2019年陕西省高考英语模拟试题与答案-(一).doc

2019年陕西省高考英语模拟试题
（一）
（考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分）
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
It’s time for our annual 100+word—story Contest again. How do we pick out the winners? Read our final choices last year below. After reading these. head over to Facebook and submit your own story to Reader’s Digest.
1. WINNER: $1000 Lynne Momple South Africa
Mavis took one end and I the other and together we carefully moved the old bed through the bedroom door and the open balcony doors．We lifted it over the balustrade(扶手)into the hands of family members waiting below. Carrying it under the low Albizia branches, then past the loses, they gently put it down in the middle of the freshly mown lawn.
Chantelle carried out the cotton sheetsthe embroidered pillows, and finally the multi-coloured blanket her great-grandmother had knitted for me.
Tonight. on her 90th birthday. my mother wants to sleep out under the stars.
WHAT THE JUDGES SAID:
“We thought this story had a strong visual impact thanks to the rich selection of words. It is a deserving winner. ”
2.RUNNER-UP: $250 Ritu Hemnani Hong Kong
Cope and Meera played together every day.”Race you to the garden !” Meera won.“I’m one step ahead!'
Cope chased Meera around the trees. Then she wept “We’re moving away.” Cope’s heart broke. I will write to you.”
For years they remembered. Then life pulled them apart. Yet neither one forgot.
“It’s time for you to marry. ”Cope’s father said one day.“I have chosen a girt.”
“I hope she’s sweet，”Cope prayed.
Later，he lifted her veil(面纱).“Meera, it’s you!” ‘I guess I’m still one step ahead!”
Meera smiled.
WHAT THE JUDGES SAID:
“This entry tells a complete story. It conveys a rich tenderness and intimacy that has a lasting
impact on the reader.”
21. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To display some funny stories. B. To encourage readers to contribute. ’
C. To advertise two awarded stories. D. To promote a story-telling contest
22. In the opinion of the judges, the first story has a strong visual impact because of______.
A. variety in word B. creativity in style
C. humour in language D. flexibility in expression
23. What is the second story about?
A. It is a funny joke. B. It is a fairy tale.
C. It is a classic comedy. D. It is a romantic story.

B
The deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the us left 58 people dead and hundreds wounded at a country music festival in Las Vegas on October 1．Smith was at the festival to celebrate his brother’s 43 rd birthday．When the gunshots started，Smith initially thought they were fireworks．Soon he got separated from his family．As he turned back toward the stage to look for them，he saw people crowd behind a car at the northwest edge of the concert lawn．Others were so frightened that they didn’t know what to do．“Active shooter，active shooter，let’s go! We have to run．”he repeatedly shouted．He grasped people and told them to follow him toward a parking area in the direction of the airport，away from Las Vegas Avenue．
A few girls weren’t fully hidden．The copy machine repairman from Orange County，California ，stood up and moved toward them to urge them to get on the ground．That’s when a bullet(子弹) struck him in the neck．
Smith believes an off-duty San Diego police officer saved his life．The officer came over and tried to stop the bleeding and then signaled passing cars to try to get Smith a ride．By the time Smith got into a vehicle，he was struggling to breathe．Surgeons found it too risky to remove the bullet from his neck．Smith may have to live with it for the rest of his life．
His courageous actions helped his photos go viral on Twitter and Reddit．A photo of Smith has been shared more than 74，000 times，with 177，000“likes”．“I don’t see myself that way，”he said．“I would want someone to do the same for me．No one deserves to lose a life coming to a country festival．”
24．Why did Smith go to the music festival?
A．To enjoy fireworks． B．To gather with his family．
C．To meet his favourite singers． D．To celebrate his brother’s birthday．
25．How did Smith save the people behind a car?
A．By directing them to the airport．
B．By blocking bullets with his body．
C．By taking them to a safe parking lot．

D．By pressing them to lie on the ground．
26．The surgeons didn’t remove the bullet in Smith’s neck in order to________．
A．1et it fall out naturally B．avoid doing harm to him
C．make it stop the bleeding D．use it as a reminder of safety
27．What do Twitter and Reddit users think of Smith?
A．He is a heroic figure． B．He is a modest person．
C．He is an Internet addict． D．He is an ambitious dreamer．

