朗文英语听说教程一.doc

Unit 1 happiness
P：let us get start，Lots people in society think the more money they have, the more happiness they will obtain Assume that you are a lottery winner, 5 million dollars, do you feel happy?
S：Maybe a little, but this is not the major reason
P：So, what makes some people happier than other?
S：Psychologists find that there are more important personality factors make people happy.what`s your opinion?
P：in my view，happy people are satisfied with themselves, Maybe they are a little bit fat, overweight or may not have the best job ,not live in a fancy house ,but they do not want to change these things, the feeling of happiness comes from the inside, not the outside. What do you think？
S：I deem happy people are optimistic and unhappy people always are of negative attitude.
They think that things will get worse.By the way, happy people have good relationship with other people.

P: They spend time on building the relationship with family and friends. Pour out your heart, your fears, your woes - share these with Him， you can obtain purification of your mind.
S: So，the money can not bring us happiness. Generally， Regardless Of the money,self-content，optimistic and Excellent interpersonal communication Skills are the best way to make us happy.

P: there are some proverbs there: You are never be happy if you make others unhappy , originate from China. where there is love , there is happiness , originate from Poland. which one do you prefer?
S:First one impressed me a lot.
P: Why?
S: because if you keep in touch with the people around you, you will benefit pretty much from them.
P：you mean Do it for us, do it for one another, do it for you, and do it for each other then you feel happy.

Unit 2 New kind of food
P: china is doing research on genetically modified foods and is considering it.
S：I heard that US is for using G.M. foods, but Europe is against it .
P：I see, oh right,
S：So what do you think?
P：I think it`s a great ideal have GM foods.
S：oh,Do you think human can benefit from GM foods?
P：1 may fewer pesticide than normal food example corn will kill the insects that eat the plant
2 grow better than normal plants example strawberry grow in cold weather
3.stay fresh longer after they are harvest example tomato stays fresh for two months
S：I don`t think so，I am worried more that there haven't been enough tests on genetically modified foods, that there might be side effects that could lead to cancer, or could ruin the naturally life cycle of the plants.
1dominate other wild plants in the environment causing other plants to die
2hurt the insects and animal in the environment corn kill the butterflies
3harmful to the people who consume the food put the genes from animals into plant such as that scientists took a gene from a kind of fish – a gene help the fish live in cold water
P：Uh,definitely,I think there is lots of resons to be concerened.
S：then scientists are going to have to continue with the research.
P：the fact is the population is growing and these people are going to have to eat food,so if GM foods can help people to eat and survive and for the human population to survive.As we know, in biology, cloning is the process of producing similar population of genetically identical individuals that occurs unnaturally.
S：when organism such as bacteria insects or plants reproduce asexually, cloning in biotechnology refers to processes to create copies of DNA fragments, cell or organisms.
1pros reproductive cloning 、 organ replacement 、genetic research 2cons lack of diversity 、 faster aging 、security
P： In short, there are both advantages and disadvantages about GM food
Unit 5 violence on TV
P：TV is one of the prevalent media influences in kid’s lives According to some reports , youth ages 6-19 average about 6 hours of screen time per day.
On the one hand children can get some useful information easily from TV not only the voice but also the colorful pictures, which can greatly arouse interesting of the children.
S：On the contary ,I think TV have negative influences on children.
1 increase fear violence on TV
2 ignore to real- life violence they imitate what they see on tv everyday ugly language and attitude aggressive behaviors
3 activities are crucial for adolescent to healthy mental and physical TV is harmful to their eyes stomach intestines
P:you know,Almost 98% American families have a TV。Kid spend more time watching TV than going to school。
S：the more tvshow you watch the more violence kids get. Cartoon have more acts of violence than adult TV shows.A child see about 100000 acts of violence on TV by age 12
P:It is recently reported that there are two kinds of effect.
First Immediate effects of TV violPence
Children copy the violence they see on TV
hit and kick a doll
second Long term effects of TV violence
When children watch a lot of TV , they are more violent in school when they are older.
So there is a link between TV violence and real violence
S: children should make good uses of tv，parents should supervise their kids` tv time, and which shows that suitable for them

