译林牛津8Aunit1friends语法知识点提纲.doc

Unit1 Friends
一、重点词组
1. have something to drink 喝点东西 11. say a bad word about…… 说……的坏话
2. some more food 多一些食物 12. the tallest boy in our class 我们班最高的男生
3. plan to do sth.计划去做某事 13. help them with their problems 帮助他们解决问题
4. care about 关心，关怀 14. travel around the world 环游世界
5.tell lies 撒谎 15. both……and……两者都，既……又……
6. one of my best friends 我最好的朋友之一 16. have a smile on one’s face 某人面带微笑
7. be willing/ready to do sth. 乐意/准备好去做某事 17. play a joke on sb. 取笑某人
8. have a good sense of humor 有很强的幽默感 18. be patient with……对……有耐心
9. walk past 走过，路过 19. be friendly to sb.对某人友好
10. knock ……onto……把……撞到……上 20. in the future 在将来
21. be famous as……作为……而出名 be famous for……因……而出名

comic strip& welcome to the unit
1. Can I have something to drink? 我能喝点什么吗？
本句用于征求对方意见，希望能够得到对方的肯定回答。something to drink意为“一些喝的东西”，动词不定式to drink作后置定语修饰不定代词something。
翻译：你想要喝点什么吗？
没什么可担心的。
2、What about some milk? 来点牛奶怎么样？
what/how about + sth./doing sth.?是向别人提出建议时常用的句型，也可以在具体语境中表示对上一个问题的省略。其中about是介词。
表示建议的句型：

补充：sb. had better (not) do sth.某人最好（不）做某事
It’s best for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是最好的
翻译：你最好休息一下。
夏天学游泳对你来说是最好的。
3. What makes your friend so special? 什么使你的朋友如何特别呢？（what作主语）
此处make为使役动词，意为“使，让”,结构为“make+宾语+宾语补足语（无to不定式/adj.）”
翻译:我的礼物使他很高兴。
他的笑话使我大笑。
拓展：keep,find,think等也可以接形容词作宾语补足语，eg. We should keep our classroom clean.我们应该让我们的教室保持干净。I found it interesting to learn English.我发现学英语很有趣。
4.Can you tell him/her everything about yourself? 你能把关于自己的所有事情都告诉他/她吗？
tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事 tell sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人（不要）去做某事
tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事 tell jokes/stories/lies说笑话/故事/谎
辨析：tell talk say speak

补充：speak有时指演说或正式发言，也可以用于“speak to sb.和某人通电话”
翻译：指示牌上写着“禁止吸烟“。
你妈妈能说英语吗？
告诉他晚上别出去？
你们在谈论什么？
5. Do you believe what he/she says? 你相信他/她说的话吗？
此句为believe+宾语从句，宾语从句要使用陈述句语序，即“主+谓+其他”，如果是特殊疑问句在宾语从句中应改为“特殊疑问词+主+谓+其他”的语序。
翻译：你知道他住在哪儿吗？
那个售货员知道这双鞋多少钱。
我以前并不知道是谁在我生病的时候帮助了我。
6. You can trust them because they never tell lies.你能信任他们因为他们从不说谎。
trust 意为“信任，信赖”，多指相信人，是及物动词；believe意为“相信”，多指相信语言或事情的真实性，后可跟宾语从句。
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie(vi.说谎)
lied
lied
lying
lie(vi.躺，位于)
lay
lain
lying

Reading
1. Betty is one of my best friends. 贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。
one of +复数，……之一，one of +形物/the + adj.最高级+名词复数，意为“最……之一”
one of the biggest countries最大的国家之一 one of his best paintings他最好的作品之一
翻译：李雷是我们班最高的男生之一。
马铃薯是我最喜欢的蔬菜之一。
2. She is willing to share things with her friends.她愿意和她的朋友们分享东西。
be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事 share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物
杰克乐意帮我打扫房子。
她总是和我们分享她的故事书。
3. She always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need. 她总是在公共汽车上把座位让给有需要的人。
give one’s seat to sb.给某人让座 someone in need 有需要的人
(be) in (great) need of sth. (急)需要某物
鲍勃经常帮助那些有需要的人。
这个贫困家庭急需要钱。
4. She wants to be a singer when she grows up.她长大后想成为一名歌手。
when引导的时间状语从句（if引导的条件状语从句）通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，主句常用一般将来时，即“主将从现”。
如果明天不下雨，他将去钓鱼。
爸爸没告诉我他什么时候来。当他来时，我会给你打电话。

