人教版新目标八年级英语下册unit.doc

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
一．基本知识点
1.Peter ,could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？
Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？ 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.
【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I can’t
2、take out 取出（v+ adv）
【拓展】take 构成的短语：
take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞
take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急；慢慢来
take one’s temperature 量体温 take out the trash 倒垃圾 take away 拿走，取走
take back 收回 take place 发生
3. do the dishes 洗碗
Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？
e over 过来
【拓展】 come 短语：
come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出
come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于
come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点
come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
5. all the time = always 一直；总是
You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!
你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！
6. neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定
Neither Tom nor Jim is a student.
7. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.
第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。
【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语
【注】find → found →found v寻找
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难
She found it hard to finish the work by herself.
8. surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 惊奇地
be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.
She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。
9.hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起
10. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？
【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递
Please pass the paper on to the other students.
⑵ v 通过；路过 I pass your home.
⑶ v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.
11. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、
Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？
【解析】borrow /lend/keep
(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.
(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.
(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】
【记】 I want to __borrow__ a bike from my friend but he didn’t _lend___ it to me,
because Tom had _kept____ it for two days.
12. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。
hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him.
hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room.
13.ask构成的短语：
短语
含义
ask sb. to do sth
请某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth
不让某人做某事
ask sb for sth
向某人要某物
ask for help
寻求帮助
14. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。
【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱
waste v “浪费”
waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱
Don’t ____waste______water. Can’t you see the sign “save water”?
15.spend... on sth 在某事上花费......
spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth
◆spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the computer games.
Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.
My father __spent___ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.
(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
— How much did you __pay__ for this computer? — Five hundred dollars.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
A new computer costs me a lot of money.
I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.
16.in order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事
He ran quickly in order not __to be___ late for the meeting.
17.provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
provide v 提供
provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)
供应某人某物
相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.
provide
为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”
provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer
侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
supply
定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品
Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
② The Internet provides us _with__a lot of _information___we need.
② —Could you please provide us _with___ some information about the students’ health?
— Of course, it’s my pleasure.
18. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。
【解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）
19. Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。
【解析】depend on 依靠；信赖
—— Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? —— Well, it all ___depends on____ the weather.
20. Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. 做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教 他们如何照顾自己。
【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识
develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的→developed adj. 发达的
a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家 China is a __developing___country.
21. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。
【解析1】as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）
Don’t ask him too late into the night, __As a result___ , he is only a small child.
【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡

二．【重点短语】
1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭 2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3.go to the movies 去看电影 4.get a ride 搭车 5.work on 从事
6.finish doing sth. 完成做某事 7.clean and tidy 干净整洁的 8.do the dishes 洗餐具
9.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 10.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
11.sweep the floor 扫地 12.make your/the bed 整理床铺
13.clean the livng room 打扫客厅 14.no problem 没问题 15.welcome sb. 欢迎某人
e home from school/work放学/下班回家 17.throw down 扔下
18.sit down 坐下 e over 过来 20.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
21.all the time 一直;总是 22.all day/evening 整曰/夜23.do housework 做家务
24.shout back 大声回应 25.walk away 走 26.share the housework 分担家务
27.a comfortable home 一个舒适的家 28.in surprise 惊讶地
29.get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
30.watch one show 观看一个节目 31.hang out 闲逛32.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人33.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 34.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 36.do chores 做杂务
37.help sb. (to ) d o /with sth•帮助某人干某事 38.bring a tent带顶帐篷来
39.buy some snacks买些小吃 40.go to the store去商店
41.invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会 42.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
43.enough stress足够的压力 44.a waste of time浪费时间45.in order to为了
46.get good grades取得好成绩 47.mind doing sth. 介意做某事
48.depend on依赖;依靠49.develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性
50.look after/take care of 照顾；照看
51.do one’ s part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事
三．【重点句型】
1.Could you please clean your room? 你能打扫一下你的房间吗？
2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。
3. Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
4. She won't be happy if she sees this mess. 
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .
我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
7. I hate to do chores. 我不喜欢做杂务。

练习题
一、 翻译下列短语。
1. 洗盘子_2. 倒垃圾________________3. 叠衣服__________________
4. 扫地____________________5. 铺床___________________6. 打扫起居室______________
7. 出去吃晚饭______________8. 去看电影_______________9. 为了____________________
10. 借一些钱_______________11. 搭车 _________________12. 去商店_________________
13. buy some drinks and snacks____________ 14. invite my friends to a party_____________
15. use your CD player____________________ 16. stay out late_____________________

