book5---unit1-知识点---学生版.pdf

Book 5unit1 1一.词性变化1.characteristic n.特征 特性-character n.性格;特点;字母;角色;2.painter n.画家 油漆匠-painting n.绘画;油画;-paint v.描绘;绘画;化妆;3.scientific adj.科学的-scientist n.科学家-science n.科学4.conclude v.断定，得出结论-conclusion n.结论;结局;断定5.analyse v 分析-analytic adj.解析的;分解的;善于分析的;6.defeat v 打败 战胜-defeatist n.失败主义者-defeatism n.失败主义7.attend vt.出席，参加;照顾 护理-attendance n.出席，参加;8.deadly adj 致命的-dead adj.死的;-death n.死亡;-die v 死9.absorb vt.吸收-absorbable bs:bbl adj.可吸收的，容易被吸收的;10.suspect vt.;怀疑-suspectable adj.可疑的，有嫌疑的11.severe adj.严重的 严峻的;严厉的;-severely adv.严格地;严重地;12.investigate vt.调查;审查;研究;-investigation n.调查，研究13.blame vt.指责责怪;-blameless adj.无罪的，无可指责的，清白的;14.pollute vt.污染;玷污-pollution n.污染 15.announce vi.宣布-announcement n.通告;宣布16.certainty n.确定，确实性-certain adj.必然的;已确定的;-certainly adv.无疑;当然;确定;肯定;17.instruct v.教导 命令-instruction n.指示，用法说明-instructive adj.有益的，教育性的18.responsible adj.尽责的;承担责任的-responsibility n.责任;职责;责任感19.construct vt.修建，建造;-construction n.建筑物;建造;20.contribute v捐助，贡献；-contribution n.贡献，捐赠，捐助21.positive adj.积极的，肯定的;-positivity pztvt n.积极性-negative adj.消极的，22.private adj.私有的，私人的;-privately adv.私下地 秘密地23.bright adj.明亮的，鲜亮的;聪明的;-brightness n.亮度;明亮;光泽度24.enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的-enthusiasm n.狂热，热情-enthusiast n.热心者;热衷于的人25.reject vt.拒绝;抛弃-rejection n.拒绝;I.词语辨析词语辨析 1).character/characteristic n.character 性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体characteristic 特点，特征（区别于其他事物）【练习】选择 character 或 characteristic 并用其适当的形式填空1）He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others2）People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _.3）What are the _that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?4）Chinese _ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.3)cure/treat 治疗，治疗，cure 表示治愈的结果 treat 表示治疗的过程 After being _ for such a long time,the wound at last.Book 5unit1 24)blame/scold 责备责备blame 责备；谴责责备；责怪”，（常与 on 或 upon 连用），scold 斥责”、“责骂”指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，常用于长辈对晚辈，常用于长辈对晚辈1）Dont _ it on him,but on me.2）The parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.5)reject/refuse 拒绝拒绝reject 后接名词，（含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾）refuse 后接名词，动名词动名词，或，或 refuse to do sth 可表“谢绝”【练习】选择 refuse 或 reject 并用其适当的形式填空1）The Christian Church _ his theory,saying it was against Gods idea.2）I cant stand working with Jane in the same office.She just _to stop talking while she works.重点词汇重点词汇1.conclude vi.终结；结束;推断；决定1）The meeting concluded at ten oclock.会议于十点钟结束。重点用法 conclusion n.结束,结论makedrawreachcome toarrive at a conclusion 下结论，得出结论；bring sth.to a conclusion 使结束；in conclusion 作为结论，最后；2.attend v.1)出席；到场：（正式场合）2)照看；照料：=take care of;look after 重点用法 attendance n 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料 attend school 上学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼3.expose vt.1)使暴露,显露 2)曝光 3)揭露重点用法 exposure n(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒(后接 to+n)；(摄影的)曝光be exposed to.置身于;暴露于（主动形式：expose to.）3）He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。练习用 expose 的恰当形式填空。1）The soil was washed away by the flood，_bare rock 2）The baby was left _the wind and rain 3）The _of the plot against the President probably saved his life4.absorb vt.吸收-重点用法 be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;absorb ones attention 吸引某人注意力1）The equipment can absorb moisture mst from the air 这一设备能从空中吸收水分2）He is absorbed in study.他专心读书。Book 5unit1 33）This job absorbs all of my time.这件工作占用了我的全部时间。练习 汉译英1）颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。5.blame vt责备；谴责；归咎于；n责怪；(过失、过错等)责任1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。2)Who is to blame for the failure?谁该为这次的失败负责?3)The student blamed the teacher for his failure学生因失败而怪老师。重点用法blame sbfor(doing)sth 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sthon sb 因某事而指责某人sbbe to blame for(doing)sth 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)。6.instruct vt 教导;指示1）Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year.刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.2）The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans.in English这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.3）He was instructed when to start through the email.他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知4）He was instructed to sail for New York.他奉命前往纽约。重点用法instruct sb.(in sth.)教,教导,传授技能instruct sb.to do;命令,指示,instruct that 从句从句 通知7.contribute vi&vt捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿1）He contributed to the church他向教会捐款。2）He often contributes to this newspaper他经常向这家报社投稿。3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。重点用法 contribution.n.捐献，贡献；投稿 contributeto 向捐献(投稿)contribute to促成，起作用，有助于 make a contribution totowards 向捐赠；对作出贡献注意:以上短语中 to 为介词；练习用 contribute 的恰当形式或短语填空。1)Everyone is encouraged to _ the discussion.2)Her work has _ our understanding of this difficult subject.3)She has _ poems to literary magazines重点词组重点词组 1put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名1）He put forward a new plan yesterday他昨天提出一个新计划。2）May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席?