Grammar
1. 形容词/副词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解
大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……”
① 形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成
a. 规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变y加; more/ most
b. 不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good / well
better
best
bad / ill
worse
worst
many / much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther, further
farther, further
old
older, elder
oldest, eldest
②比较级前的修饰语
still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years
形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型
① A=B A+ be + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。一样）
He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。
He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。
② A≠ B A + be+ not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。不一样）
They didn’t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。
I’ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。
③ A > B 或A < B A + be + 比较级 + than + B （比。。。更。。。）
Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。
Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。
④ 表示倍数A + be + twice/four times/… + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的两倍/四倍/…）
This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。
The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。
⑤ 表示程度的递增主语 + V + 比较级+ and+比较级 (…越来越…)
主语 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (…越来越…)
The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。
⑥ 表示两种情况同时变化
The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …，the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …(…越…越…)
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.=If we get together more, we’ll be happier.
我们聚得越多，我们就会越高兴。
The harder you study, the better you’ll be at English.= If you study harder, you’ll be better at English.
你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。
⑦ 主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级 + n.(pl.) + in/of… (…是最…之一)
Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。
⑧ 主语+ be+ the+ 最高级 + in/of… (范围) (…最…)
Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。
⑨ 主语+ be+ the+ 比较级 + of the two… (…<两者中>较…的)
Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。
⑩ 主语+ be+ 比较级 + than + any other +n. (单数) + in… (…比任何其他的更…)
主语+ be+ 比较级 + than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…)
He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。
= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
= He is the tallest students in his class.
杰克是我们班最矮的男孩。
这台电脑是这三台中最贵的。
我的书比他的书有趣。

语法针对性练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1This book is not as ________（interest）as that one.
2. Betty looks much __________(slim) than before.
3. Dad, you are carrying the ________ (heavy) bag of the three.
4. Do you think the film is a good one? ---Yes, I think it is the _______ (good) film this year.
5. Who is the ______ (busy) in your family? ----My mother is. She is always as _____ (busy) as a bee.
二、单项选择
6. ----Our school bus will leave at 8 O’clock tomorrow. Don’t be late.
----OK. I’ll be there ten minutes_______.
A. sooner B. slower C. faster D. earlier
7. ---How _____ the song sounds! I have never heard a better one.
A. beautifully B. sweet C. well D. bad
8. --- I think English is as ______ as maths.
--- I agree with you.
A. more interesting. B. most interesting C. the most interesting D. interesting
9. My grandpa told a good story, but I told a ________ one.
A. good B. better C. best D. worse
10. _______ careful you are, _______mistakes(错误) you’ll make。
A. The more; the fewer B. The fewer; the more
C. The more; the more D. The less; the less
11. Of the two skirts, I’d like to choose the ______ one to save some money for a cap.
A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
12. Shanghai is bigger than _______ in Jiangsu.
A. any other city B. any city C. all the other cities D. all the city
13.--- Tom, what do you think of the school?
--- Oh, no other school is ______ in the city. It’s ______ one.
A. better, a better B. the best, the best C. better, the best D. the best, a better
14. ---Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the school talent show?
--- OK, but a dress might be ________.
A. good B. bad C. better D. worse
15. --- Which girl is your cousin, Jacky?
--- ______ one of the two is my cousin. She is called Betty.
A. The tall B. The tallest C. The better D. A taller
16. Boris has a good brain. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____ IQ.
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
17.--- I really like to watch the TV program I AM A SINGER.
--- Me, too. It’s one of the ______ TV programs I’ve ever seen.
A. more boring B. least interesting C. most boring D. most interesting
18. Mo Yan is one of _______ writers in the world.
A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous
19. Which city is_____ like Suzhou, Paris, Sydney_____ London?
A. more; and B. much; or C. most; and D. most; or
20. Nanjing isn’t so large ______ Shanghai. However, it’s the second ______ city in East China.
A. like; largest B. as; largest C. like; large D. as; large