Unit 6 too old to learn
P :Do you know What is critical period?
S:I kown. The c.p. is a theory that explains why it is easier for children to learn languages than for adults
P: that`s a time when animals or humans must learn something.
Animals
Songbirds
If you remove the baby bird from its parents so that it does not to hear the song the bird won’t learn to sing when
It is older
Cats
A kitten must learn to use its eyes in the first few weeks
if you remove all lights in the room so the cats won’t able to see well when the cat is an adult
S:Humans
Language learning
The adolescents speak with a native accent well, however the adults speak with a foreign accent .
P: We can conclude that there is a cp when both animals and humans can learn certain things when they are still very young.
S：nowdays, many parents send there kids to training center,they don`t enjoy the wonderful childhood.
P: we absolutely hope our child to be the unique one . as a child ，He should feel happy everyday rather than pressure coming from the competition and society early
S：I don’t agree cultivate our child to be a talent and give child enough time for his playing toys game .Don`t force him learn some skill additional lesson against his willing
P：neither do I ,our unconfident education of children ,excessive development bound his personality and imagination like a robot

Unit 7 are we alone
P：NASA recently recruit the astronaut to mars
S：why?
P：they found water on the planet so they want to seek intelligent life
S：Why do the scientist think there may be other intelligent life in the universe?
P：Because there 400 billion stars in our galaxies and 100 billion galaxies in the universe ,other planet can probably support life similar to live on earth.Do you know the SETI project?
S：I know. Search for extraterrestrial Intelligent project。They use the radio telescopes to listen for radio signals from space we may locate other intelligent beings. What is the good factors for the radio signals？
P：A little. Radio signals travel quickly through space have a long range. They can travel long distances and not restricted to one area
S:by the way, Travel at the speed of light ,A radio signal takes 4 years to reach us from the nearest galaxy , Alpha Centauri,4.2 light years away
P：why not choose rocket? Tavel 10 miles per second . I t would take 60,000 years for a rocket to travel to us from the nearest galaxy
S：the other reason is that Rockets are restricted to travel in one direction
P：suppose oneday you receive the signal from alien you have been invited to their planet what kinds of gift you bring them
S：well ，guitar most multi-dimensional object
Greatest musical instruments conceived by own species
P：why？
S：1.sculptural object 2.signaling device 3.equipment for an acoustics What about you?
P：DVD recorder or something else various of voices subjects languages etc
convey the basic information of our mankind

unit 8 do the right thing
P：the simple cartoon show that a little girl pick up a purse , but her mum is sick in hospital ,and is the need of money to operate. She hesitate to  give it back，what do you think this scene?
S：I think that is a ethics problem.
P：what`s the meaning of ethics?
S：I feel that ethics are the rules we follow to decide what is right and what is wrong.by the way，I consider that the girl should turn the purse to the owner of lost property immediately for the owner must be too worried about his purse.
P：yeah,but what about her mum?
S：I hope that the girl help for local welfare institution and apply some money from there,so that her mum can be operate in time and spread this scene on news so as to social assistancs.If she doesn`t turn bace the purse,although her mum have money to operate,The owner will too be anxious.it will hurt the owner
P：Oky，that is a good ideal，I think this question involves 2 aspects：principles of individual rights and principle of common good.
S：well, Would you explain that further?
P：yes,on one hand,each person has the power to make choice and think about what we are doing. on the other hand，this principle says that it is OK to hurt some people sometime but only if the same action helps more people.
S：yeah，I suddently think an exemple that your friend asks you to come to a party,but you don`t want to go,you tell her you are going out of townIf you encounter this secen what do you do next?
P：Um。I deem that lying is wrong.but if you indeed have some emergency, you will make a white lie so that your friend will not blame to you.
S：wow, that sounds like a great idea.
P：however,Trying to do the right thing without hurting others is important for us.you see

