：with,except,as well as,no less than,rather than,more than,over,besides,together with,like,including,in addition to 等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV.The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.考例：1）E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important role in our daily life(1999 上海)A playing B play C plays D have played 2)A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990)A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 4 不定代词 either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,no one,nobody,some one,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither 等作主语时，谓语用单数，none 做主语时谓语单复数均可。There is nothing wrong with the machine.Either of the shirts fits me very well.None of the farmers has(have)been abroad.5 many a(an)+名词和 more than one+名词做主语时谓语用单数。2 Many an apple is in the basket.More than one stamp has been collected by her.6 在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。Three and four is(are)seven.Two times ten is(are)twenty.7 当 kind of,pair of,type of 等做主语时，谓语与 of 前的 kind,pair,type 等保持一致。如：This pair of trousers fits you.The kind of the apple tastes delicious.8 当 a lot of,lots of,plenty of 等短语作主语时，谓语与 of 后的保持一致。There are plenty of eggs in the basket.Lots of meat has been sold out.考例：As a result of destroying the forests,a large_ of desert_ covered the land.(2001 上海)A number,has B quantity,has C number,have D quantity,have 9 当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.70 percent of people have known about the truth.考例：_ of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass.(2000 上海)A Two fifth,is B Two fifth,are C Two fifth,is D Two fifths,are 10 在 one of+复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是 one of结构，定语从句用复数，若是 the(only)one of 结构，定语从句用单数。Zhou xia is one of the girls who like hiking.Tian lili is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.考例：He is the only of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years.(2002 上海)A is B are C have been D has been 11“a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”the number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。The number of books is no more than 100,but a number of them is of little use.考例：the number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _absent for different reasons.(NMET 1996)A were,was B was,was C was,were,D were,were 二、意义上一致 1 当表示时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。Ten years is quite a long time.2 当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。The rich live a happy life,while the poor live a hard life.The wounded is our captain.3 当 maths(mathematics),politics,physics 等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人的某方面时，谓语用复数。Maths is difficult to learn.His physics are poor.4 用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.The United States is a developed country.5 如果名词词组的中心词是 all,most,half,rest,part 等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。（单独 all 作主语，指人用复数，指物用单数）。All of the rubbish was cleared away.All of the classmates have passed the examination.6 当集合名词 family,class,army,group,team,enemy,government,public,couple 等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果看作其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。Class 3 are unable to agree on the plan.His family has just moved to Beijing.7 有的名词如 police,cattle,people,clothes,trousers 等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如 sheep,deer,aircraft,mean,fish,works,species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确3 定其谓语的单复数形式。Shortly after the accident,the police were sent to keep order.考例：Every possible means_ to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear(2000 上海)。A is used B are used C has been used D have been used 三、就近一致 1 连词 or,eitheror,notbut,neithernor,not onlybut also,whetheror 等连词并列作主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。Either you or I am going to answer his question.Not only he but also his friends have been to New York.考例：Either you or the headmaster_ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting(1994 上海)A is handing out B are to hand out C are handing out D is to hand out 2 在 there be 结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的，即每一个主语一致。如：There is a desk and three chairs in the room.There are three chairs and a desk in the room.Addition:表达祝愿的句型。表达祝愿的句型。1)I/We/Let us+wish sb.+sth.I wish you happiness.I wish you a full recovery.I wish you every success in your new post.Let us wish you the very best of luck.2)主语（I We Let us）+wish+sb.+to do sth.I wish you to succeed in your performance.Let us wish you to win still greater victories in the scientific research.3)主语(I We)hope+宾语从句 I hope all is going well with your family.4)May+主语+动词原形+其它 May you both be always happy.May you return safe and sound.May all happiness attend you.5)主语（I/We/let me）+send/offer+宾语+for Let me offer my hearty good wished for your success.6)名词to sb.Success to you all!A good journey to you!Good luck to everyone!1.Writing stories and articles _ what Im fond of.A is B were C are D have been 2.Either you or I_ going to attend the meeting.A is B are C am D will 3.-Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.So do I.A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.to hope 4.The singer and composer _coming next Monday.A is B are C were D was 5.The young _to be rude to the old in some areas nowadays A seem B seems C seeming D seemed 6.Lily is one of the students who_ skating.A likes B like C liked D liking 7.Of the making of good books there is no end;neither _ any end to their influence on mans lives.A.there is B.there are C.is there D.are there 8.Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal,_?A.isnt it B,is it C.isnt he D.is he 9.It was only with the help of the local guide _.4 A.was the mountain climber rescued B.that the mountain climber was rescued C.when the mountain climber rescued D.then the mountain climber was rescued 10.