Unit4Computerfacts知识点及练习题.docx

Chapter 2 Computer 一．基础篇 （一） 核心单词 1．important a. 重要的 importance n. 重要性 2．necessary a. 必要的 need v. aux. 必须 3．happy a. 快乐的，幸福的 happily adv. 幸福地 4．plan―planned，v. 计划 plan n. 计划 5．hide (hid, hidden) V. 隐藏 6．break (broke, broken) V. 打破，违犯 freeze (froze, frozen) V. 使结冰，使冷冻 7．calculator n. 计算器 8．operate v. 动手术 How do you operate this new machine ? operation n.手术 9．electric a. 电的 electric light 电灯 electricity n. 电 electronic adj. 电子的 10．weigh v. 称……的重量 weigh sth for sb. The watch weighs 0.45 kg. weight n. 重量 11．agree v. 同意 12.What does Joyce think of Sichuan food? 觉得……怎么样？ --- How does Joyce like Sichuan food? 比较： What does the thief look like? 某人长什么样？ How does the thief look? 13.taste n. 味道，味觉 taste v. 品尝 The dish tastes good. He tasted the dish and found it was quite tasty. 14. copy n. . 副本，拷贝 v. 抄写 a copy of the questions ；a copy of Shanghai Students’ Post I copied the text twice yesterday. 15.history n. 历史 historical adj. 历史的 16.develop v. 发展 development n. 17.difficult a.困难的 difficulty n. 困难 18.businessman n.. 女商人 businesswoman n. 男商人 busy a. 忙的 business n. 生意 business hours / letters 19. possible a. 可能的 impossible a.不可能的 possibly adv. 可能地 20.like v. 喜欢 dislike v. 不喜欢 21.honest a. 诚实的 honesty n. 诚实 dishonest a. 不诚实的 22.length n. 长度 long a. 长的 height n. 高度 high a. 高的 weight n. 重量 wide a. 宽的，宽阔的 23. mouse n. 老鼠 鼠标 24. knowledge n. 知识 know v. 知道， 认识 25. type n.类型 v. 打字 26．print v. 打印 印刷 27．judge n. 法官 v. 判断 审判 28．thus adv. 如此；这样；因而 29.几组反意词fast --- slow, high --- low, heavy --- light, flat --- rough （二）词组 1. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 I plan to study abroad next year.(v.) 2. operate on sb. 为某人开刀 3. give a computer instructions by putting a program into it.通过往计算机中输入程序来给计算机指令 by doing sth 通过干。。。。 He decorated a Christmas tree by using a lot of coloured lights.他用很多彩灯来装饰圣诞树 4.raise questions 提问, raise one hand 举手 raise a pet 养宠物, raise some money 酬钱, raise v. 举起 提升；提出； 提高； 及物动词 后接宾语 rise v. 上升 上涨； 增长；起立；不及物动词 ，后不接宾语 比较：The river rose two feet. The sun rises in the east. He rose early to do more reading. He rose to answer the question. 5. be made of wood 用……制成 6. lose weight 减肥, put on weight 增肥 7. agree with sb 同意某人 8..so that 以便 He got up early so that he could catch the school bus. ----He got up early in order to catch the school bus. 9. a number of +复数名词 很多，一些…（谓复） A number of people have seen this film. 10.depand on 依靠 依赖 He has grown up. So he hasn’t depended on his parents any longer.他已长大了， 他不再依靠父母了 mon knowledge 常识 It is common knowledge that the earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转是常识。 12.foe these reasons由于这些原因 13. the answer to the question 这个问题的答案 to 表示 “…. 的” 类似用法： the key to the door the solution to the problem 14. for the time being 暂时 眼下 15.create new ideas 创造新思想 16. have nothing to do 无所事事 17. change our lives 改变我们的生活 18. a human being 人类 19. make a mistake 犯错误 20.for example 例如（用作插入语）,后接句子：such as 例如（只加 sth 或 doing sth）后接单词或词组 In many countries, Italy, for example, family life is much more important than here. People such as my sister get excited easily. 21. in history 在历史上 （三） 英文解释 1．depend on ：rely on ; need 依靠，依赖 Do not depend on your dictionary all the time. 2．for the time being ：at present; now ; 暂时 眼下 现在 I’ll let you keep the book for the time being, but you must return it to me next week. 3．for example 例如（用作插入语）：such as 例如（只加 sth 或 doing sth） In many countries, Italy, for example, family life is much more important than here. People such as my sister get excited easily. 4. realize : come true 实现 5.over: more than 超过 6. be able to : can 能够 7. hardly ever: almost none 几乎不 练习 1． We often call computers_________ brains. (electricity) 2． It is _______that students should attend all the lectures.(importance) 3． Would you like to buy me a packet of _______food? ( freeze) 4． I can use a word processor but I don’t understand its_________.( operate). 5． Bananas are always sold by_______.( weigh) 6． He finds it _______ to stop smoking.( difficulty) 7． She looks _______enough, you can believe her.(honesty) 10. Yangzi River is about 6300 kilometers in__________( long) 11.What’s the _______ of the mountain? (high) 12.Could I have a word with you, if you are not too_______. ( business) 13.Come as quickly as_______(possibly). 14.My mother ______seeing you with me because you are dishonest.( like) 15.She will ________be the greatest writer in the future. ( possible) 16.The sun _____ in the east and _____ in the west. A .rise…set B. raise …set C. rises…sets D. raises…sets 17.She likes to play outside_________ swimming in the river and climbing mountain, etc. A. for example B. so as C. such as D. so that 18.In western countries, Children over 18 should depend on themselves. A. develop B. rely on C. live on D .spend 19. _________visitors from home and abroad will visit Shanghai in 2010 . A. A number of B. The number of C. Huge amounts of D. An amount of 20.She is seriously ill, doctors are preparing for operating_____ her. A. in B. for C. at D. on 二．