高三英语备考——完形填空中的词义辨析题.doc

词义辨析要点
[要点巩固]
词义辨析考查的面广，该内容也是英语学习中的一个难题，欲觅简明准确的解释并非易事，考生在学习时首先应掌握其基本意思，再结合特定的语境进行比较。有鉴于此，我们将在教学中所积累的并结合高考试题，给考生提供中学英语中常见的同义词（语），易混词（语）及相似句型等方面的指点。英语中的同义词（语），易混词（语）及相似句型之间的区别，有的属英汉语意差别，有的属不同搭配表达意义不同，有的属搭配不同表达意义相同，有的属语气轻重有别，有的则属搭配范围和习惯不同等等。因此我们只能把重点放在中学英语学习过程中常见的易混、易错之处，不求面面俱到，只求对症下药，说清为止。
[例题剖析]
例1
2. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everyone in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
剖析：该题为非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故用 which .正确答案为A.
3.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _____ his notes.
A. bring up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on
剖析：此题考查短语动词的区别，这四个短语的基本意义为：bring up“养育、提出;吐出”， refer to“论及、说到、谈到、提及；参考、参阅、参照”，look for“寻找、寻求” try on“试穿，试戴”，根据题义：“经理在商务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿 ”。应选B。
6.--- Ow! I’ve burnt myself!
--- I _____ a hot pot.
A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held
剖析：touch“触摸 ”， keep “保持” feel “感觉” hold“拿着”，所给的语境是“烫伤”故选A，因为触摸，才可能烫伤。
7.The old tower must be saved, _______ the cost.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
剖析：题义：“无论什么样的代价，这座古塔一定要拯救。”whatever可表示, “无论什么”whichever“无论哪个 ”。
9.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
剖析：此题考查情态动词，should“应该”,must “一定”， will“将会、总是”，can“可能”，根据题义“…… 因为有时可能会很慢。”故选 D。
10.---People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.
---_______ .The roads are too crowed as it is.
A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine
剖析：此题考查交际用语在一定语境中的应用。 all right“不错，好啊”， exactly“（用于对答）正是、一点不错”，go ahead“前进，（催促对方）先请”， fine“好的、棒的”，根据题义，表示对对方所说的完全同意，“一点不错，正是”之意，故选B。
13.My mother always gets a bit ______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient
剖析：题义“如果我们没有在我们所说的时间到达，父母就会着急。”故选：A
16.I am sure David will be able to find the library--- he has a pretty good _____ of direction.
A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense
剖析：idea “主意、想法”，feeling“感觉、情感”，experience“经历、经验”，sense“感觉、辨别力、判断力”，a good sense of direction“方向感很强”。故选 D。
19.I couldn’t ______. The line was busy.
A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through
剖析：此题考查短语动词的区别。go by“走过、流逝”，go around“四处走走”，get in“进入、收集”get through（用于电话等）联络到”。从下句“线路很忙”，故选D。
20.We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _______ we like yet.
A. one B. ones C. it D. them
剖析：此题考查代词的区别。题义“我们一直在看房子，但还没找到我们所喜欢的一套（房子）。答案为A,此处的one相当于a house，而ones相当于houses，it和them应指上文提到的同类同物。又如: Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_______ I will always treasure. (2002 NMET 35)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
答案为one 相当于 a moment。意为：“．．．．．．，我将永远珍惜的时刻”。
例2.
22. No one helped me. I did it all ____ myself.
A. for B. by C. from D. to
剖析：考查介词的区别。根据题义“没人帮助我，我独自做的”。by oneself“独自地 ”，for oneself“替/ 为自己”。故选B。
23. Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B what C. who D. that
剖析：“Mary写了一篇关于为什么球队没有获胜的文章”。故选A。
25. We haven’t enough books for ______; some of you will have to share.
A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
剖析：“我们没有给每人一本这么多的书，有些只能共同使用。”everyone与否定词not连用表示部分否定，“并非都……”。故选C。另外all, both, always, every以及every构成的复合不定代词等，与not连用也表示部分否定。
26. Tom, you_____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
剖析：答案为B。此题为情态动词的否定式。wouldn’t“不会 ”，mustn’t“不准、不得 ”，needn’t“不必 ”，may not“不可以”。
27.They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, ____ we managed to bring the price down.
