2019年英语高考题全国I卷译文.doc

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语 全国卷I
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
A
Need a Job This Summer?
今年夏天需要工作吗?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生找到暑期工作。截止日期和你需要申请什么取决于这个项目。
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
不是一个学生吗?访问政府网站，了解可以帮助30岁以下的人提高技能、找到工作或全年创业的项目和在线工具。
Jobs for Youth
专为年轻人的工作
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件） for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
如果您是居住在该省某些地区的青少年，您可以有资格参加该计划，该计划提供八周带薪就业和培训。
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）.
谁有资格：15-18岁的青年在选定社区（社区）工作。
Summer Company
夏季公司
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
暑期公司为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励，以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务。
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
谁有资格：15-29岁的学生，秋季返校。
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
青少年管理员计划
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
今年夏天，你可以申请成为一名青年护林员，并在当地自然资源管理项目上工作八周。
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁。

Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
夏季就业机会
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
通过暑期就业机会计划，学生每年都会在各省公共服务部门及其相关机构和社区团体的各种暑期职位上就业。
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
谁有资格：15岁或以上的学生。有些职位要求残疾人士的学生年龄为15至24岁或最多29岁。

B
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
对于纽约州帕奇格的卡纳小学二年级来说，今天是演讲日，现在轮到克里斯·帕莱兹了。这个8岁的孩子是班上的小丑。他有着闪亮的黑眼睛起来像是那种喜欢在公众场合演讲的孩子。
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should ... should ...” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “... Vote for ... me ...” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
但他很紧张。“我今天要告诉你为什么你应该……应该……”。克里斯被should中的“-ld”发音绊倒了，这个发音是许多非英语母语人士的发音难题。他的老师托马斯·威利在他旁边，低声表示支持。“……投票赞成…我……”，除了一些磕磕绊绊，克里斯做得非常好。当他的演讲结束时，威利邀请全班同学称赞他。
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
作为一个移民的儿子，克里斯三年前开始学习英语。威利回忆在今年年初，当要求阅读，克里斯会借口去洗手间。
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
把英语作为第二语言学习可能是一段痛苦的经历。你需要的是一个让你犯错的好老师。“对任何一个学生来说都需要很多，”沃利解释说，“尤其是对于一个学习英语作为他们新语言的学生来说，要有足够的信心说‘我不知道，但我想知道’。”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.
威利萌生了这个二年级总统竞选项目的想法，有一天他问孩子们，如果他们认为自己永远成不了总统，请举手。答案伤透了他的心。威利说这个项目不仅仅是学习在公共场合阅读和说话。他想让这些孩子学会自吹自擂。

“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
“吹嘘你自己和你最好的品质，”威利说，“对于一个走进教室时没有自信的孩子来说是非常困难的。”

C
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，指纹扫描等生物识别技术的市场也在增长，以将其他人挡在私人电子空间之外。但目前，这些技术仍然很昂贵。
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置） that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
佐治亚理工学院的研究人员表示，他们已经设计出一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘。这款智能键盘精确地测量了一个人打字的节奏和手指按压每个键的力度。通过分析用户打字的力度和按键之间的间隔时间，键盘可以提供强大的安全层。这些模式对每个人来说都是独一无二的。因此，键盘可以确定人们的身份，并通过扩展来确定是否应该授予他们访问与其连接的计算机的权限——无论是否有人获得了正确的密码。
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
它也不需要一种人们不熟悉的新技术。每个人都使用键盘，每个人的打字方式也不一样。
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
在一项描述这项技术的研究中，研究人员让100名志愿者用智能键盘四次输入“touch”这个单词。从设备上收集的数据可以根据不同参与者的打字方式来识别他们，错误率非常低。研究人员说，键盘应该是非常直接的商业化，主要是由廉价的塑料类零件。该团队希望在不久的将来将其推向市场。

