朗文英语听说教程.doc

朗文英语听说教程（一）Quiz
Unit 1 Happiness
1. a. Which people are happy
b. What makes people happy
c. How people define happiness
2. a. They like everything.
b. They want to change.
c. They are satisfied.
3. a. They have few problems.
b. They don’t worry much.
c. They have negative attitudes.
4. a. Good relationships
b. A successful career
c. A lot of money
5. Describe how psychologists learned what makes people happy.
6. What three personality factors do happy people have?

Answer Key
1. b 2. c 3. b 4. a
5. Psychologists asked hundreds of people how happy they are. Then they asked questions to find out about their personalities. They looked at the differences between happy people and unhappy people.
6. Happy people are satisfied with themselves. They are also optimistic about their problems. In addition, they have good relationships with their friends and family.

Unit 2 New Kinds of Food (1’:50”)
1. a. Fresh food
b. Dangerous food
c. Altered food
2. a. Strawberries
b. Apples
c. Bananas
3. a. It needs fewer pesticides.
b. It grows in less space.
c. It dominates the environment.
4. a. It may stay fresh longer.
b. It may be more expensive.
c. It may be harmful to people.
5. What are three benefits of genetically modified
food?
6. What are three risks of genetically modified food?

Answer Key
1. c 2. a 3. a 4. c
5. Genetically modified food needs fewer pesticides. Genetically modified food/plants grow better than normal. In addition, they stay fresh longer after they are harvested.
6. Genetically modified food/plants may dominate other plants in the environment. Also, they might hurt wild animals and insects. They might even hurt the people who eat them.

Unit 3 Public Art (2’:02”)
1. a. Art in museums
b. Art in people’s houses
c. Art in public places
2. a. Spoonbridge and Cherry (spoon and cherry)
b. Non-Violence (gun in knot)
c. Peace (woman on horse)
3. a. Public art
b. Surrealism
c. Peace

4. a. To make people go to museums
b. To make artists more popular
c. To make public places more beautiful
5. What is pop art? Give an example.
6. What is surrealistic art? Give an example.

Answer Key
1. c 2. c 3. c 4. c
5. Pop art shows things people see in their everyday lives. Spoonbridge and Cherry, the sculpture of a large spoon with a cherry, is an example of pop art.
6. Surrealistic art shows things that are strange or impossible. Non-Violence, the sculpture of a gun tied in a knot, is an example of surrealistic art.

Unit 4 Journey to Antarctica
1. a. From 1912 to 1914
b. From 1914 to 1916
c. From 1916 to 1918
2. a. South Georgia Island
b. Elephant Island
c. Argentina
3. a. Everyone died.
b. Some were rescued.
c. Everyone was rescued.
4. a. It reached America.
b. It sank near Antarctica.
c. It returned to London.
5. What was the goal of Shackleton’s Journey? Did he succeed?
6. What did Shackleton and his crew eat when they were living on ice?

Answer Key
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b
5. Shackleton’s goal was to be the first person to walk across Antarctica. He didn’t succeed.
6. First, they ate supplies from the ship. Then they hunted animals in the area. Finally, they killed and ate their dogs.

Unit 5 Violence on Television (2’:11”)
1. a. Three to four hours a day
b. Three to four hours a week
c. Thirty to forty hours a week
2. a. Movies
b. Cartoons
c. The news
3. a. About 1,000
b. About 10,000
c. About 100,000
4. a. TV violence is linked to real violence.
b. TV violence is not harmful for children.
c. TV violence is increasing in the United States.
5. How did researchers study the immediate effects of TV violence on children?
6. How did researchers study the long-term of TV violence on children?

Answer Key
1. a 2. b 3. c 4. a
5. The researchers showed children a TV show of a child hitting and kicking a doll. Then they left the children alone with a doll. The children hit and kicked the doll. This study showed that children do what they see on TV.
6. The researchers studied how much violent television some children watched at age eight. Then they studied the same children at age eighteen. The children who watched a lot of violence TV were more violent at age eighteen.

Unit 6 Too Old to Learn? (2’:06”)
1. a. Before the critical period
b. During the critical period
c. After the critical period
2. a. See
b. Eat
c. Meow
3. a. See
b. Eat
c. Sing
4. a. The ability to hear sounds
b. The ability to pronounce sounds
c. The size of the brain
5. Define critical period. Give an example.
6. What is difficult for adult language learners? Why?

Answer Key
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b
5. The critical period is when an animal or human can learn a new skill. For example, in humans there is a critical period for language learning.
6. Adults find it difficult to pronounce sounds correctly. Therefore, they may never learn to speak a new language with a native accent.

