人教高中英语选修八全册重点单词解析unit1unit2unit3unit4unit.doc

Unit1 a land of diversity
1.illustrate v. 说明, 阐明, 图解, 配图
The company's bank statements illustrate its success.
这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
This diagram will illustrate what I mean.
这个图表可说明我的意思
She decides to use charts and diagrams to illustrate.
她决定用图表来说明。
Let me illustrate.
让我举出这样一个例子来
illustrate by facts
用事实说明
Illustrate five of your words.
图解你的五个单词
The publisher will illustrate the book .
那个出版商将给这本书配图。
illustrated adj. 有插图的
illustrative adj. 解说性的,说明性的
illustration n. 1.（书、杂志等中的）插图, 图表, 图案
例证, 实例; 说明, 图解, 图示
Here is another illustration:
这是另外一个例子。
Acting or serving as an illustration.
作为解释说明的
Take an airline as an illustration.
以航空公司为例子.
2.distinct adj. 截然不同的; 清晰的,明显的
Those two ideas are quite distinct.
这两个主意完全不同。
Gold is distinct from iron.
金在性质上不同于铁。
There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.
你的英语口语有明显的进步。
His pronunciation is quite distinct.
他的发音非常清楚。
It is distinct that smoking is harmful to health.
很明显, 抽烟对健康有害。
a distinct image
清晰的图像
distinct improvement
明显的改进
distinction n. 明显差别,特征; 卓越,优秀; 荣誉,奖赏
I can't see any distinction between these two cases.
我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。
He is a writer of real distinction.
他是一位真正才智超群的作家。
He has gained a distinction in various fields of scholarly
studies.他在多种科学的学术研究中享有盛名。
the main distinction
主要区别
a nice distinction
细微的差别
A diplomat of distinction.
一位卓越的外交官
an essential distinction
本质差别
3.majority n. 大多数 半数以上; 超过的票数;
法定年龄 成年
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.
他的大部分书收藏在楼上。
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
这次的大部分损害容易补救。
The draft resolution was adopted by a majority of 128.
这项提案以超过128票的多数获得通过。
She has reached her majority.
她已达到法定年龄。
She has reached her majority.
她已达到法定年龄。
a slender [narrow] majority 微弱的多数
an overwhelming majority 绝大多数
*be in the majority属多数；占多数
Publishing houses where women are in the majority.

妇女占多数的出版社。
major adj. 较大的 主要的 严重的
n. 少校 专业 主修科目
vi. 〈美〉主修 专攻
There are major and minor principles in everything, and the
minor principles are all subordinate to the major.
事情有大道理, 有小道理, 一切小道理都归大道理管着。
They suffered some major setbacks during the fighting.
在这次战斗中, 他们遭到了严重挫折。
The car needs major repairs.
这辆汽车需要大修。
The major ordered his men to fall in at once.
少校命令他的士兵立即集合。
Mathematics is my major. 我的专业是数学
Are you majoring in English Literature?
你是在专修英国文学吗?
4.ministry n. (政府的)部; 牧师职位；神职任期
(US=department)
The Ministry has resigned.
内阁辞职了。
Ministry of Civil Affairs
民政部
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
外交部
the Ministry of National Defence
国防部
The ministry of preaching.
布道的神职
He is training for the ministry.
他正在接受培训,准备做牧师。
牧师: blackcoat churchman minister pastor priest
minister n. 部长,大臣; 外交使节; 某些新教教会的牧师
(US=secretary)
the prime minister 首相；(内阁)总理
Minister of Defence 国防大臣
the Minister of F-Affairs (=F-Minister) 外交部长
5.adventure n. 冒险活动; 冒险经历; 奇遇
All the children listened to his adventures with eager attention.
孩子们注意力十分集中地听他讲他的冒险经历。
The trip to Afghanistan was an adventure for Helen.
到阿富汗旅行对海伦来说是一次冒险的经历。
Stories of adventure thrilled him .
探险小说使他神情激动。
He is full of adventure.
他富有冒险精神。
Adventure travel is becoming very popular.
探险旅游正在盛行起来。
v. 冒险
No man would adventure it.
没有人敢冒险做这种事。
Those explorers gallantly adventured on unknown seas.
那些探险家们大胆地在陌生的海域探险。
6.make a live
Most people are so busy making a living that they forget to
make a life.
大多数人忙于求生,而忘了真正的生活!
7.percentage n. 百分率, 比率
Television attracts a large percentage of the people.
电视吸引了大部分观众。
What is the percentage of nitrogen in air?
空气中所含的氮的比例是多少?
What percentage of children were absent?
缺席的学童占百分之几?
The figure is expressed as a percentage
那数字是以百分比表示的.
a percentage of 5
百分之五
the percentage of greenery coverage
城市绿化覆盖率
percent 百分比,百分数;百分之一
be hundred-percent sure
有十分把握
Genius in one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent
perspiration.
