裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第86课.doc

Lesson 86 Out of control 失控
【New words and expressions】（11）
swing （swung ,swung） v. 转向 speedboat n. 快艇
desperately adv. 绝望地 companion n. 同伙，伙伴
water ski （由快艇牵引水橇）滑水 buoy n. 浮标
dismay n. 沮丧 tremendous adj. 巨大的
petrol n. 汽油 drift v. 漂动，漂流
gently adv. 缓慢地，轻轻地
一．單詞講解：
★ swing （1） v. 转向、突然轉向、轉變方向、轉變思想
（swung ,swung）
eg：I wanted to swing round and shout at him . 我想转向他吼叫。
eg：That bicycle will swing around the corner .
那輛自行車將在轉彎處轉彎。
eg：It’s impossible to swing a car in such a narrow path like this .
這樣一個狹窄的道路上不可能掉轉汽車方向的。
no room to swing a cat ＝ no enough room to swing a cat
無轉身之地、過於狹窄
（2） v. 擺動、使擺動
eg：It’s bad manners to awing your legs while eating .
吃飯時晃動雙腳是不禮貌的。
eg：The monkey is swinging itself from tree to tree.
猴子在樹上從這棵樹蕩到那棵樹。
（3） n. 擺動、振動
eg：The swing of the ship makes me sick .船的晃動讓我感到想吐。
（4） n.鞦韆
eg：There are some swings in the park . 公園裡有許多鞦韆。
get on a swing 上鞦韆 ； swing shift 中班工人（美口語）
★ speedboat n. 快艇
speedway（美）高速公路、賽車跑道
speed n. 速度、速率 ； run at full speed 全速
at a speed of 40 miles an hour每小時 40英里的速度
at speed 以高速 ； speedy adj. 快速的、及時的
a speedy reply 及時的回答
★ desperately （1） adv. 绝望地、不顧一切的、情急的
eg：He said desperately that the opposing team was too strong for us .
對手對我們說太強大了。
（2） adv. 極度地 eg：He was desperately busy . 他極度地忙。
desperate （1） adj. 不顧一切的、亡命地
make desperate efforts to do sth 拼命地做某事
eg：The desperate thief shot at the policeman .
亡命的小偷向警察開槍。
（2） adj. 悲觀的、幾乎沒有希望的
eg：Her illness is desperate , but not hopeless.
她的病不樂觀但並不是毫無希望。
（3） adj. 渴望的、很渴望的
be desperate for sth ＝ be desperate to do sth 極度渴望要（做）某事
eg：He was desperate for fame . 他渴望有個名聲。
eg：He is desperate to pass the entrance exam . 他渴望通過了入學考試
★ companion （1） n. 同伙，伙伴
eg：Bad companions can lead young people astray .
不良同伴可導致青少年誤入歧途。
a companion in arms 戰友
a lifelong companion 一個終身的伴侶
（2） n. 旅伴
eg：I had a good companion while traveling . 在旅途中我有一個好旅伴。
（3） 看護婦（受顧陪伴老婦或病人的婦女）
a hospital companion 醫院的婦工
★ water ski （由快艇牵引水橇）滑水
ski 滑雪 ； go skiing 去滑雪
skate 滑冰 ； go skating 去滑冰
★ buoy n. 浮标、救生圈
life buoy 救生圈
buoyancy n. 浮力、樂觀的性情
buoyant adj. 樂觀的 、輕鬆愉快的
buoyantly adv. 樂觀地,輕松愉快地
★ dismay （1） n. 沮丧、驚慌、膽怯
in dismay ＝ with dismay 驚慌
to one’s dismay 使驚慌的昰
（2）v.使驚慌、使膽怯
be dismayed at 對某事驚慌
eg：She was dismayed at the news .聽到這個消息她非常驚慌。
★ tremendous adj. （大小、數量、程度） 驚人的、巨大的
a tremendous explosion 極大的爆炸聲
a tremendous effort 極大的努力
eg ：He ran at a tremendous speed . 他以驚人的速度跑。
tremendously adv.  [triˈmendəsli]ad.可怕地；極大地
eg：The exam was tremendously difficult . 這次考試非常困難
★ petrol n. 汽油
gas ＝ gasoline 汽油
petrol station ＝ gas station ＝ filling station n. 加油站
petroleum 石油 ； petro 岩石 ； oleum ['əuliəm] 油
★ drift （1） v. 漂动，漂流
eg：The raft was drifting down the river . 這木筏漂流順流而下
eg：The wind drifted the boat toward the shore.風把船吹向岸邊。
（2） n. 漂流、漂移

the drift of an iceberg 冰山的漂移
the drift of population from country to city . 人口從鄉村遷移到城市
（3）n. 漂流物
big drifts of snow 吹積成的大雪堆
a drift of dead leaves 吹積成的枯葉堆
driftwood 漂木
★ gently （1） adv. 缓慢地，轻轻地
eg：Handle the glassware gently .小心的處理玻璃器皿。
（2）adv. 溫柔地
eg：She spoke gently to the frightened child .
