初中英语语法顺口溜大全.doc

初中英语语法顺口溜大全-----代词
1）代词
主格）我是 I 你是 you，男他 he， 女她 she，宝盖 it 不是人; 
宾格）我 me 你 you，男他 him 女她 her，还有宝盖小 it，我们us 你们 you，他（她，它）们都是 them; 。
（形容词性物主代词）我的 my 你的 your，男他的 his 女她的 her，宝盖its不是人,我们的 our 他（她，它）们的 their;
 (名词性物主代词)我的mine 你的yours 男他的his 女她的hers,宝盖its不是人,我们的ours 他(她它)们的是theirs.
1.人称代词的用法
A)人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说，主格定把主语做，宾格作宾不会错。
第一人称   第二人称      第三人称
　　主格： I/we       you/you      he she it/they
宾格： me/us     you/you       him her it/them
⑴ 人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中一般用作主语、表语等，宾格在句中用作动词的宾语和介词的宾语。
⑵ 人称代词单数he, she 和it的复数形式都是they，宾格形式也相同，为them。
⑶ 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he / him，阴性she / her 和中性it /it，复数形式只有一个they / them，不分性别。
2.人称代词的指代
人称代词主要用来指人，但是也可以用来指物。选用什么人称代词，主要取决于所指代的名词、短语或从句，并且在数和性上要与之保持一致。例如：
Children can have delicious food and wear new clothes. They can also get some money from their parents. （They指代前句中的复数名词Children。）
If you keep a pet, you need to spend some time taking care of it. （it指代前半句中的pet。）
it有时也可以用来指人，例如：
What a beautiful baby – is it a boy? 多漂亮的孩子啊！是男孩吗？
Who’s that? — It’s the postman. 谁啊？——是邮递员。
3.人称代词的基本用法
⑴ 主格人称代词用作主语或表语，例如：
If he writes to you, you must write back. 如果他给你写信，你必须回复。（用作主语）
It wasn’t she who broke the window. 打破窗子的不是她。（用作表语）
在口语中，人称代词如果作表语，通常用宾格形式。例如：

Who is it? — It’s me (us). 是谁呀？——是我（我们）。
⑵ 宾格人称代词用作宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语），例如：
Tell her to call me tomorrow, please. 请叫她明天给我打电话。（用作动词宾语）
I don’t want to put them under the table. 我不想把它们放在桌底下。（用作介词宾语）
人称代词独立使用时也用宾格形式，例如：
I’d like to go back in here. — Me too. 我想回到这里来。——我也想。
以下两句中的人称代词用主格和宾格都可以，用主格被认为较正式用宾格为口语说法。例如：
My sister is two years older than I (am) / me. 我姐姐比我大两岁。
You are as tall as he (is) / him. 你跟他个子一样高。
4.在使用人称代词时要注意的几点
⑴ we, you, they有时可用来泛指“人们”，例如：
We have to be very careful in this building. 在这座大楼里，大家都要十分小心。
You should keep calm even when you are in danger. 即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。
They say prices are going to increase again. 据说，物价又要上涨了。
⑵ she 可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等，例如：
China will always do what she has promised to do. 中国从来是说话算话的。
The Titanic was on her first voyage when she sank. 泰坦尼克号巨轮是在首航途中沉没的。
⑶ 注意人称代词并列式的顺序：
You and I are good friends. 你和我是好朋友。（出于礼貌）
Tom and I left home early this morning. 汤姆和我今天一大早就离开了家。（出于礼貌）
You and he must be there at seven o’clock. 你和他必须7点钟到达那里。（you较近，he较远）
You, he and I will be put in the same class. 你、我、他将被分在同一个班。（注意汉英两种语言的不同表达顺序）
5.it的特殊用法
it的特殊用法包括两个：非人称it和引导词it。
6.非人称it
非人称it在句中充当主语，又叫“非人称主语”，其用法如下：
⑴ 表示时间，例如：
What day is it today? — It is Sunday. 今天星期几？——今天星期天。
We’ll meet at three o’clock this afternoon. — Shall we make it a little earlier? 我们今天下午3点见面。——我们把时间定早一点好吗？
⑵ 表示距离，例如：
How far is it from your office to the bank? 从你办公室到银行有多远？
⑶ 表示天气等自然现象，例如：
It has been rainy here for almost half a month. 这里已下了将近半个月的雨。
It is much colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷多了。
7.引导词it
引导词it在句中充当形式主语，而其随后的不定式短语、动名词短语或从句则是真正的主语。例如：
It is boring to eat the same food every day. （真正的主语为不定式短语to eat the same food every day）
It is no use waiting here any longer. （真正的主语为动名词短语waiting here any longer）
It is still unknown whether they ever reached the top of the mountain. （真正的主语为从句whether they ever reached the top of the mountain。）、
2.物主代词 
A).物主代词的用法
物主代词两类型，形容词性和名词性。形容词性作定语，后面定把名词用。名词性，独立用，主宾表语它都充。
B).形容词性物主代词变名词性物主代词：
一变、二留、四加S。         一变：my-mine      二留：his-his，its-its
四加S：your-yours her-hers our-ours their-theirs