天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的努力.
Fifteen percent discount to you.
给您打八五折。
cut down by ten percent
减少百分之十
a 97 percent cure rate
治愈率达97%
8.boom n. v.激增,猛涨; 兴隆,迅速发展,繁荣昌盛
发出隆隆声，轰鸣，轰响
Business is booming.
生意日趋繁荣。
He is booming as a teacher.
作为一位教师, 他日趋成功。
The guns boomed.
大炮隆隆作响。
The boom has created job opportunities.
经济繁荣创造了就业的机会。
The new aircraft creates a sonic boom.
那种新飞机会产生声震。
9. 柬埔寨Cambodia; 泰国Thailand 越南Viet Nam
老挝Laos 缅甸Burma (东南亚)
10. 巴基斯坦Pakistan(南亚) 巴勒斯坦Palestine(西亚)
11.Korea(高丽)是南北朝鲜的统称。
1948年南北分开成立政府以后，各持有正式名称：
朝鲜：(DPRK)
the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea(north Korea)
韩国：(ROK)(South Korea)
the Republic of Korea(south Korea)
12.racial adj. 人种的, 种族的
They have long been involved in a campaign for racial
equality.长期以来他们一直致力于争取种族平等的运动。
They have the same racial type. 他们有相同的种族类型。
We should have racial pride.我们应该有种族优越感。
He spoke out against racial discrimination.
他声言反对种族歧视。
racial differences; racial discrimination/prejudices.
种族差异；种族歧视。
racial equality
种族平等
racial conflict 种族冲突
race 1.人种, 种族类, 族2.(速度)比赛, 赛跑; 竞争;.赛马会
Marathon (race)
马拉松赛跑 hurdle race
跨栏跑
a dragon-boat race
赛龙船
motorcycle race
摩托车比赛
arms race; armament race
军备竞赛
Australian race
澳大利亚人种 the black race
黑种人
the human race
人类 mixed race 混血人种
v. (使)参加比赛快速移动; 快速运转
I'll race you home.
我和你比赛看谁先到家。
He raced his car across the desert.
他开车驶过那片荒漠。
Let's race to see what is happening.
咱们跑去看看发生了什么事情。
13.apply “应用”、“运用”、“适用” “涂, 敷”
apply to…(适用于); apply…to…(把…应用于…)
We decided to apply a new method. 我们决定使用新方法。
In this way we can better apply theory to practice.
这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
The rule doesn’t apply in all cases.
此规则并非适用于所有的情形。
The book does not apply to beginners.
这书不适合于初学者。
These methods apply to learning English.
这些方法适用于英语学习。
Apply medicine to his wound.
在他伤口上涂药。
apply“申请” apply for(申请得到); apply to do(申请做某事)
apply to...for... (向...申请...)
You may apply in person or by letter.
你亲自或通过书信申请均可。
More than 30 people applied for the position.
有30多个人申请这个职位。
He applied to stay there. 他申请留在那儿。
(比较以下两同义句：)
去年他申请入党。
正：Last year he applied to join the Party.
正：Last year he applied for membership in the Party.
He applied to us for help. 他向我们求援。
They applied to the government for financial help.
他们向政府申请经济援助。
apply apply oneself to (专心致力于，专心从事)，(to 是介词)
He applied himself to his work. 他专心工作。
She applied herself to learning English. 她专心学习英语。
Apply your mind to your work. 专心工作吧。
apply的派生词:
applicable adj. 适用于
This rule is not applicable to foreigners.
这条规则不适用于外国人。
applicant n. 申请者(可数)
There are three applicants for the job.
有三个人申请这项工作。
application n. 申请(不可数)；申请书(可数)；
使用，应用 ，适用(可数或不可数)：
Application must be made this afternoon.
申请必须在今天下午提出。
It’s of very wide application. 它的适用范围很广。
We received 60 applications for the job.
对这项工作我们收到60个人的求职申请
14.custom n. 习惯, 风俗; 个人习惯,习性；光顾,惠顾
It is the custom of foreigners to do so.
这种做法是外国人的习惯。
It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously...
他习惯谨慎地处理每一个问题。
We would like to have your custom.
我们欢迎您的惠顾。
Providing discounts is not the only way to win custom.
打折并不是招揽顾客的唯一途径。
customs 关税; .海关
He walked through customs.他步行通过海关
A customs union comprising Belgium and Netherlands and

Luxembourg.比利时、荷兰和卢森堡三国关税同盟。
We clear customs.
我们就去通关。
They are collecting customs.
他们正在收缴关税
The camera cleared customs.
相机通过海关了。
At the customs counter.
在海关柜台
customer n. 顾客,客户,用户
15.ocdur v. 发生,出现,存在; 被发现; 被想起
I hope this won't occur again.