她溫柔的和那個嚇壞的孩子說話。
gentle （1） adj. 溫柔地、和善的
eg：He is a very gently person . 他是個很溫和的人。
eg：Mothers are always gentle with their babies .
母親總是溫柔的對待她們的嬰兒。
（2） adj. 和緩的 / mild
speak in a gentle voice . 以和緩的語調說話。
a gentle slope 和緩的斜坡
（3）adj. 馴服的
a gentle horse 一匹馴服的馬 ； as gentle as a lamb 性情溫順如小羊
二．Key structures：
1.過去完成時：had + done
含義：表示過去某時之前以經做完，即過去的過去。
2.過去完成進行時：had been doing
含義：表示過去某時之前一直在進行著。
【Text】
What was the danger?
As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.
三．課文講解：
★ As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands.
当那人试图让快艇转弯时，方向盘脱手了。
※ steering wheel 方向盤
steer v. 掌舵、駕駛
eg：He carefully steered his car around the corner .
他小心翼翼地駕駛他的車在拐角處。
steer a ship 駕駛船 ； steersmen n. 舵手
※ come away 掉下、脫落
eg：The handle came away from the pitcher when I grasped it .
當我抓起水罐時它的柄脫落了。
He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes.
他绝望地向他的伙伴挥手，他的伙伴在过去的15分钟里一直在滑水。
※ wave to sb 對……揮手
※ for the last + 一段時間 →通常搭配完成時態
for the last 10 years 在过去的10分钟里
Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea.
他们两个还没来得及意识到究竟发生了什么事情，就被猛地抛入了海里。
※ hardly …when 幾乎沒時間做某事 、一……就……
eg：Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain .
→ We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain .
我們一到鄉下天就下雨了。
※ be thrown into 被拋進、被扔進
The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water.
快艇撞上了一个浮标，但它仍在水面上快速行驶着。
Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle.
两个人刚开始向岸边游去，就突然惊愕地发现快艇正在转着圈行驶，
※ with dismay 惊愕地
It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed.
它现在正以惊人的速度直冲他们驶来。
※ come towards 朝著來
※ straight adv. 筆直 、径直
go straight 直走、改邪歸正
keep straight on 一直往前走 ； look straight up 仰看正上方
come straight to the point 一句說出問題的核心
※ at tremendous speed 以驚人的速度
at full speed 以全速
In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away.
不到1分钟的工夫，它从离他们只有几英尺远的地方呼啸着驶了过去。
※ in less than 不及 → in less than no time 一會兒、立刻
※ roar（1） v.（猛獸） 吼叫、咆嘯
eg：Lions were roaring in the distance . 獅子在遠方咆哮著。
（2） v. 大聲喊叫、吵嚷
eg：The patient roared with pain . 病人疼痛大叫著。
eg：The audience roared with laughter at the joke .
