牛津上海八下8BUnit2Water知识点梳理.doc

8B Unit 2 Water
P15
1.◆use v. 使用 use sth. to do =use sth. for doing 用某物来做某事
be used to do =be used for doing 被用来做某事
be used to doing 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. =often did sth. 过去常常做某事
◆useful a. 有用的 be useful to …对……有用
◆useless a. 无用的
P16
1.◆valuable a. 有价值的；宝贵的 =precious---more valuable---most valuable
◆value n. 价值
2.◆gold n. 黄金；金子 gold coin 金币 goldfish 金鱼
◆golden a. 金（黄）色的；美好的 golden ages 黄金时代
3. ◆ litre n. 升 two litres of water 二升水
◆millilitre n. 毫升
4. day n. --daily a. 每天的；=everyday adv. 每天 =every day
5.◆exercise v. 锻炼 exercise regularly 有规律地锻炼
◆exercise n. 1)exercise泛指“锻炼”时，做不可数名词，如：take exercise 锻炼身体
take more exercise多锻炼 2)exercise表示“体操”或“练习（题）”时是可数名词，要用复数形式。如： do morning exercises 做早操，do eye exercises 做眼保健操
do English exercises 做英语练习
6. amount n. 量；数量 the amount of water 水的数量
◆a huge amount of或huge amounts of +不可数名词：大量的……
◆a large number of +可数名词： 大量的……
7. increase v. 增加；增多 ---decrease v. 减少；减小 increase by 50 增加了50
8. remain v. 保持；留下 =keep
9. freeze v. 使结冰---froze---frozen
◆frozen a. 冷藏的；结冰的；惊呆的 frozen ground 结冰的地面 frozen food 冷冻食品
◆freezing a. 严寒的；极冷的 in freezing weather 在极冷的天气里
10. become v. --became---become 变得+adj. become happy become even happier
11. liquid n. 液体 solid n. 固体 gas n. 气体 harmful gases 有害的气体
12. a half或one half 二分之一 a quarter 四分之一 one-third 三分之一 two-thirds
13. cover v. 覆盖；涉及 n. 封面
◆be covered with v. 被……覆盖 be covered with snow
14.◆chemical a. 化学的 a chemical change 一个化学变化
n. 化学物质；化学品 many chemicals 许多化学品 produce a chemical 产生一种~
◆chemistry n. 化学 be good at chemistry 擅长化学 a chemistry book/ teacher/ lesson
◆chemist n. 药剂师；化学家
15. symbol n. =mark; sign 符号；象征；标志 the chemical symbol for water 水的化学符号
16. put…in the correct order v. 把……按正确的顺序排列
17. flow v. --flowed--flowed 流；流动 flow into the sea 流入大海 stream n. 小溪
18. rise vi. –rose –risen (不及物动词，后面不可以跟名词。后面跟名词的用及物动词：raise)
rise =go up 上升 =stand up 起立 =get up 起床
19. raise v. –raised –raised 提高；升高；养育；筹集
raise money for the SPCA 为爱护动物协会筹钱
raise your hand举起你的手= put up your hand raise your voice 提高你的声音
20. fall v.--fell--fallen 跌倒；落下 n. 秋天 fall asleep 入睡
21. feel v. --felt--felt 感觉 feel sleepy 感到困
22. cloud n. 云—clouds pl. ---cloudy adj. 多云的；阴天的
23. talk to me/ him =talk with me/ him 跟我/ 他谈话
24. 对表示天气的形容词划线用：What’s the weather like? 或 How is the weather? 提问。
P17
1. Daisy黛西(女名) daisy n. 雏菊
2. brush (one’s) teeth v. 刷牙---brushes brush her teeth brush your teeth
3.◆turn on the tap v. 打开水龙头-- turn off the tap 关掉水龙头
◆turn up v. 调高；调响---turn down v. 调低；调轻
4. be on v. 开着的；上演；亮着的 The tap is on. 水龙头开着；水龙头是开着的
5. pour v. 倒；涌出 washbasin n. 洗脸盆 pour into the washbasin 涌进脸盆
6. vanish v. 突然消失 = disappear; go away suddenly appear v. 出现
7. drain n. : a pipe or tube to let waste water flow away 下水道
8. vanish down the drain v. 顺着下水道消失不见了
9. voice n. 嗓音；说话声；语态 passive voice 被动语态
noise n. 噪音 sound n. 声音
10. say loudly v. =say in a loud voice 大声地说 say in a low voice =whisper 低声说
11. freeze v. 惊呆(在本课中的意思) –froze –frozen Daisy froze. 黛西惊呆住了。
12. look around v. 环顾四周
13. saw no one =saw nobody =didn’t see anyone 没有看到任何人
14. waste v. 浪费 n. 废品 ◆waste time doing sth. 浪费时间做某事
◆What a waste of time! 多浪费时间呀！
15. sound v. 听起来(连系动词+形容词) 还有：look; smell; taste; feel; turn; get; become; grow
16. impatient a. :angry at having to wait 不耐烦的---patient a. 耐心的；病人
类似变化的还有：polite a. 有礼貌的---impolite 无礼的—politely adv.