A. but B. so C. when D. since
剖析：此题为连词，根据题义表示转折，故选A。
31.---Oh, dear! I’ve just broken a window.
--- ______. It can’t be helped.
A. Never mind B. All right C. That’s fine D. Not at all
剖析：此题为交际用语的区别。Never mind“不要紧、没关系 ”，All right（表示同意）“好、可以 ”，That’s fine“很好Not at all（用来回答thank you）表示“不用谢”。故选A。( It can’t be helped.= We must accept it.你已经把它打碎了，没办法弥补了。)
[实战演练]
选词填空
1. alone / lonely
①Let him _______.
②I shall have a companion in the house after all these _______ years.
答案: alone , lonely
辨析：alone可以用作形容词或副词，作形容词时，只能在句子中充当表语或宾语补足语，用来陈述“单独一人，无其他人”这样一个事实。lonely只能用作形容词，在句子中充当表语或定语，指人时，作“孤独的、寂寞的”解；指地方时作“荒凉的、人迹稀少的”解。
2. accept / receive
Mary _______ a gift from a friend, but she didn’t seem to ________ it.
答案: received, accept
辨析：accept表示主观上“乐意接受”； receive 表示客观上“收到某物”。但receive education（接受教育）, receive guests（接见客人）。
3. means / way / method
①Thoughts are expressed by ________ of speech.
②He always speaks in a careless ________.
③He worked out the maths problem with a different ________.
答案：means, way, method
辨析：这三个词都可以解释为“方法、方式、手段”。means前用介词by；其后用of+名词或动词的-ing形式。way作“方法”讲时，前面可用介词in。method一般指“（系统的）一套方法或方式”，前面用介词with.
4.other / others / the other / the others / another
①We study Chinese, maths, English and ________ lessons.
②I don’t want this one. Please give me ________.
③She has two children. One is a boy, ________ is a girl.
④Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing,and________ are climbing the hill.
⑤There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls. ____ are boys.
答案：other; another; the other; others; The others
辨析：other作前置定语，修饰单数或复数名词。another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”。the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指。others用作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其它物”。the others指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。
5.instead / instead of
①If you are too busy, you may come another day ________.
②If you have no time, I’ll go ________ you.
答案：instead; instead of
辨析：instead是副词，意思是“代替，顶替”，通常被放在句尾，也可放在句首。instead of是介词词组，意思除了“代替”外还有“而不是”之意。
6.occur / happen / take place
①An idea suddenly ________ to me.
②The car accident ________ yesterday.
③I ________ to be out when you came here.
④Great changes have ________ in my home town.
答案：occurred; happened/occurred; happened; taken place
辨析：occur属较正式的用语。它可指一件偶然事件的“发生”；也可指在一定的时间“发生”、“出现”一定的事件，它还可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的“产生”，其后接to sb.时，常作“想起”、“想到”解。happen属普通用语，常用来表示偶然事件的“发生”。其后接不定式或用在 “It happened that…”句型中的时候，作“恰好”、“碰巧”、“偶然”解。take place也作“发生”解，但一般没有偶然的意味。它更常用来指一个预先安排好的事情的“发生”，常作“举行”解。
7.wish / hope
①I _______it will be fine tomorrow.
②I _______you success.
③I _______it would be fine tomorrow.
④He sent me an e-mail, _______to get further information.
答案：hope wish; wish; hoping
辨析：这两个词使用的句型不同（如①②）。hope所表示的愿望一般可以实现，wish所表示的愿望实现的可能性不大。wish 接从句时用虚拟语气。
8.include / contain
①The price _______ the postage.
②The parcel _______a dictionary.
答案：includes; contained
辨析：两者均有“包含”、“包括”之意。但include表示所包含之物中的一部分；contain指所包含之物的全部或部分，也可表示某一种物质中含有什么成分。
9.damage / destroy
①Don’t do anything that _______the relation between the two countries.
②In 1941,the Germans tried to _______the city of St.Petersburg.
答案：damages; destroy
辨析：damage意为“损害”、“损坏”，其破坏程度比destroy小；destroy意为“摧毁”、“毁坏”、“破坏”，含有彻底或严重毁坏，以至不复存在、无法修复、无法工作或使用之意。
10.worth / worthy
①-How much is this old book _______?
-It’s worth $30.
②Is this book _______reading once again?