觀眾聽了這個笑話哄堂大笑。
（3）v.轟鳴、呼嘯
eg：The truck roared past . 卡車呼嘯而過。
eg：The thunder roared . 雷聲隆隆。
roar oneself hoarse 喊啞了嗓子
set the room in a roar 引的滿堂哄然大笑
set the table in a roar 引的滿桌大笑
After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return.
快艇过去之后，他们以最快的速度向前游去，因为他们知道快艇马上就要转回来。
※ pass v. 經過 pass － passed － passed
past prep. 經過
They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle.
他们刚刚来得及游出危险区，快艇就又转完了一圈。
※ enough （1）adv. 足夠地
eg：Your work is not good enough .
eg：I missed the train this morning . ＝ I didn’t get up early enough .
（2） adj. 足夠的
eg：I didn’t buy enough sugar .
eg：There are enough flowers in that vase .
※ fairly adv. 相當、非常
eg：George is a fairly tall person but still not tall enough to get into the police force . 喬治的身材相當高,但要加入警察部隊還不夠高。
eg：I know he’s a fairly good player , but he doesn’t play well enough to get into the team .
＊ well enough 足夠的好
On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably.
然而这一次它的速度慢多了。
※ on this occasion 这一次
※ slow down 慢下來
※ considerably adv. 很、頗、相當
considerable （1） adj. 很、可觀的、相當的
a considerable difference 明顯的差別
（2） adj. 重要的
considerable man 一個要人 ； considerate 體貼的、考慮週到的
be considerate of 體諒 ..., 替 ... 著想
The petrol had nearly all been used up. 汽油几乎已经用光。
※ use up 用盡、耗盡（常用被動語態）
eg：The soldiers were used up after the long battle .
士兵們長期鬥爭後耗盡體力。
use 的常見短語 ；
bring sth into use 雇用 ； come into use 投入使用
eg：Computers have come into use in the class .
這個班開始使用電腦了。
make use of 利用
eg：You should make the best use of this chance . 你應該善用這個機會。
eg：He made use of his free time to learn French .
他利用業餘時間學習法語。
Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.
没过多久，噪音便彻底消失，快艇开始在水面上慢悠悠地漂流。
※ before long 不久
※ drop 漸漸消失
四．Special Difficulties：
區別：enough / fairly Exercises ：用正確的詞填空：
1）it’s fairly cold today , but not really cold enough to light a fire .
2）This book was fairly interesting , but I didn’t enjoy it as much as I expected to .
3）This class has given me enough trouble so far .
＊ so far  迄今為止；到某個程度
4）Is that suitcase large enough to take all these clothes ？
※新東方補充： 【Special Difficulties】 Enough and Fairly
enough表示“足够”，用在形容词或副词之后，有“为了某种目的”的含义
I’m old enough to know I’m doing.
I didn’t arrive at the station early enough.
我到车站到得不够早（我误了火车）。
fairly表示“相当”，通常修饰表示肯定意义的词：
The water in the pool is fairly warm, but not warm enough to swim in.
He is fairly quick, but not quick enough to take part in the race.
五．Exercise：
1. How fast did it go ？ b tremendous speed .
a. With b. At c. In d. From
2. The man tried to swing the boat round . He tried to c .
a. circle it 環繞它 b. twist it 使它扭曲、使它轉過去
c. make it turn 使它轉彎 、使它轉過去
d. wind it 使它轉動、使它灣區前進
3. It roared past them . It b them .
a. past b. passed c. pasted d. passing
4. He is late again today . I’ll c that he will not be late tomorrow .
a. be sure b. hope for
c. see to it d. make it so
六．Review：
1. Key structures：
過去完成時： had + done ； 過去完成進行時：had been doing
2. Main Points：
come away 離開, 脫開 ； hardly …..when 剛一…就…
come straight towards them 朝他們比直駛來
七．補充內容：諺語：
1. Variety is the spice of life .變化是生活的調味品，
意思是一陳不變的生活是很枯燥泛味的，生活中需要變化。
2. Walls have ears . 隔牆有耳

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