Unit 9 A Good Night`s sleep
P：How is your sleep recently?
S：not good，I don`s sleep unitl 1 olock at night
P：oh, I sympathise with your plight。What are you doing recently?
S：nothing,probably I think a lot at night
P：what do you think?
S：much about works
P：Oh，I think you are under pressure,I suggest that you can listen to some light music,it useful of sleeping quickly.
S：yes?I would like to have a try.
P：I have known much about the cause for sleep.working too much is the main cause.people today are very busy,they are working more and more hours everyday.as a result there is less time do other thinks.like read or pay bill or clean hourse,so people stay up later and get less sleep.
S：You seem to say that this is what I encounter questions.I heard that modern technology is another cause.now everything is turned on 24hours a day.think about it——we have electric lights,TV,and the internet,you can watch TV or listen to music or work on the computer any time ,and that makes us stay up later.
P：yes,you are also right,I think this cause will lead to some effects.this is mistakes at work.without enough sleep,we don`t function well——we don`t have enough energy and we can not always think very clearly.
S：By the way,I think another consequence of sleep deprivation is car accidents.and what can you do to sleep better at night?I want to know the way to sleep well.
P：I think that drinking herbal tea and sleeping in a quiet room is useful of resting.we cannot eat a lot before bed and sleep in an un comfortable bed.

Unit 10 negotiating for success
P：have you encounter this scene about negotiation techniques?
S：I often conflict at work,for example.after I do some wrong,my co-worker will angry and upset.meanwhile,they won`t want to communicate with you.
P：Oh，I think that you never use proper negotiation techniques.
S：well, Can you explain it to me deeply?
P：avoiding to blame is meaning that you should ues I statement.For example I am worried because the work isn`t done so that the co-worker will not angry.
S：maybe that is a good ideal.but when it have a different view about the communication or when a negotiation doesn`t work.what shall we do next?
P：um,most problems can be solved with enough time and communication.No problems are caused by the way the people on both sides feel about the negotiation.
S：anything else?
Pby the way, you need to avoid anything that will make people feel angry or upset.
S：OK，I will better next negotiation.I suddently think an example that a couple are deciding where to go on vacation.the husband wants to go skiing and wife wants to go to the beach.what do they choose and do some negotiation?
P：on one hand,being careful of mode and attitude of saying is important for the couple.
On the other hand,telling what you will worry about and be afraid of skiing or going to beach is crucial for negotiation.
S：oh,by the way,I think everything has its two side ,the couple should not enlarge the contradiction and blame each other.they may arrange for two vacations.
P：yes,you are right ,I also set an example for explaining this scene.if the project is going to be late because of you,you should avoid disputing.and you will keep calm and avoid blame.
S：what about saying that I am afraid that the project will be late?
P：of course,if you do this ,the conflict at work will decrease. you will take in this lesson and example.

Unit 11 risking it
P：do you heart perceived risk and actual risk?
S：yes,I know little about them.perceived risk is the way a person thinks about risk.
P：ah,I heard a example that many people drive a car each day,but they don`t worry about it very much.what do you think?
S:well,they know that there is a risk of an accident,but most people will not say they are afraid of driving.
P：Yeah, absolutely，the perceived risk of driving is low，by the way,many people worry about flying.
S：Why?
P：they afraid that airplane will have an accident and crash.
S：you mean that the perceived risk of flying is high
P：yeah,you are right.do you watch tv about recently Malaysia Airlines accidents?
S：sure, Widespread news are reported in TV and newspaper.but I still think the plane`s accident is a small probability event.
P：In fact,the actual risk of driving a car is high,but the actual risk of flying is low
S：why?
P：because many more people are injured in car accidents that in plane accidents.
S：well,I feel that the circumstances will change perceived risk.we have more control,we feel there is less risk of driving a car.however,when we fly in the sky,we don’t control it,so we feel it is more risky.what do you think?
P：Ｉ think that the risk is natural versus unnatural.when a risk is natural,we feel that there is less risk.and when risk is an everyday activity,we feel that there is less risk. ,I have a problem that why some activities have a higher perceived risk or a higher actual risk?
S：we usually participate some activities that many people carry out it each day.Although,they know that there is a potential risk,most people w