牛津译林版M5U3基础知识归纳.doc

M5U3 基础知识归纳
1：forward-looking technology 前沿的科学技术
far-sighted 有远见的 short-sighted 目光短浅的
2：the perfect copy 完美的复制品 copy(n.) 复制品 copy (v.) 复制
3：Scientist have announced (宣布，宣告)that they have cloned (克隆)the first human embryo（胚胎）.
announce sth to sb ： Eg: They announced their engagement 订婚) to their friends.
4：debate (v.) 辩论，讨论 debate (n.) a debate on/over/about sth 关于..的一场辩论
Cause=give rise to=lead to much debate 引起了很多争议 （debate 在这里为不可数名词）
5：on (the) one hand, on the other hand. 一方面，另一方面
for one thing, for another 一方面，另一方面
6：tissue1）：1): (生物)组织 brain tissues 大脑组织
2）：纸巾 a box of tissues 一盒纸巾
7：If mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life (真实的，现实生活中的) monster（怪物）.
toy with 摆弄，玩弄，把…当儿戏
on one’s way to (doing) sth : 某事即将发生，即将来临
Eg: He is on his way to becoming a singer 他离成为一名歌手已经不远了。
8：Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant using (现在分词做状语)its cells.
an exact copy of sth ….的精确复制品 exact exactly (adv.) exactness (n.)
9：the first mammal to be cloned successfully 第一只成功克隆的哺乳动物
名词前有序数词 first 修饰时，+ to do 做定语 Eg: the first student to go to school
10：at a much younger age than normal : 在比正常年轻很多的年纪
11：However, in general (通常;大体上) the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance. （科技进步）
Generally speaking 一般来说 praise sb for sth 因…而赞扬某人 praise(n.) 赞扬
12：consider doing sth 考虑做某事 consider sb/sth as把…当做
consider sb/sth to be 把…当做take sth into consideration/account 把…考虑在内
considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的，体贴的 be considerate to sb
considerable (adj.) 相当多（大，重要）
固定的现在分词做状语的结构：considering… 考虑到… taking…into consideration 考虑到 allowing for 考虑到 judging from 从…来看 speaking of =talking of=when it comes to 说到..谈论起
13：However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.
with the intention of : 为了，以…为目的或意图 without intention 无意地，不是故意得
intend to do 打算做某事… be intended for sth/to do sth : 专为..而打算的，准备的
had intended to do=intend to have done 本打算做（但是又没做）
show respect for 尊重 show no respect for 不尊重 =show disrespect for
out of respect 出于尊重 respectfully=with respect
14：cause a lot of anxiety 引起焦虑 anxiety (n.) 焦虑，不安，忧虑 anxious (adj.) 着急的
get rid of =remove one’s anxiety 消除某人的焦虑（ with anxiety=anxiously 焦虑得
be anxious about 为…担忧 eg：She is anxious about her son’s safety
be anxious for sth/ to do sth 渴望得到/渴望去做
Eg: New graduates(毕业生) are anxious for a good job.
15：have a child of my own 有一个自己的小孩
of one’s own 属于自己的 on one’s own 独自得，独立得
16：adopt (v.) 1）收养，领养 adopt a child 收养小孩
adopted adj. 收养的 a adopted child
2）采取，采纳 adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度
adoption (n.) 采取；收养
eg: The adoption of the new technology improve the production.(生产)
17：If I had the chance , I would have a cloned (adj.克隆的)baby right now.
(对现在情况的虚拟)
18：While (尽管，表转折) cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
legal(adj.) 合法的 illegal (adj) 非法的
push ahead with 推行，推进
19：An Italian physician (医师，内科医生) has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being. 名词前面有序数词修饰，后加不定式做定语！
20：In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used (将要被用在…后置定语) in medical treatment. （在医疗总）
focus one’s effort on sth 集中精力于 with efforts focused on sth.
21：succeed in doing sth 成功做成来了某事
22：continue to research ways in which (不填、that) cloning can benefit mankind.
benefit ( v.)sb : 使某人收益 sb benefit from 从…当中收益
be of benefit (n.) to sb : 对..有益 =be beneficial (adj) to sb
23: deal with the consequences 处理后果
Consequence (n.) 可数 后果，结果
in consequence = as a consequence 因此，结果
in consequence of = as a consequence of 由于，作为…的后果 = on account of
bear /take the consequences 承担后果
consequent （adj.） 必然的，因…而引起的 consequently adv. 因此，结果
24: Human life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale.
a crop to be harvested : 可以被收获的庄稼
produce 1）v. 生产 2）n. 农产品 production (n.) 生产，制造 product (n.) 产品
a product for sale. 可供买卖的产品
for sale 共出售，待售 on sale 1) 正在出售 ； 2） 打折出售
25：point out 指出 be delighted to do 很高兴去做 delight(v.) to one’s delight (n.)