③This book is _______of being read.
答案：worth; worth; worthy
辨析：worth只作表语，其后一般跟名词或动名词，若跟不定式或动名词作主语，用“It is worthwhile to do/doing”结构；worthy可作表语或定语，作表语时，其后可跟“of+名词或doing的被动形式或不定式的被动形式”，作定语是，意为“有价值的，可敬的，相称的”。
11.believe / believe in
①I _______what he said.
②They _______God.
答案：believe; believe in
辨析：believe作及物动词是，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”；后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为；料想；相信”等。believe in是一个动介型短语动词，表示“信奉；信仰（指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心）”和“信任（have trust in）”。
12.cost / pay / spend / take
①The furniture ______(me) 6,000 yuan altogether.
②Careless driving may ______you your life.
③I ______ $15 for the dictionary.
④How much (What) do you _______on clothes each year?
⑤It _______(us) a whole day to paint the house.
答案：cost; cost; paid; spend; took
辨析：cost“价值为，值（钱）”，以物作主语，可跟双宾语或只跟直接宾语。pay“花费，支付（金钱）”，同spend一样以人作主语，但常与for, to do搭配，其后可跟宾语、单宾语或不跟宾语。spend“花费（金钱）”，与on, for连用，义同pay for;“花费（时间）”，与on,(in)doing连用；“度过（时光）”。take“需要，必要”，常以（做）某事为主语，以时间做宾语或跟双宾语，常用在 “It takes sb some time to do sth.”的句型中。
13.besides / except / but / except for
①Your composition was well written _______a few spelling mistakes.
②She helps to cook and wash _______looking after the baby.
③He has done everything _______what I asked him to do.
④No one knows Mr. Benson’s address _______his daughter.
⑤We go to the night club _______it is raining.
答案：except for; besides; except; except /but; except when
辨析：but和except都表示“除……之外，没有”，两者大多数情况下可以互换，但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one等词后多用but。except表示从整体上减去一部分，而besides还包括除去的那部分，相当于in addition to。except for意为“除了……之外”，用于排除非同类事物，其中for表示理由或细节，订正或修正某些事实。except that用做连词，后跟从句，根据从句的需要也可用except when, except where等。
14.raise / rise / lift
①She _______and left.
②He _______his voice to make himself heard clearly.
③The rock is too heavy to _______.
答案：rose; raised; lift
辨析：raise是及物动词，意为“举起，抬起”，是lift的同义词，两者有时可以互换，只是lift比raise更口语化，更强调提重物时的费力情况，多指将某物举成垂直状态。rise 意为“升起，提高，起立”，是不及物动词，主语是人时，表示站起来；主语物时，表示某物本身移动到较高的位置或是由底向高变化的过程。
mon / ordinary / general
①Clods are _______in winter.
②His _______supper consists of only bread and milk.
③This book is intended for the _______reader, not for the specialist.
答案：common; ordinary; general
辨析：common强调“常见的，不足为奇的”。ordinary强调“平常的，平淡无奇的”。general意为“普通的，一般的”。
16.lay / lie
①You can _______your coat on the bed.
②These eggs were not _______by hens but by geese.
③By studying we are _______ a foundation for the future.
④He _______in the bed with a bad cold yesterday.
⑤He _______to his father about the amount of money he had spent.
答案：lay; laid; laying; lay; lied
辨析：lay用作及物动词，表示小心地“放下”、“放平”的意思，还可以引申表示“铺设”、“设置”、“砌（砖）”、“产（卵）”、“下（蛋）”、“奠定（基础）”等意思，其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是laid laid, laying。lie是不及物动词，当表示“躺下”、“平躺”、“位于”、“在于”等意思时，其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是lay, lain, lying；当表示“说谎”、“撒谎”，其后常接to sb. (about sth.),过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是lied, lied, lying。
17.one / that / the one
①His attitude to me was _______of a comrade.
②I’m looking for a house and I like _______with a garden.
③I like this book better than _______I read last time.
答案：that; one; the one
辨析：one和that均可替代前面提到过的名词，that强调特指，且常用of连接后置定语，相当于“the+名词”； one 用于泛指，带有前置定语，相当“a(n)+名词;the one用来替代同类事物中特指的另一个， that的复数形式为 those，而 one的复数形式是 ones。另外不可数名词用 that来代替。