Unit 7 Are We Alone? (2’:15”)
1. a. Intelligent beings
b. Other galaxies
c. Rocket ships
2. a. They have received signals from other planets.
b. They have seen rockets from other planets.
c. They believe other planets could support life.
3. a. By sending out radio signals
b. By listening for radio signals
c. By sending out rockets
4. a. Radio signals travel quickly and have a short range.
b. Radio signals travel quickly and have a long range.
c. Radio signals travel slowly and have a long range.
5. How fast do radio signals travel? How long is needed for a radio signal to travel from the nearest galaxy to earth?
6. Why doesn’t the SETI project use rockets to look for intelligent life?

Answer Key
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. b
5. Radio signals travel at the speed of light. A radio signal travels about four years from the nearest galaxy to earth.
6. Rocket ships are restricted to traveling in one direction. And they are much slower than radio signals.

Unit 8 Do the Right Thing (1’:55”)
1. a. Do what is best for most people.
b. Do what is best for everybody.
c. Do what is best for yourself.
2. a. Take care of other people.
b. Do what is best for yourself.
c. Make your own decisions.
3. a. Aristotle
b. Kant
c. Bentham
4. a. The principle of individual rights
b. The principle of individual good
c. The principle of common good
5. Explain why the friend in the lecture wanted to lie to the dying woman.
6. Use an ethical principle to explain how the friend can justify lying to the dying woman.

Answer Key
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. c
5. The friend thought spending a lot of money on an expensive funeral was a waste of money. He wanted to give the money to a school for homeless children.
6. Following the principle of common good, the friend will help more people if he gives the money to the school for homeless children. The only person he might hurt is the dying woman.

Unit 9 A Good Night’s Sleep
1. a. From watching people sleep
b. From surveys about sleep habits
c. From books about sleep habits
2. a. Our modern lifestyle
b. Feeling tired
c. Health problems
3. a. Car accidents
b. Watching TV
c. Family problems
4. a. Seventeen
b. Twenty
c. Fifty
5. How has technology affected our sleep habits?
6. How does feeling sleepy affect people at work?

Answer Key
1. b 2. a 3. a 4. c
5. A hundred years ago, people didn’t stay up late because there was not much to do. However, today we can stay up late working, watching TV, or using the Internet.
6. When people are sleepy at work, they don’t think clearly and can make mistakes. These mistakes can cost a lot of money or cause accidents.

Unit 10 Negotiating for Success
1. a. Solving the problem
b. Talking about feelings
c. Using “I” statements
2. a. To explain your opinion
b. To solve the problem
c. To avoid blaming others
3. a. The person stops communicating.
b. The person accepts the blame.
c. The person solves the problem.
4. a. The issue in the negotiation
b. People’s feelings about the negotiation
c. The people in the negotiation
5. Explain the example of conflict in the lecture. Who has a conflict? What is it about?
6. Give an example of a statement blaming another person. Then rewrite the statement using an “I” statement.

Answer Key
1. c 2. c 3. a 4. b
5. Two co-workers have a conflict. They are working on a project together. One person isn’t finishing his work on time.
6. A statement blaming another person is “You aren’t doing your work, Joe.” An “I” statement is “I’m worried because the work isn’t done.”

Unit 11 Risking It
1. a. Flying in an airplane
b. Driving a car
c. Riding a bicycle
2. a. Being in an earthquake
b. Driving a car
c. Flying in an airplane
3 a. Going out in the sun
b. Living near a nuclear power plant
c. Flying in an airplane
4. a. Being in an earthquake
b. Flying in an airplane
c. Walking down stairs
5. Explain the difference between actual and perceived risk. Give an example.
6. Explain the difference between controlled and uncontrolled risk. Give an example.

Answer Key
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. c
5. An actual risk is the real risk of being hurt or killed. A perceived risk is the risk people feel. For example, some people feel that flying is more dangerous than driving. However, more people are killed in car accidents than in airplane accidents.
6. A controlled risk is a risk people can control. An uncontrolled risk is a risk they can’t control. For example, people are in control when they are driving. However, the pilot is in control when they are flying in an airplane.

Unit 12 The Electronic Brain
1. a. From 1943 to 1945
b. From 1953 to 1955
c. From 1963 to 1965
2. a. The U.S. Army
b. IBM
c. Mauchly and Eckert
3. a. Five hundred
b. Five thousand
c. Five million
4. a. The size of an 1,800-square-foot room
b. The size of an 2,500-squarefoot room
c. The size of an 5,000-square-foot room
5. Why was ENIAC built?
6. Why did Mauchly and Eckert want to work on ENIAC?

Answer Key
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a
5. During World War II, the U.S. Army was doing scientific projects. Women used adding machines to do the calculations by hand. However, this process was slow and there were errors. The army wanted a way to do faster and better calculations.
6. Mauchly was a physicist. He wanted to build a computer that could predict the weather. Eckert was an electrical engineering student. He liked to build complex electronic machines.

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