我希望不要再发生这种事情。
Silver occurs natural.
银是天然存在的。
When did the earthquake occur?
地震是什么时候发生的？
The word “gratitude” did not occur in his words.
“感激”两字在他的话中是见不到的。
It never occurred to me that he would become a K.C.
我从来也不会想到他能成为一名王室法律顾问。
Did it occur to you to close the window ?
你有没有想到关窗户？
His name did not occur to my memory.
我记不起他的名字了。
16.indicate v. 指出,标出,表明,暗示
A survey of retired people has indicated that most are
independent and enjoying life.
对退休人员的调查表明，大部分人都自食其力，享受生活。
This indicates whether remedies are suitable for children.
由此可以看出治疗方法是否适合儿童。
Mr Rivers has indicated that he may resign...
里弗斯先生暗示他可能会辞职。
He indicated a chair. 'Sit down.'
他指着一把椅子说，“坐下。”
Dreams can help indicate your true feelings.
梦可以反映你的真实感情。
The needles that indicate your height are at the top right-hand corner.显示你身高的指针在右上角。
indicator n. 指针,指示器, 转弯指示灯; 方向灯
指示物,指示者.指示信号
indication n. .指示, 表示; 象征, 迹象
Did he give you any indication of his feelings?
他向你表示了自己的感情了吗?
17.apparent adj.显然的, 清晰可见的, 表面上的
His guilt is apparent to all.
他的罪恶尽人皆知。
His anxiety was apparent to everyone.
大家都能看出他的焦虑。
The apparent truth was really a lie.
表面上看似实话, 实际上是个谎言。
It is obvious/apparent/clear that…
很显然……
apparent shoreline
显而易见的海滨线
18.fascinating adj.迷人的,吸引人的
The changing vivid colors of the sunset are really fascinating.
日落时变化多端的色彩确实使人心醉神迷。
Your ideas are fascinating to me.
你的这些主意对我来说是有吸引力的。
fascinate
Her beauty fascinated every boy.
她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。
The snake fascinated its prey.
这条蛇震慑住了它要捕食的动物。
fascination n. 迷恋,着迷; 魅力;有魅力的东西
He found great fascination in her quiet, frank manner.
他迷恋她娴静、坦率的举止。
He had a deep fascination with all forms of transport.
他对所有的运输工具都很着迷。
She completely forgot her shyness in her fascination with what
he was saying.
他的话使她入了迷，完全忘记了羞怯。
Stamp collecting holds a certain fascination for me
我特别喜爱集邮.
Old churches have a certain strange fascination for me.
旧教堂对我具有某种奇特的魅力。
19.take in 欺骗; 使上当
The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies.
这个推销员发现老太太们容易上当受骗。
If you trust him, you will certainly be taken in.
如果你相信他, 你一定会受骗。
领会; 理解
I wonder if he's really taking it in.
我想知道他是否真正明白了。
The lecturer had the feeling that a good deal of what he said
had not been taken in by the students.
演讲人觉得他说的许多话学生都没有领会。
接待; 收留
He had nowhere to go, so I took him in.
他无处可去, 所以我收留了他。
My house is full; I can't take in any more guests.
我的房子已客满, 不能再容纳更多的客人了。
包括
The study of physics takes in many difficult subjects.
物理的学习包括许多困难的方面。
吸入
The boat is taking in water!
船进水啦!
改小;改短
The coat is to large for me. I had to had it took in.
20.nowhere adv. 无处, 哪里都不
The poor has nowhere to live.
这个可怜的老人无处可住。
There's nowhere else I really want to go to.
没有别的地方是我真正想去的。
That kind of talk will get you nowhere.说那种话对你没好处。
Five dollars goes nowhere now.现在五美元买不到什么东西。
Such methods will get you nowhere.
这些做法不会有什么结果。
She rose to fame out of nowhere.
她莫名其妙地就出名了。
Nowhere have I seen your bike.我从未见过你的自行车。
21.mourn 哀悼
The couple mourned for their dead child.
这对夫妻哀悼死去的孩子。
She mourned the loss of her brother.
她因为失去了哥哥而悲痛。
mourn a deceased friend
哀悼亡友
mourn for a dead friend
悼念亡友
21.civil adj. 公民的 国内的 民用的 民间的
civil war
国内战争、内战
civil law
民法
civil case
民事案件
civil servants 公务员
enjoy civil rights
享有公民权
Ministry of Civil Affairs
民政部
22.authority n.权威；权力；学术权威；
行政管理机构; [复数]当权者(authorities)
A policeman has the authority to arrest lawbreakers.
警察有权逮捕犯法的人。
He has the authority for handling this matter.
他有权力处理这件事。
A good dictionary is an authority on the meanings of
words.
一本好词典是词义的权威。
The prison authorities have been criticized for not moving more quickly to end the protest by inmates.