17. sound impatient v. 听起来不耐烦
18.◆obey v. 服从；遵守 obey the rules 遵守规则=keep=follow obey orders 服从命令
◆disobey v. 违反；不服从
19. faint a. (光、声、味) 微弱的 a faint sound 微弱的声音 a faint smell 淡淡的气味
反义词：strong
20. drop v.---dropped---dropped 落下；降低 n. 滴 a drop of water 一滴水
21. It is +adj. + (for sb.) +to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是怎样的
e.g. It is important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。
It’s necessary to plant trees every year. 每年种树是必要的。
It’s not easy for me to get here. 我到达这里不容易。(get to =arrive in大/ at =reach)
22. It is + adj. + of sb.+ to do sth. 若结构中的形容词是指不定式逻辑主语的特征、品质、能力的，
形容词后的介词就用“of”
e.g. It’s kind/ nice/ friendly of you to say so.
It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem.
It’s polite of you to wait in line.
23. Do you know where I’m from? （宾语从句中从句要用陈述句的语序。即：wh-词+sb.+动词+其它）
e.g. Could you tell me what your name is?
Do you know which is the way to the nearest post office?你知道哪一条是去最近邮局的路吗？
I wonder what’s the matter with you. 我想知道你怎么了。
Do you know what’s wrong with her? 你知道她怎么了吗？
24. I suppose =I think 我认为
25. float v. 漂浮---floating a. 浮动的 a floating restaurant n. 水上餐厅 float—floated--floated
26. comfort n./ v. 安慰；（使）舒适 ---comfortable a. ---comfortably adv.
float comfortably in a cloud v. 舒服地漂浮在一朵云里
27. view n. 景色；风景；视野；观点 enjoy the view v. 欣赏风景 night views n. 夜景
in my view 依我看 come into view .v. 映入眼帘
28. drop…into… v. 把……扔到……；把……抛入 drop me into a stream v. 把我抛入一条小溪里
29. speed v. ---sped---sped 加快；飞跑 =move quickly; drive fast
◆speed down the mountain v. 顺着山坡快速滑落
◆run at a speed of … 以……的速度行驶
30. the Yangtze River n. 长江 ( 江、河、海前面要加定冠词the ) e.g. the Huangpu River
e.g. The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world. 第三大河
31. carry…to… v. 把……带（送，搬，运）到…… take v. 拿去；带走 bring v. 拿来；带来
32. relax v. （使）轻松/ 放松；减轻 ---relaxed a. (感到)轻松的；自在的---relaxing a. 令人轻松的
feel relaxed make us relaxed get relaxed
33. a few +可数：一些 few+可数：很少；不多；几乎没有
a little+不可数：一些 little+不可数：很少；不多；几乎没有
34. It is time to do sth. =It is time for sth. 是该做某事的时候了。
e.g. It’s time to go to shool. It’s time for school. 该上学了。
It’s time to have lunch. =It’s time for lunch. 该吃午饭了。
It’s time to have a class. =It’s time for class. 该上课了。
35. clean up v. 净化；弄干净
36. get cleaned up v. 被净化
37. puzzle v. 使迷惑；使困惑---puzzled a. 感到困惑的---puzzling a. 令人困惑的
e.g. Her voice sounded puzzled. 她的声音听起来很困惑。
n. 智力玩具 do puzzles v. 拼拼图；玩智力玩具
38. journey n.---journeys pl. 路程；旅程
39. treatment n. (净化或防治) 处理加工---treat v. 款待；对待；请客；治疗
◆trick or treat 不给糖就捣蛋 trick：恶作剧、捣乱
40. works n. =factory =plant 工厂
41. a water treatment works n. 水处理厂；自来水厂
42. take sb. to sp. v. 把某人带到某地 (take him home take me here 省略to )
43. thorough a. =complete 完全的；彻底的---thoroughly adv.= completely adv. 彻底地
44. clean v./ a. ---cleaning n. 打扫；清洁 ---cleaner n. 清洁工
45. give me a thorough cleaning 给我一个彻底的清洁 give v.---gave---given
46. a few chemicals n. 一些化学品/物质 chemical a. 化学的 a chemical change 一个化学变化
47. add sth. to… v. 在某物中加入……
48. pipe n. 管子；管道 travel in the pipes under the streets 流入街道下面的水管里
49. wait v. –waiter n.—waitress(es) wait for sb./ sth. 等待某人/某物 wait at sp. 在某地等