二、词汇。
A) 根据所给中文完成下列句子。
1. Throw these __________ (垃圾) in the bin.
2. I don’t want to see the film and __________ (而且) I haven’t got any money.
3. I _________ (折叠) the letter and put it in the envelope.
4. There was a terrible _________ (杂乱) after the party.
5. He can’t swim. ________ (也不) can I.
6. Could you _______ (递) me the salt?
7. She _______ (厌恶) the smell of smoke.
8. The telephone rang __________ (在……期间) I was having a shower.
9. I tried to find a job in order to _______ (提供) clothes and food for my family.
10. He ________ (依靠) on you to help him.
B) 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Could you please _________ (sweep) he floor?
2. You will find several shops in the _________ (neighbor).
3. He __________ (develop) the little shop into a big store.
4. The streets were littered with __________ (rubbish).
5. Could you make your bed and _________ (fold) your clothes?
6. Did you receive ________ (fairness) treatment?
7. Could you please _________ (pass) me that book?
8. Don’t do that. It’s a _________ (waste) of time.
9. The climber __________ (drop) and hurt himself.
10. When you’re scared but you still do it _________ (anyway), that’s brave.

三、单项选择。（15分）
1. To protect the environment, supermarkets don’t __________ free plastic bags for shoppers.
A. take B. show C. provide D. carry
2. —Paul, could you please ______ the TV? Jim is sleeping now.
—Sorry. I’ll do it right now.
A. turn up B. turning up C. turn down D. turning down
3. —Could you lend me the book you bought last week? —_________.
A. Yes, here you are B. No, I can’t lend C. It’s not interesting D. A good idea
4. —Could you finish the task in two days?
—_____. I have something else to do these days.
A. I could not B. Yes, I think so C. I’m afraid so D. I’m afraid not
5. —Excuse me, could you help me carry the heavy box? — _________.
A. Yes, I could B. It doesn’t matter C. With pleasure D. Don’t mention it
6. —Could I _________ your iPad, Alice? — Of course. Here you are.
A. lend B. keep C. borrow D. return
7. He often borrows money _______ others but he doesn’t lend anything _______ anybody.
A. from, from B. to, from C. from, to D. to, to
8. Could you me Mary’s telephone number? I want to call her.
A. to give B. give C. giving D. gives
9. Every morning, I get up at six o’clock, _________ and have a quick breakfast.
A. make bed B. make a bed C. make my bed D. make one’s bed
10. —Could I borrow your car? —_________ I need it. I ________ go to school.
A. Certainly, don’t B. Sorry, have to C. Certainly, don’t have to D. Sure, have to
11. —Could you help me take it to the classroom? — _______________.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn’t C. Yes, sure D. No, I don’t
12. —Who will send you to the school, your mom or your dad? —_____. I’ll go there alone.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None
13. Young people hate _________ chores because it’s boring.
A. to do B. to doing C. did D. to be doing
14. Can I _______ your textbook? I left mine at home.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. kept
15. _____ they live one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
A. Since B. For C. In order to D. So that

四、完成句子。
1. 你能扫地吗？________ you please ________ the floor?

2. 如果她看到这么乱，她会不高兴的。
She __________ be happy if she sees this __________.
3. 我扔下我的包去了起居室。
I _________ _________ my bag and went to the living room.
4. 她没做任何家务，我也没有。
She did not do any housework and _________ __________ I.
5. 做家务可帮助培养孩子独立。
Doing ________ helps to __________ children’s independence.
6. 为了取得好成绩，他们应该把时间花在功课上。
They should spend their time on schoolwork _____ __________ to get good grades.
7. 如今的孩子过于依赖父母。Children these days ________ ______ their parents too much.
8. 结果，他经常生病，成绩下降。_______ a __________, he often fell ill and his grades dropped.
9. 他不知道如何照顾自己。He had no idea how to ________ _________ of himself.
参考答案
一、翻译下列短语。
1. do the dishes 2. take out the rubbish 3. fold the clothes 4. sweep the floor 5. make the bed 6. clean the living room 7. go out for dinner 8. go to the movies 9. in order to 10. borrow some money 11. get a ride 12. go to the store 13. 买一些饮料和零食 14. 邀请朋友们来派对 15. 用你的CD 播放器 16. 在外面呆到很晚
二、词汇。
A) 根据所给中文完成下列句子。
1. rubbish 2. anyway 3. folded 4. mess 5. neither 6. pass 7. hates 8. while 9. provide 10. depends
B) 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. sweep 2. neighborhood 3. developed 4. rubbish 5. fold 6. fair 7. pass 8. waste 9. dropped 10. anyway
三、单项选择。
1 —— 5 C C A D C 6 —— 10 C C B C B 11 —— 15 C C A A A
四、完成句子。
1. Could, sweep 2. won’t, mess 3. threw, down 4. neither, did 5. chores, develop 6. in, order 7. depend, on 8. As, result 9. take, care
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