26: comment / remark on 对..做出评论 make comments/remarks on 对…做出评论
27: in complete agreement with 完全赞同
Complete 1) v. 完成 complete primary education 完成初等教育
2）adj. 完全的，完整的 syn. total
请对比区分 compete :参赛，竞赛 compete in
28：challenge moral ideas for centuries 几个世纪以来一直在挑战道德观念
moral (adj.) 道德上的 immoral 不道德的
29：on a personal note 就我个人而言
On a …. note 以…语气，以…论调
30：totally transform my life 彻底改变我的生活 totally=completely=radically
transform 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方面)；使改变形态
transform sb/sth from ….into 。。。。
transformation (n.) 转变，变化
31: come across difficult scientific terms. 偶遇科技术语
32：as a whole 从整体上来看 on the whole 大体上，总的来说
33：make sense 讲得通，有道理 make no sense
34: anti-: against, be opposed to (反对) anti-smoking responsible—irresponsible(不负责任的)
35: It turn out to be a monster 原来是, 结果是 turn out to be=prove to be
36: Tight laws （严格的法律） should be put in place （准备就绪）to make cloning human being illegal (非法的，书写！).
in place 1) 在正确的位置 Everything for the celebration is already in place.
2) 准备就绪，到位 Funding arrangements are already in place 资金安排到位
37：be made up of = consist of 由…组成，构成
38：Now you can see how similar our school life is to our body.
39: She lay trapped under the building. (She lay and was trapped in the building)
lay 躺，谓语动词 trapped 作为伴随状语
40：It is a challenging profession. （具有挑战性的职业，行业）
professional (adj.) 专业的，职业的 professor (n.) 教授
41：do/conduct thousands of experiments 做、进行…实验
42：He is always working in his lab, trying to figure out all the mysteries.
be always doing 总是做，一直做（带有感情色彩）
trying….做伴随状语 figure out算出; 理解; 想出
43: the other day 前几天（搭配一般过去时态）
44：He told me he had had a breakthrough.
have / made / achieve a breakthrough in sth : 在…方面取得重大突破
45：be / get tired of = be tired with 对..乏味
46：I am totally burnt out. 我完全累垮了。 get/ be burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮=be tired out
47: be similar to 类似于，与…类似 be similar in sth 在…方面类似
similarity n.) 相似点，相似性 familiarity 熟悉 （注意书写！）
48：judge: judge sb from/by ; 根据….来判断
judge sb to be/as 认为/判断 某人是 judging from/by : 固定插入结构
judgment =judgement (都可以) （n.）
49：side effects 负面影响
50：with reference to sth : 关于，提及到=in regard to sth
51：follow in their footsteps 效仿… conduct a survey 进行试验
52：in summary 总的来说 = to sum up summarize (v.) 总结，概括
53：insist on doing sth 坚持做某事
Insist+ that从句 1) 坚持要求，主张 +（should） do
2) 坚持认为 +陈述语气 （注意时态）
54：keep alive the good qualities of …( 继承优良品质)
55：have a reliable supply （可靠的供给）of high-quality food for years to come. (将来的岁月)
56：nutrition (n.) 营养 malnutrition （n.） 没有营养 nutritious (adj.) 有营养的
57：some day 将来的某一天
58：agriculture (n.) 农业 agricultural （adj） 农业的
59：focus on conservation 关注自然保护
60：Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. 并非一切对自然来说是最好的就意味着对人类也好。
Not everything 为部分否定 = Everything that is best for nature isn’t good for people.
61: favor 支持，赞同，偏袒 in favor of 支持，赞同
do sb a favor= do a favor for sb 帮某人一个忙
62：from the point of view of some people 从一些人的观点来看 (应用与作文中！)
63：meet/satisfy our needs/requirements/demands 满足我们的需求、要求
64: cause a catastrophe 引起灾难 （书写！）
65：a decade 十年 two decades 二十年 （decade 可数名词） decades of 数十年
66：rather than 而不是 other than 除了
67：use up natural resources at a fast pace 快速 用光，耗尽自然资源
68：wealth （n.）财富 wealthy （adj.）富有的
69：bring..back to life 使回复生机 in nature 本质上
70：sb be blamed for 为..受责罚 sb be to blame 为..承担责任
71：We all need air to breathe and pure water to drink. Pure (adj.) 纯净的，干净的
72：It is mankind’s responsibility to do sth 做…是某人的责任
73：Doors has been opened up to technologies. 通向所以的科技之门打开了。
74：Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified food. 转基因食品是最好的例子
否定词 nowhere+ 形容词比较急 truer = 最高级
75：insert sth into sth 把…嵌入，置入
defend sb against pests保护…免受害虫的危害 defense (n.)
76: raise a question 提出问题 raise a child = bring up a child ； raise money for charity 筹钱
77：limit sth to sth 把…限制在 be limited to limited (adj.)有限的
78：profit (v.) sb : 对…有益 profit from 从…当中收益
sell sth at a profit（n.） 卖掉…有利可图
79: There is also a question as to whether GM plants are safe for the environment.
还有一个有关…的问题 as to =as for 关于，至于
80：No one knows what effects the GM material might have on the food chain. (定从，修饰effect)
81: Many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production (生产) of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with /about (对…小心，谨慎) new technology
Give permission for 准许 permit (n.) 许可证 without permission 未经许可
hesitate to do 迟疑去做某事 without hesitation (毫不迟疑)
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