50. the end of your journey n. 你旅游的终点
51. finish with sth. v. 完成；用完 finish with the book 看完这本书 finish with the water 用完水
finish doing sth. 做完某事
52. sewage n. 污水；污物 a sewage plant n. 污水处理厂
53. pump v. ：push by machine 用泵输送 pump me into the river 把我抽到河里
54. be back to sp. =come/ go back to sp. =return to sp. 回到某地
55. That’s where I came from in the first place. 我最初就是从那里来的； 那就是我最初过来的地方。
56. remember (not) to do sth. 记得/ 记住（不）要做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事；记得做某事的情形
57. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 –forgot—forgot/ forgotten forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
---forgetful a. 健忘的---unforgettable a. 难忘的
58. precious a. 宝贵的= valuable ---more precious---most precious as precious as 像.…一样宝贵
59. like liquid gold 像液体的黄金一样
60. mean by… 意思是……
◆What do you mean by liquid gold? 你说的“液体黄金”是什么意思？
◆What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说是什么意思？
61. reply n./ v. 回答；答复 =answer answer my letter =reply to my letter 回我的信
62. be gone v. 走了；不见了；离开了
◆had gone 是过去完成时，由：had+ done构成，表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间
或动作之前已经完成，即：过去的过去
63. come out of sp. 从某地出来
64. run out of sp. 从某地跑出来
P18
1. mean v. –meant—meant—meaning n. 意思---meaningful a. 有意义的---meaningless a. 无意义的
2. surprise n. 惊奇；惊喜 v. 使惊讶---surprised a. 感到惊讶的---surprising a. 惊人的；令人惊讶的
3. look后没有介词后+adj. look happy look surprised
look后有介词后+副词 e.g. look at me angrily/ look happily at him
4. stop doing sth. =give up doing sth. 停止做某事（不做了）
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事（要做的）
5. be able to do 能够做某事=can do sth. be unable to do sth. 不能做某事
P19
1. complete v. 完成=finish adj. =thorough 完全的；彻底的 completely adv.
P20
1. a little =not much
2. a few= not many
P21
1. do some shopping =buy some things 买些东西
﹡ belong to him 属于他 The book belongs to Mary =The book is Mary’s. 这本书是玛丽的。
否定句：The book doesn’t belong to Mary. =The book isn’t Mary’s.
2. want to know= wonder v. 想知道
3. She wants to know what to buy. She wants to know what she should / will buy. 她不知道该买些什么。
（wh-词+ to do =wh-词+ sb. will/ should/ can do ）
4. too many+可数：太多 too few+可数：太少
too much+ 不可数：太多 too little+ 不可数：太少
much too+形容词：太怎么样 much too fat 太胖
P22
1. fry v. 油煎；油炸—fried adj. 油煎的 prawn(s) n. 对虾
2. recipe n 食谱；配方 ingredient n. 原料
3. an onion 一个洋葱 3 red peppers 三个红辣椒
4. 5 mushrooms 5个蘑菇
5. salt n. 盐---salty a. 咸的
6. much sugar n. 许多白糖
7. tomato sauce 番茄酱
8. cooking oil n. 烹饪油
9. be similar to sth. 与某物相似
10. gram n. 克---kilogram n. 千克
11. need sth. 需要某物 don’t need +n. 不需要某物

12. need to do sth. 需要做某事 don’t need to do =don’t have to do= needn’t do 不需要做…
P23
1. a one-yuan coin n. 一枚一元的硬币 a one-eyed dog a one-way street 一条单行街
2. give him a coin =give a coin to him 给他一枚硬币 give—gave--given
3. pocket money 零花钱
4. rather adv. =very =quite 相当 would rather do 宁愿做… would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做
5. suddenly adv. =all of a sudden 突然地
6. start to do sth. / start doing sth. 开始做某事 start =begin at the beginning of…在……的开始
7. agree with sb. 同意某人
P24
1. be glad to do sth. 很高兴做某事 e.g. I’m glad to hear that.