监狱当局因没有尽快采取行动制止犯人抗议而受到批评
The new building must be financed by the local authority.
新大楼的建筑资金必须由地方当局提供。
the Health Education Authority.卫生教育局
23.grasp n.v. 抓紧,握牢,握紧; 掌握,控制; 理解；领悟；明白
He grasped both my hands.他紧紧抓住我的双手。
She was trying to grasp at something.
她正试图抓住什么东西。
His hand was taken in a warm, firm grasp.
他的手被热情地紧紧握住了
The Government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the
crisis. 政府当局还没有意识到这场危机的严重性。
He grasped that Stephen was talking about his wife.
他明白斯蒂芬在说他的妻子。
She allowed victory to slip from her grasp.
她让胜利从手中溜走了。

Unit2 cloning
1.differ vi. 不同 有异 持异议
Nylon and silk differ.
尼龙与丝绸不同。
Virus particles differ in shape.
病毒颗粒有不同的形状。\
The two brothers often differ.
他们兄弟俩常常发生分歧。
Opinions differ on this matter.
对这件事各人看法不一。
differ in length
长短不一
Opinions differ from each other.
不同的人更是见仁见智。

He often differs from me in opinion.
他常与我意见相左。
different adj. 不同的, 差异的
difference n. 差别, 差异; 差距, 差额
2.exact adj. 精确的, 准确的; 严格的, 严谨的
Please give me your exact age.
请把你的确切年龄告诉我。
His memory is very exact; he never makes mistakes.
他的记忆非常准确, 从不出错。
Accountants have to be very exact.
会计必须十分严谨。
exact date
具体日期
to be exact
确切地说
an exact definition
确切的定义
the exact figures
精确无误的数字
An exact speaker.
一个严谨的演讲者
3.identical adj. 同一的;.完全同样的
She wore the identical dress on both occasions.
在两种场合穿的是同一件衣服。
identical views
清一色的看法
The opinions are identical.
意见完全一致。
Your appearance is identical to hers.
你的相貌和她的一模一样。
My opinion is identical with yours.
我的意见和你的相同。
The copy is identical with/to original.
这件复制品与原件一模一样。
mercial adj..商业的, 商务的
I work for a commercial radio station.
我在一家商业广播电台工作。
His new record is much too commercial.
他的新唱片太商业化了。
commercial bank
商业银行
commercial college
商专
commercial crisis
商业危机
commercial center
商业中心
commercial value
商业价值
commercial morality
商业道德
commerce n.(指国际间的）贸易；商业；商务
They drew up plans aimed at expanding commerce.
他们拟定了发展商业的计划。
Electronic Commerce
电子商务与网络财务
retail commerce
零售商业
Future Commerce Pattern——Internet Electronic Commerce
未来的商务模式——Internet电子商务
Commerce and Industry Bureau
工商局。
Industry and commerce are flourishing.
工商业很发达。
plicated adj. 复杂的, 难懂的
This is the most complicated case I have ever handled.
这是我所处理过的最为复杂的案子。
Life is so complicated.
生活是如此复杂。
English grammar is very complicated.
英语语法非常复杂。
A complicated or involved process.
错综复杂的过程
Chopin aroused very complicated emotions in her.
肖邦的乐曲唤起了她极其复杂的感情。
complicate v. 使复杂化
These events will greatly complicate the situation.
这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。
There is no need to complicate matters.
没有必要使问题复杂化。
complication n. 使更复杂化的事物 ; 并发症
6.undertake v. 担任,从事,负责,保证; 着手,开始
I want you to undertake all the responsibility.
我要你承担所有的责任。
I'll leave you to undertake an important mission.
我要让你承担一项重要使命。
The lawyer undertook the case.
该律师承办这个案子。
He undertook the leadership of the team.
他担任了这个团队的领导。
If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and
quality, we will undertake to replace them.
如果设备达不到议定的规格质量, 我们将负责调换。
We can't undertake that you will make a profit.
我们不能保证你会获利。
He undertakes a dangerous job.
他从事一项危险的工作。
Their team will undertake exploration for oil.
他们队将着手进行石油勘探工作。
undertaking n. （重大或艰巨的）任务，项目，事业；企业
He associated himself with his friend in a business undertaking.
他与朋友合伙经商。
He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking.
他太胆小,不敢从事任何事业。
7.pay off 有了回报; 取得成功,奏效; 付清; 对…进行报复
(付清工资后)解雇
John studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He
made an A.
约翰在考试前努力学习, 这没有白费, 他得了个A。
You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.
你必须还清旧账, 然后才能再借款。
All his debt was paid off with cash.
他所有的债务都是用现金付清的。
They are usually paid off at weekends.
他们一般在周末领工资。
The boss paid off the employees.
老板付清雇工工资后解雇了他们。
The hired hands were paid off