短语归纳 put on 穿上；增加 put on performances 演出Book 5unit1 4 put an end to 结束；终止 put off 推迟；延期；put ones heart into 全神贯注于 put down 写下 put out 生产；扑灭 put back 放回；送回 put up 举起；张贴练习用 put 构成的短语填空:1)You can take anything from the shelf，but please _ the books when youve finished with them2)He often _ some useful advice.2apart from 除之外;另外典例1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。短语归纳 in addition to 除之外(还有,包括在内)besides 除之外(还有,包括在内)except(for)除之外除之外(还有,不包括在内)except that 除了除之外(还有,不包括在内)练习选择以上短语填空。1)As a senior student,we study other subjects _ English.2)Your article is well written _ some spelling mistakes.3.make sense 讲得通；有意义 典例 What he says makes sense他说的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem?你能明白这首诗的含义吗?What you say is true in a sense你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。短语归纳make no sense 讲不通；无意义 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上 练习 汉译英1）老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。_2）从某种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。_Keys:1)The teacher tried many times,but the long sentence still could not make sense.2)The film is full of meaning in a sense.V 重点句子重点句子 2.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装练习汉译英)只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题_Book 5unit1 5)就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵_3.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转解释with+宾语+v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj./adv./prep.phrases 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等1）With the old man leading the way,we started towards the forest.在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。2.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚解释Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do,does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前Only+状语（从句）放在句首时主句要用部分倒装句型为：only+状语（从句）+be/助动词/情态动词+主语Only in this way,can you learn English well.只有这样，你才能学好英语。Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.只有努力学习才能通过考试。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次，他才来参加会议。Only when he is seriously ill,does he ever stay in bed.病得很重时,他才卧床休息Only then did I realize the importance of English Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents intentions练习汉译英)只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题_)就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵_Keys:1)Only in this way,can you deal with the problem easily.2)Only when you lost it,will you understand how valuable the time is.3.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转解释with+宾语+v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj./adv./prep.phrases 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等典例1）With the old man leading the way,we started towards the forest.在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。练习 汉译英1）老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友_Book 5unit1 6_2）随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了_Keys:1)With a group of children following,the teacher came into the classroom with smile.2)With the test finished,we began our holiday.课文要点（模块）课文要点（模块）课文词汇等填空课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：In the times of Queen Victoria,so-called King Cholera hit Londoners,which often 1 (result in（导致）large numbers of 2 (dead).Thanks to John Snow,then a well known 3 (医生),this deadly disease finally got controlled.John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 .So he began to gather the information,for which he made a map,on which he marked 6 the 7 （受害者）had lived.As a result,he found out that the 8 (污染)water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 （检查）immediately.Finally King Cholera 10 (defeat).答案：1.resulted in 2.deaths 3.doctor 4.the 5.cause 6.where 7.victims 8.polluted 9.be examined 10.was defeated课文大意概括课文大意概括（旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语 这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因，这是 19 世纪发生在伦敦的一种致命的疾病。在斯诺的努力，该疾病终于得到控制。The main idea of this passage is that _答案：The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century.With Snow s great efforts,the disease was finally under control.课文佳句背诵与仿写课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon(and he was)so famous,indeed(插入语),that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.模仿要点两个简单句合并成一句，很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。【模仿 1】.张老师是个热心的老师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们的。_答案：Mr.Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our schoolso kind,I think/I believe/I suppose/I dare say(插入语),that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.【模仿 2】李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤奋我想晚上不到 11 点他不会上床睡觉的。_答案：Li Ping is a hard-working boy in my classso diligent,I suppose,that he never goes to bed until 11 at night.2【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them,all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion:that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Book 5unit1 7模仿要点 冒号加 that 从句【模仿 1】虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出这样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。_答案：Though she didnt believe what other people said,the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion:that her boy friend cheated her.