提高篇 1．Unhappy a. 不幸的，不快乐的 2．plan to do sth : be going to do sth 计划做某事 3．broken arm, frozen food , hidden helpers 4．hardly ever : almost never We hardly ever get frost in Guangzhou. 5． everywhere : here and there, in every part Football is played everywhere in the world. 6. be unaware of : be not knowing about 没有意识到 The student was unaware of his mistake. be aware of 意识到 7．common knowledge : something that is known by most people 常识 It is common knowledge that the Japanese eat sushi. 8．calculate v. 计算 calculation n. 计算，考虑 9．rarely : not often ; seldom 很少地 People rarely eat snake in England. Peter is rarely late, is he ? rarely, never, hardly, seldom, little, few 表示否定 10．the answer to this question the key to the door a visit to the factory the ticket for the film 11．essential : very important , necessary Water is essential to/for life. 12．hold each other’s hand 握手, hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 hold on a minute 稍等片刻 , hold a sports meeting 举行一个校运会 13．hold sth v. : be filled by 容纳 This room can hold 100 people. 14．salesman n. 男销售员 saleswoman n. 女销售员 15．be made in 2001， be made in China be made from wood 16．dear / expensive The coat was $100. It seemed rather dear. Houses are very expensive in this area. dear 指价格比一般情况高，expensive 指超过购买者的能力 17．have a history of …. Years 拥有…. ….年的历史 I like history. 18．The number of…. ….的数量 The number of the students in this school is 1200. 三．语法――― 形容词的原级、比较级和最高级 （1）．本课出现的形容词 1.cheap __cheaper__ the cheapest, 2.fast__ faster__the fastest 3. far__ farther__ farthest far__ further__ furthest further 既可表示 farther 的有形距离的“较远”，“更远”。 也可表示“更多的”，“另一些”，“进一步的”等 4. bad / ill �C- worse ― worst 5.tasty --- tastier --- the tastiest 6. beautiful __more beautiful __the most beautiful （2）考查重点xkb1中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级，比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中，形容词比较等级句型、形容词修饰不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing时的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。 一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 例如，It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。 例如，He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。 例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 例如，How long is the river？ It’s about two hundred metres long. 5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的 例如，The man is ill.（正） The ill man is my uncle.（误） 6.貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的 二、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词， kind（友善的），nice（友好的）， clever（聪明的），foolish（愚蠢的）等 例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.） It’s very rude of her to say such words.（=She is very rude to say such words.） It’s foolish of him to go alone.（=He is foolish to go alone.） 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important（重要的），necessary（必要的），difficult（困难的），easy（容易的），hard（艰难的），dangerous（危险的），safe（安全的），useful（有益的），pleasant（舒适的），interesting（有趣的），impossible（不可能的）等。 例如，It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.） It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.（=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.） It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.（=To get to school on time is necessary for us.） 三．形容词的比较级、最高级 （一）规则变化 1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest 2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest 5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful （二）不规则变化（见考纲） 一、原级的用法 1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too 例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。 My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。 2.原级常用的句型结构 （1）“甲+be+ +as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同” 例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆 凯特年龄一样大。 （2）“甲+be+ not+ as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙… 例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。 二、比较级的用法 1. 可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿 even甚至，still仍然 例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。 This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。 She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。 但注意many more 和 much more 的区别, many more 后接可数名词,而much more 后 接不可数名词 2.比较级常用的句型结构 （1）“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍” 例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。 （2）“甲+be+形容词比较级+than +any other+单数名词（+介词短语）”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。 例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。 =The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。 =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。 注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。 (3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。 　　例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。 　　The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。 　　He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。 (4)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。 　　例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。 　　(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？” 　　例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？ 　　“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？” 　　例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？ 　　3.最高级常用句型结构 (5)“主语+be+ the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。 　　例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。 　　This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。 　　“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。 　　例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。 (6)“主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。 　　例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。 (7)“特殊疑问词+be+ the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 　　例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？ 　　“特殊疑问词+be+ the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较 　　例如，Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？ 形容词练习 　　1 I have _____to do today. 　　 A. anything important 　　 B. something important 　　 C. important nothing D. important something 　　2 ―――Is chemistry more difficult than physics？ 　　 ―――No，chemistry isn’t as ____as physics. 　　 A .easy 　　 B. difficult 　　 C easier D. more difficult 　　3.Beijing is becoming_ ________ and__. 　　 A. more beautiful，more 　　 B. beautiful，beautiful 　　 C. more，more beautiful D .more beautiful，more beautiful 4.______ children there are in a family，_____their life will be. 　　 A. The less，the better 　　 B. The fewer，the better 　　 C .Fewer，richer 　　 D. More，poorer 　　5.The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected. 　　 A. more 　　 B .much more 　　 C. much 　　 D. more much 　　6 Oct 15th was one of ________ days in 2003.The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully. 　　 A. exciting 　　 B. more exciting 　　 C .the most exciting 　　 D much exciting 　　7.I feel even_____ now. 　　 A. bad 　 　B. well C. worse D. worst 8..He is taller than_________ in his class. 　　 A any boy 　　 B. any 　　 C .any other boy 　 D. some other boys 9. The car is running ________.It seems to be flying. 　 A. more and faster 　 B. more and fast 　 C. fast and fast 　 D. faster and faster 　10.English is as _____ as Chinese. You should learn it well. 　 A. important 　 B. more important 　 C. the most important 　 D. much more important 11. Music is not so useful as science. It’s ________ useful than science. 　 A. fewer 　 B. less 　 C more 　 D .a lot 　12.You must wear glasses. They can keep your eyes______. 　 A. soft 　 B. safe C. safely D. safety 　13.He is ______ enough to carry the heavy box. 　 A. stronger 　 B. much stronger 　 C. strong 　 D. the strongest 　14.The box is _____ heavy for the girl___ carry. 　 A. too，to 　 B. to，too 　 C. so，that 　 D. no，to 　15.Do you have ____ to tell us？ 　 A. something new 　 B. new something 　 C. anything new 　 D. new anything 　16.―――Do you think the fish tastes_______？ 　 ―――She cooked it______，I think. 　 A good，good 　 B well，good 　 C well，well 　 D good，well
　I. Choice 1. ―――Is chemistry more difficult than physics？ 　　 ―――No，chemistry isn’t as ____as physics. 　　 A .easy 　　 B. difficult 　　 C. easier D. more difficult 　　2.Beijing is becoming_ ________ and__. 　　 A. more beautiful，more 　　 B. beautiful，beautiful 　　 C. more，more beautiful D .more beautiful，more beautiful 3.______ children there are in a family，_____their life will be. 　　 A. The less，the better 　　 B. The fewer，the better 　　 C .Fewer，richer 　　 D. More，poorer 　　4.The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected. 　　 A. more 　　 B .much more 　　 C. much 　　 D. more much 　　5.I feel even_____ now. 　　 A. bad 　 　B. well C. worse D. worst 6. The car is running ________.It seems to be flying. 　 A. more and faster 　 B. more and fast 　 C. fast and fast 　 D. faster and faster 　7.English is as _____ as Chinese. You should learn it well. 　 A. important 　 B. more important 　 C. the most important 　 D. much more important 8. Music is not so useful as science It’s ________ useful than science. 　 A. fewer 　 B. less 　 C more 　 D .a lot 　9.He is ______ enough to carry the heavy box. xkb1　 A. stronger 　 B. much stronger 　 C. strong 　 D. the strongest 　10.The box is _____ heavy for the girl___ carry. 　 A. too，to 　 B. to，too 　 C. so，that 　 D. no，to 　11.―――Do you think the fish tastes_______？ 　 ―――She cooked it______，I think. 　 A good，good 　 B well，good 　 C well，well 　 D good，well II.Translation 1. Mary 和Kate的年龄一样大。 2. 这个房间不如那个大。 3. 第一课比第二课容易得多。 4. 汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。 5. 这个街道比那个宽。

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