版大学英语综合教程4课后答案全.doc

Unit 1
lexf Organization

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Parts
Paragraphs'
' Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-2
Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.
Part Two
Paras 3-11
Napoleon's military campaign against Russia
Part Three
Paras 12-20
Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union
Part Four
Para 21
Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.

2.

Sections
Paragraphs
Main Ideas

Section One
Paras 12-13
Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy

Section Two
Paras 14-18
the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad

Section Three
Paras 19-20
the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war

Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) alliance
3) stroke
5) minus
7) declarations
2) at the cost of
4) limp
6) regions
8) siege

9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through

3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike.
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete.
4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the
occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II. More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the
most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

- 90 - Appendix I

III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
1) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
4) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
5) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
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Structure
1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by
30 percent.
2) To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.
3) To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.
4) We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christmas.
2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.
2) By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.
3) Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United
States at the age of four. ■

4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for
about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
2. stand in the way
4. catching... off his guard
6. declaration
8. drag on
10. bringing...to a halt
(A)
1. invasion
3. Conquest
5. launching
7. campaign
9. reckon with

Appendix I - 91 -

(B)

1. allow
2.
reckoned
3. highly
4.
forecasts
5. rapidly
6.
instant
7. delivery
8.
advantage
9. observing
10.
Powerful

II. Translation
1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.
4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Part III TextB
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2. d 4. a
Comprehension Check
1. d
3. b

- 92 - Appendix I
Translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice

1. boast
2.
obstacles
3. was concerned
4.
call ...off
5. paid off
6.
was pinned down
7. are contesting
8.
prior to
9. holdout
10.
objective
11. responsible for
12.
in case
13. favorable
14.
due to
15. on the eve of
16.
cancel
17. complications
18.
stiff
19. withstand
20.
absent
■

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Writing Strategy
Tick which of the following is more convincing:
It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no
hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.
√ Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:
"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go."
Model Paper
Can Man Triumph over Nature?
When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.
Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of

Appendix I - 98 -
disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.
However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.
(154 words)

Unit 2

Text org. Ex. 2 On P38
1. Smart cars can see, hear, feel smell, talk, and act;
2. They can eliminate most of car accidents
3. They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen
4. They can monitor one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby;
5. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;
6. They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.
Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-39
1) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting
4) warn of 5) location 6) At any given time
7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) converted
I. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-42
1.expansion 2. automated 3. vapor 4. take control of
5. hazards 6. satellite 7.vibrated 8.magnetic
9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got stuck in 12.approximately
Vocabulary: Ex.2 on P42
1. send out 2. stand up for 3. pass for
4. were closing in on 5. starting up
6. went through 7. fill out 8. fall into

Vocabulary: Ex3 on P43
1) incorporates all the latest safety features.
2) two trees ten feet apart.
3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.
4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
5) are correlated in all racial groups.
Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P43
1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to
2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard
II. Word Formation on P45
Kilogram Medical care
Memorandum Electronic mail
Gymnasium Communications satellite
Liberation News broadcast
Doctor Sky hijack
Veterinarian European dollar
Preparatory Breakfast and lunch
Automobile Television broadcast
influenza Oxford and Cambridge

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III. Usage on P45-46
1) swimming pool
2 ) drawing board
3 ) enriched Middle English

4 ) disturbing change
5 ) fully developed prototype
6 ) Canned foods
7 ) working population
8 ) puzzling differences
Comprehensive Exs.: I. cloze
1. text-related on P46
1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert
5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of
8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate
13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
2. theme-related on P47
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled
5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing
8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities
II. Translation
Ex. 1 on P47-48
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
Translation : Ex. 2 on P48
Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.

UNIT3
Language Sense Enhancement on P72
1) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings
5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating
8hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospective

Language focus
Voc. Ex. 1 on P75
1) rude 2) physically 3) structure
4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling
7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations
10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
Voc. Ex. 2&3 on P76
§Ex. 2.

1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up
4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up
7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
§Ex. 3.
1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could oneday dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers' hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview.
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.

§Voc . Ex. 4 on P77
1）applicants, veteran, the prospective
2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter
3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely
II. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 78
1. Behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3. clean
4. get along 5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete
7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable

iii. Usage on P79-80
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where tobegin.OK,I’ll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmascard. Bythe way, I have something here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understoodby anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why isthis an advantage?
4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know howit goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan toattend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job.Now, howto maximize your profitswith as little effort as possible?
6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, thosepicturesyou sent me are wonderful.

Comprehensive Exercises Cloze
§1. textrelated on P80
(1) Prospective (2)As I see it
(3) done your homework (4) beforehand
(5) Endeavor (6) structure
(7) Partners (8) Respond
(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint
(11) make a difference (12) follow up
§2. theme-related on P81
(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples
(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously
(9) probably (10) exhibit

Translation on P81-82
1) Despite theinadequatelength of the airstrip in thisemergency landing, theveteran pilotmanaged to stop theplane aftertaxiing foronly a short while.
2)Grilled bythe reporters, the movie star eventuallyblurted(out) thatshe had undergone two plastic surgeries.
3) We have the technology and ourpartner hasthe capital.Working together, we’ll have the futurein our hands.
4) If I had knownbeforehand thatyou would bring so manyfriends home, I would have made betterpreparations. Yousee I havebarely enoughfood and drinks for a snack.
5) People gavegenerously uponlearning that new schoolrooms with strongerstructures wereto be built in theearthquake-stricken area.

Translation 2. on P82
Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It isextremely important for a jobappl