【模仿 2】尽管他很聪明，但他不勤奋。他这学期所经历的失败得出这样的结论：不劳不获_答案：Though he was very clever，he didnt work hard and all his failure(that she experienced)this term led to the conclusion:that no pains no gains.3【原句】He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.模仿要点 句子结构：with 的复合结构作定语修饰前面的名词。【模仿 1】当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛在花坛的两边是两个高大的楼房：左边是教学楼，右边是图书馆。_答案：When you enter the school,you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides the library on your right and the teaching building on your left.【模仿 2】井底之蛙，永远看不到天空的广阔，“好男儿志在四方”，让我们踏歌而行，看高高的灯塔照亮我们远航的路。（with 结构作状语）_ The frog at the bottom of the well is always blind to the extension of the sky.“Ambitious men aims far.”Lets get started,with the tall lighthouse guiding our long voyage,and with the voice of singing accompanying.单元自测单元自测（模块）（模块）1.完形填空完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 2130 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：212完成时间：15分钟难度：*Lang Lang went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight.“You need 1 ,”his father said.“But if you dont work hard,no fortune will come.”What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didnt like him.As a nine-year-old boy Lang Lang was badly 2 .He decided that he didnt want to be a 3 any more.For the next two weeks he didnt touch the piano.4 ,his father didnt push,but waited.Luckily,the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs.He didnt want to,but as he placed his fingers on the piano key,he 5 that he could show others that he had talent after all.In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition,when it was 6 that Lang Lang had won,he was too 7 to hold back his tears.Soon it was clear that he couldnt stay in China foreverhe had to play on the worlds big 8 .In 1997 Lang Lang 9 again,this time to Philadelphia,U.S.There he spent Two years practicing.After his 10 performance at Chicagos Ravinia Festival,gigs(特邀演出)in Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall started pouring in.Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune spots him,and lets him shine.Book 5unit1 81.A.exercise B.fortune C.knowledge D.wealth2.A.hurt B.weakened C.ruined D.frightened3.A.singer B.pianist C.conductor D.player4.A.Hopefully B.Patiently C.Wisely D.Painfully5.A.seemed B.admitted C.noticed D.realized6.A.told B.mentioned C.announced D.recognized7.A.excited B.encouraged C.shocked D.satisfied8.A.conceits B.tours C.competitions D.stages9.A.started .left C.moved D.performed10.A.successful B.cheerful C.respectful D.meaningful答案：本文主要讲述了一位钢琴家成功之路的感人故事。1.B 下文说“如果你不努力，幸运就不会到来”，因此上文是“你需要幸运”。2.A 上文老师的话伤了朗朗，hurt 表示伤了感情或身体，weaken 意为减弱，ruin 意为毁坏，frighten 吓倒，都不符合语境。23.B 受到伤害的直接做法就是不再想做钢琴家了。4.C 朗朗两个星期没练琴，而爸爸没有督促，只是等。下文中讲到了爸爸终于等到了要听的话，所以爸爸的做法是明智的(wisely)。5.D 老师的话伤害了他，使他不再练琴，但当他的手再放在琴键上时，他就意识到(realize)他有能力向别人展示他最终还是有天赋的。26.C 当宣布(announced)朗朗获胜时，他太激动(excited)忍不住流出泪水。27.A 见第 26 题解析。28.D 他不能永远呆在中国，他要到世界的大舞台(stage)上演奏。29.C 1997 年，朗朗又搬家了，这次是去了美国。30.A 由下文的 Lincoln Center 和 Carnegie Hall 特邀演出接踵而至，说明他的演出很成功。2.语法填空语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 31-40 的相应位置上。字数：178完成时间：9 分钟难度：*In the past,there lived a foolish man in a small kingdom called Zheng.One day he wanted to buy 31 a pair of new shoes.He measured his feet with a ruler first and wrote down his size.32 he was in such a hurry to set out 33 he left it at home.When he arrived at 34 shoe shop,he felt in the pocket only 35 (find)that it was not there.So he said apologetically,I have left the measurement at home and dont know the size.Ill fetch it in one minute.36 these words，he hurried off as fast as his legs could carry him.He ran back home,found it and then to the shop again.But still 37 took him quite a while and the shop was already 38 (close)then.He had gone to all this trouble for nothing and did not get his shoes.Then someone asked him with 39 (curious),“Did you buy the shoes for yourself or someone 40?”“For myself,of course.he answered.Then why dont you try the shoes on by yourself?”答案：31.himself。反身代词作间接宾语，从后文知道是给他自己买一双新鞋。32.But。根据上下文逻辑关系这里应该用表示转折的连词。33.that。引出结果状语从句，与前面 such 搭配连用。Book 5unit1 934.a。第一次提到该鞋店应该用不定冠词。35.to find。only 与不定式连用，用作结果状语。意为“结果发现”。36.With。with these words：说完这些话。37.it。指代前面他回家取 measurement（先前所量脚的尺寸）这件事。38.closed。过去分词作表语。39.curiosity。词形转化，此处应该用名词作介词 with 的宾语。40.else。考查 else 的用法。3.信息匹配信息匹配 阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。以下是世界各地一些大学的简介：A.John Douglas University-Located in the United States,this small university is well known for its low cost and excellent science education.B.Oxford University-Located in England,this is one of the worlds oldest and most famous universities.The rich history and beautiful scenery comes at a high cost,but the quality of the classes is excellent.C.Brown College-This three year technical school is located in Australia.It s a very modem campus,which opened only two years ago.The courses focus mainly on computers and multimedia.D.Saint Francis University-This religious university is located in the United States,and asks that all students have a good knowledge of religion and American history.The school isnt the most modern,but it offers scho