﹡P25~26
1. the use of water n. 水的用途 use n. 用途
2. be in charge of =take charge of =be responsible for 负责；掌管
3. present n. 礼物； 现在 v. 出席---represent v. 代表=stand for
4. ordinary a. 普通的 =usual =common
5. own v. 拥有—owner n. 主人
6. manage v. =run 管理 ---manager n. 经理
7. explain v. 解释；说明---explanation n.
8. drink v.—drank—drunk 喝 drinking water 饮用水 drinkable a. 可以饮用的
9. manufacture v. 制造；大量生产---manufacturing n. 制造业；工业
10. equipment n. 设备；装备；器材
11. tool n. 工具
12. need water for washing =need water to wash v. 需要水來洗
13. save water by (not) doing sth. 通过（不）做某事来节水
14. total a. 全部的；总计的
15. step by step adv 一步步地；循序渐进地 用how 提问）
16. write v. ---wrote---written ---writer n. 作者；作家
17. do it alone –do it by yourself v. 独自完成 a lonely old man 一个孤独的老人
18. imagine v. 想象 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
19. your twenty-fifth birthday n. 你25岁的生日
P27
1. information n. 信息（不可数） some information a piece of information

e.g. What important information we’ve got!
2. that is to say 那就是说 say v.—said--said
3. most of the water on the earth n. 地球上大多数的水
4. drinkable a. 可以饮用的；可以喝的
e.g. Polluted water is not drinkable. 被污染了的水是不能喝的。
5. human beings n. 人类 =people
6. right now adv. =right away =at once =immediately 立刻；马上
7. for example 例如 （后跟句子）
8. paint n. 油漆 v. 漆；粉刷 ---painter n. 画家；油漆匠---painting n. 绘画；油画
9. seep v. 渗透 –seeped—seeped
10. earth n. 地球；泥土
11. drinking water n. 饮用水 e.g. Drinking water is for drinking.
12. leak n. 泄漏出的液体
13. fill v. 装满---filled a. 装满的---full a. 满的
14. be filled with sth. v. =be full of sth. 装满/充满了某物 （当表示挤满时还 =be crowded with）
15. in 15 minutes prep. 在15钟后 (How soon 提问)
16. leave the water running v. 让水流淌着 leave v. –left—left
17. may aux.–might 可能
18. wash the dishes v. 洗盘子
19. believe it or not 信不信由你
20. flush v. 冲洗
21. take a shower =have a shower v. 淋浴
22. at least 至少 =no less than at most 最多 =no more than
23. almost =nearly 几乎 almost not =hardly 几乎不
24. even+ 比较级 even happier 更加快乐
25. in groups of four 四人一组
26. get clean more easily 更容易洗/变干净
27. wash them under water 在流动的水下洗
28. prefer A to B =like A better than B 比起B来更喜欢A
29. prefer v. –preferred
30. prefer to do sth. =would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事；偏爱做某事
31. prefer doing A to doing B e.g. prefer running to swimming 比起游泳来更喜欢跑步
32. It doesn’t matter. 没关系。
33. a dripping tap n. 一个滴水的龙头
34. cost v. ---cost—cost 值；花费
◆ cost 物花钱 e.g. The book cost me 25 Yuan.
◆ pay 人花钱 ( paid---paid ) I paid 25 Yuan for the book. 我花了25元买这本书。
◆spend人花钱 ( spent—spent ) I spent 25 Yuan on the book.
◆take 物/事花时 (took—taken) It took me two hours to do my homework.
35. spend还可以用于花时间做某事 ：spend time (in) doing sth.或spend time on sth.
e.g. It took me two hours to do my homework. =I spent two hours doing my homework.
我花了两小时做功课。
36. A: I’m sorry.
B: That’s all right. / It doesn’t matter. / Never mind. / That’s all right.
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