 C). 形容词性物主代词能力差, 自己不能来当家,  句子当中作定语, 后面要把名词加. 名词性物主代词能力强,   自己独来又独往,  后面不用加名词,  可把主语,宾语,表语当.
注释：
1. 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。
例：1. This is my book. 这是我的书。
2. We love our motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖国。
2. 名词性物主代词起名词的作用。
例：1. Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine. 看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。
2. He likes my pen. He doesn”t like hers. 他喜欢我的钢笔。不喜欢她的。
3. 注意：在使用名词性物主代词时，必须有特定的语言环境，也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道，已经提起过。
例：It”s hers. 是她的。
（单独使用大家不知是怎么回事，不可以这样用）
There is a book. It”s hers. 那有本书。是她的。 （先提及，大家才明白）
4. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。
例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.
为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.
用法：
1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk. 约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构，例如：
Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's.     His cap 意为 The cap is his.
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语，例如：
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c. 作介词宾语，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d. 作主语补语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
一、用适当的人称代词填空：
1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________.
2. China is a developing country. _________ lies in the east of Asia.
3. Professor Wang sets ________ a good example. We must learn from ________.
4. What day is __________ today?   — __________ is Thursday.
5. How far is the thunder ?  — __________ is three kilometers away.
6. I own a blue bike. The red one doesn’t belong to __________.
7. These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.
8. __________ say that those old houses will be rebuilt.
9. Is __________ the milkman at the door?  — Yes, that’s __________.
10. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________?
11. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. Her brother lives with 
____  and helps ____ to prepare the lessons.
12. The ship is lying at anchor (停泊) . ____ comes from Shanghai.
13. This photo of your mother is very much like her. I like ____.
14. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at physics .
15. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ?
16. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy.
二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 
1. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday. Can I have one of ____ ?
2. Tell Tom not to forget ____ book. And you mustn’t forget ____ .
3. George has lost ____ pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him ____ .
4.. Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ dog and ____ had a fight (打架).
5. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ 
6. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us.
7. Mary wants to know if（是否） you’ve seen a pair of gloves of ____ .
8. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ .
三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空
　　A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空
　　1. Your football clothes are on the desk.
　　　 Please put _________(they，them，their，theirs) away.
　　2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green.
　　 　We all like _________(she，her，hers).
　　3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_________ can’t get my kite. 
　　　 Could you help _________(I，me，my，mine)?
　　4. Tom can’t get down from the tree.
　　 　Can you help _________(he，him，his)?
　　5. Her kite is broken. Can _________(you，your，yours) mend it?
　　6. We can’t find our bikes.
　　　 Can you help _______we，us，our，ours)?
　　7. These are _________(he，him，his) planes. 
　　 　The white ones are _________(I，me，mine).
　　B. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词
　　1. This isn’t her knife. _________ is green.
　　2. These are your books，Kate. Put __________ in the desk，please.
　　3. You must look after ________ things.
　　4. Wei Fang，is that ________ ruler? Yes，it’s.
　　5. They want a football. Give __________ the green one，please.
　　6. It’s Lin Tao’s bag. Give ________ to __________.
　　7. Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s? No，___________ is very new.
　　8. This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. 
　　　 Don’t worry，Let __________ help __________.
　　9. _____ is a boy _____ name is Mike. Mike’s friends like _____ very much.
　  10. My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher.
　　11. Jane is a little girl. _____ mother is a nurse.
　　12. We are in _____ classroom. _____ classroom is big.
　　13. My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy
　　14. You are a pupil. Is _____ brother a pupil, too?
四、用括号中的适当形式填空
A)　（1）Are these ________（you）pencils?
　　　　Yes, they are ________（our）.
　　（2）—Whose is this pencil?
　　　　—It’s ________（I）.
　　（3）I love ________（they）very much.
　　（4）She is________（I）classmate
　　（5）Miss Li often looks after________（she）brother.
　　（6）—Are these ________（they）bags ？
　　　　—No, they aren’t ________（their）. They are ________（we）.
B)
 1. This bike is my sister`s. It belongs to ______ (她的)。2. This isn`t my book. _______(我的) is in the bag. 
3. They quarrelled among __________（他们）. 
4. You and I understand _________(彼此) perfectly. 
5. If there are ___(一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me.

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