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _ that Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 11.Seventy percent of the students here _ from the countryside.A.is B.are C.comes D.has come 12.Threefourths of the homework _ today.A.has finished B.has been finished C.have finished D.have been finished 13.Only _ in the school _ been repaired.A.one third of the desks;has B.one third desks;have C.one third of the desks;have D.one third of desks;have 14.About 40 _ of the population of that country _ on farms.A.percent;lives B.percent;live C.percents;live D.percents;lives 15.More than 60 percent of worlds radio programmes _ in English.A.is B.was C.are D.be 16.The total number of the population in China _ about 100 million on April 14,1989.A.added up B.was C.were D.rose 17.A large number of the students in our class _ girls.A.are B.was C.is D.be 18.The number of students of this school _ large.A.are B.was C.is D.be 19.The whole class _ the teacher attentively.A.are listening to B.is listening to C.are listening D.is listening 20.The Chinese people _ hardworking and brave.A are B.is C.has been D.are being 21.The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A.is searching for B.were searching for C.are searching for D.were searching 22.Those who _ in _ compositions,please hand them in this afternoon.A.hasnt handed;his B.havent handed;his C.has handed;their D.have handed;his 23.Jane is one of the best students in her class who _ by their teacher.A.are praised B.is praised C.praised D.praising 24.He is the only one of the students who _ elected.A.are B.have C.has D.is 25The subject of physics _ always interested him.A.has B.have C.is D.are 26.There _ plenty of rain in the summer.A is B are C has D have 27.The United States of America _one of the most largest countries in the world.A.is B.are C.was D.were 28.The Olympic Games _ held every _ years.A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five 29.Her _ to her childrens faults _ quite extraordinary.A.blind;is B.blind;are C.blindness;is D.blindness;are 30.Where _ rubbish,there are flies.A.there are B.there is C.is D.there has 31.The news of victories _ spending far and wide.5 A.is B.are C.have been D.were 32.A great deal of energy _ this way.A.are wasted B.were wasted C.is wasted D.wastes 33.The paper for books and newspapers _ made of wood.A.are B.is C.have D.has 34.The air in big cities _ very dirty.A.are often made B.is often made C.have often made D.has often made 35.The rest of the apples in our class _within half an hour.A.is sold out B.are sold out C.was sold out D.were sold out 36.“All _ present and all _ going on well.”our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are 37.The rich _ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have 38._ can be done _ been done.A.All;have B.All that;have C.All;has D.All that;has 39.Many a man _ come to help us.A.have B.has C.is D.are 40.What you said just now _ the matter we are discussing.A.have something to do at B.has something to do with C.had something to do with D.has been something to with 41.Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have studied C.studies D.study 42.No one but her parents _ it.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are knowing 43.Alice,together with the two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A.was punished B.punished C.were punished D.being punished 44.Everyone here,including children and old people,_ in for sports.A.go B.going C.to go D.goes 45.I,who _ your teacher,will try my best to help you with your study.A.be B.am C.are D.is 46.It is I who _ wrong.A.is B am C.are D.is 47.No bird and no beast _ in the lonely island.A.are seen B.is seen C.see D.sees 48.Every means _ prevent the water from _.A.are used to;polluting B.get used to;polluting C.is used to;polluted D.is used to;being polluted 49.Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting both of us _ good at painting.A.are;are B.am;are C.is;is D.are;is 50.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow.A.is B.are C.are going D.have 51.Neither my father nor I _ at home.A.am B.is C.are D.be 52.Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.like D.is like 53.In winter wet clothes _ near fire.A.often hanged up B.are often hanged up C.is often hung up D.are often hung up 6 54.Apples of this kind _.A.tastes good B.tastes well C.taste good D.taste well 55.Your trousers _ dirty,you must have _ washed.A.is;it B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them 56.The league secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is B.was C.are D.were 57.John has two brothers,but either _ out of work now.A.are B.is C.has D.have 58.The results of the exam _ that you have all made great _.A.show;progress B.shows;progress C.show;progresses D.shows;progresses 59._ a good enough price for this book.A.Two yuans are B.Two yuan are C.Two yuans is D,Two yuan is 60.Many people say 10,000 _ a lot of money.A.dollar is B.dollars are C.dollars is D.dollar are 61.What we need _ good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has 62.Professor Wu,with three lecturers,_ attending a symposium(专题研讨会)in Shanghai on energy now.A is B are C was D were 63.One and a half hours _ passed.A has B are C is D have 64.Many a student _ going to take part in the exam next month.A is B is to C are D was 65.What matters_ not winning but participating.A are B to be C was D is 66.Every possible means _used to save the panda.A has been B have been C are D has 67.John is the only one of the students who _ to France.A has been B have been C had been D goes 68.Physics _ very difficult to learn.A is not B are not C were not D wasnt 69.The number of the books _ 500,but a number of them _of little#118alue.A is,are B are,are C is,is D are,is 70.Nobody but San and Ann _ in the lab.A are B had been C were D is