C
The world’s most complex biological computer, made from a group of engineered cells, could one day be implanted into the body to detect diseases and deliver treatments.
In an early research in 2012, Martin Fussenegger at ETH Zurish in Switzerland and his colleagues engineered two kidney cells to become a biological circuit capable of simple mathematics. One of the cells was able to calculate addition: the presence or absence of each of two chemicals would switch on a reaction inside the cell that would make it shine different colours. The other cell worked in the same way but could subtract amounts. This kind of biological circuit resembles a simple logic circuit in a computer. In theory, it could be used to indicate the presence of an infectious substance while in fact it failed.
Most biological reactions in the body aren’t that simple, though. They rarely rely on “one input and one output” – instead, multiple inputs lead to different outputs. For instance, a high level of calcium in the body in the presence of a specific hormone may suggest one disease, but a high level of calcium along with another hormone might indicate a completely different condition.
To be more practical, biological computers need to be able to perform more complex mathematics. However, it is hard to pack multiple calculations into a single cell. To get around this, Fussenegger and his team have engineered a multicellular system, in which different cells each perform a separate calculation and pass on the results to each other.
The system has nine cells, each containing a biochemical reaction that responds to three chemical inputs – similar to an AND, NOT and OR system in a traditional electronic circuit. These cells coordinate their activities by releasing chemicals that pass from one cell to the other. Together, they form a fully biological circuit that can respond to multiple inputs.
“Although it is not at a stage yet where we can test on animals, we believe it is the most complex biological computer ever assembled,” says Fussenegger. “This work addresses one of the major limitations in synthetic biology (合成生物学) – a lack of programmable devices,” says Ángel Goni-Moreno, a synthetic biologist at Newcastle University, UK. He says that Fussenegger’s multicellular approach enables you to programme the circuit and achieve different calculations just by connecting the nine cells in different configurations (设置).
In the future, a biological computer like this could be used to monitor more complex medical conditions. For example, it could respond to a rise in calcium, a drop in a hormone and an increase in a biomarker, which together would signal the presence of a specific type of cancer, help diagnose it and alert the user to seek appropriate treatment.
28. The underlined word “subtract” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. add up B. take away C. split up D. give away
29. What was the progress made in Fussenegger’s early research?
A. A biological circuit was implanted in one of kidney cells.
B. The indication of infectious substances became a reality.
C. Engineered kidney cells could switch on biological reactions.
D. Certain cells were made capable of performing mathematics.
30. What has made Fussenegger’s current multicellular system so special?
A. It has all the functions of a traditional electronic circuit.
B. It is programmable and able to perform different mathematics.
C. It has successfully packed multiple calculations into a single cell.
D. It has been tested through a series of experiments on animals.
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Smart cells indicating various cancers
B. Electronic circuit made from multi-cells
C. Programmable cells implanted in human bodies
D. Biological computer made from human cells

D
“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”
Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.
Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.
Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.
It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science—the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well. 
Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready. 
32. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?
A. Instant value.  B. Human inhabitance. 
C. Venture cost.  D. Exploring spirit. 
33. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that         .
A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford. 
B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implemented
C. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in America
D. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment
34. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?
A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic. 
B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program. 
C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration
D. The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed. 
35. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader. 
B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America. 
C Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense. 
D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries. 
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Courage is a personality quality that everyone possesses, but it sometimes fades because of bad experiences or memories. 36 . By identifying the source of any lack of courage and actively changing your behavior, you can build courage.
Determine your specific fears. People are often reluctant to admit that they are afraid of something and this may be weakening their confidence and courage. In order to begin building courage, you need to determine your specific fear. 37 . This may help you to develop a plan to overcome them and build your courage.
Recognize your courage. Just as it’s important to identify your fears, you should also recognize that you also possess courage in many situations. 38 . It can help you to figure out how to apply this quality to situations in your life that cause timidity (life). It can also help you to develop your behavior and begin building courage in every aspect of your life.
39 . Once you’ve identified your specific fears and recognized situations where you exhibit courage, write out your plan to build your courage and update it when necessary. Having a clear strategy you can follow is important, for it helps you stay on track if you have setbacks and see your progress over time.
Avoid comparing yourself to others. Every person is different and comparing yourself to other people can minimize your self-confidence. Focusing on yourself and not comparing yourself to others is essential to building your confidence and courage.
40 . Two characteristics of a courageous person are that they not only have confidence, but also they believe in their ability to succeed and overcome fears. By cultivating and projecting confidence in yourself, you set yourself on the path to build and maintain courage.
A. Admit that you have fears.
B. Try to know how to show your courage.
C. Develop a concrete plan to build your courage.
D. Write a list of your fears as you figure them out.
E. Take the time to acknowledge that you are courageous.
F. Have confidence and believe in your ability to be courageous.
G. Having courage is necessary to succeed in many situations in life.

第三部分　语