D
During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself
美好的小学时代，我既爱与人分享自己的洋娃娃，又爱给人讲笑话，这使我一直享有很高的交际地位——我就是课堂下的校园女皇。然而，随着青少年期的降临，来到我生活中的还有一些坏女孩和耍酷少年们。他们不是因为与人友善而名声大噪，而是由于抽烟、违纪、捉弄他人等恶习。很快，我也随波逐流，成了他们中的一份子。
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology, sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
受欢迎度是社会心理学中一个已经深入探究的课题。临床心理学教授米奇·普林斯坦将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者。讨人喜欢的人非常合群，这种特质能深化校园友谊，迅速提升人际交往技巧。而且，这种特质如果发掘的早，会在我们日后的生活及工作之中终生受用；还有一种在青少年时期出现的受欢迎度是源于权力甚至不光彩行为的地位。
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior”.
尽管耍酷少年们看起来很令人羡慕，但普林斯坦博士的研究却显示出令人不快的结果。那些在高中交际地位最高的人，以及那些在小学时最不受欢迎的人，“最有可能会做出一些高危及冒险的事儿”。
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys （调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
在一项研究中，普林斯坦博士对235名青少年进行了有关两种受欢迎度的细致分析，并基于学生研究对最不受欢迎者、最受欢迎者和地位最高者进行了评分。“我们发现，随着时间的推移，最不受欢迎的青少年对他们的同学会变得更加盛气凌人。”可是，（意外的是，）那些交际地位很高的人竟然也如出一撤。这清楚地表明，虽然讨人喜欢可以带给我们良好的人际适应能力，但是很高的交际地位对我们的影响却恰恰相反。
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date — sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
普林斯坦博士还发现，促使你身边的小伙伴与你相约玩耍的特质是---爱分享、善良以及开放。这些特质可以延续很久，并使你能够更好地与他人交往联系。
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.
在对自己及其他更多的研究进行分析时，普林斯坦博士得出了另一个结论：讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果密切相关，而且也会促使产生这些结果。他说：“被人喜欢能够创造出学习以及多种新生活经验的机会，从而帮助某人获得某种优势。”

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
新鲜空气真的对你有好处吗?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
我们都是听着别人告诉我们“出去呼吸点新鲜空气”长大的。“同样重要的是，我们往往把新鲜空气与医疗联系在一起。根据最近的研究，如果营地的空气质量好，答案是肯定的。
Fresh air cleans our lungs. If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.
鲜空气清洁我们的肺。如果你呼吸的空气是干净的——如果你远离城市的烟雾——那么空气中就充满了赋予生命的充满活力的氧气。如果你在户外锻炼，你的身体将学会更深地呼吸，让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing （治愈）. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. Being in nature refreshes us. It gives us a great feeling of peace.
最近，人们开始研究自然世界和治疗之间的联系。全国各地的康复中心已经开始建造康复花园。在这些地方，病人在康复期间可以接近大自然。事实证明，仅仅看绿色植物，生长的东西就可以减轻压力，降低血压，让人心情更好。绿色植物对我们有好处。看到窗外树枝的医院病人比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。置身大自然使我们精神焕发。它给我们一种平和的感觉。
Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。虽然太阳光线会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，但它们也会给我们提供有益的维生素D。防晒霜15分钟后才开始起作用，这段时间足够你的皮肤吸收一天所需的维生素D。

第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The crowd might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.
每年大约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山。他们带来了大量的垃圾。人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。
Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
听了这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游目的地被描述为比乞力马扎罗山“更纯粹”的自然体验。
However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于在成吨垃圾中的营地的报道以来，情况发生了很大变化。我发现了一座干净的山，营地和小路上都有厕所。环境挑战是重大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效。
The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes— low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4000 meters is the highland desert: gravel, stones and rocks. Finally, you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
在我看来，乞力马扎罗山最棒的经历并不是到达顶峰。许多文化都认为山是精神的地方。这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤为明显，因为登山者要在几公里的空间内穿过五个生态系统。最下面的是一片热带雨林。它在海拔3000米处突然终止，让位给生长低矮的植物。再往上走，天气就变了——低矮的云层笼罩着长满青草的山坡。我从我站的地方数到十二道绿色阴影。海拔4000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石块和岩石。最后，你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带，那里终年积雪，冰川可能很快就会消失。
Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座拥挤的山峰，这里挤满了破坏和平气氛的游客？我发现恰恰相反。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题l.5分，满分15分）
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000–25,000 polar bears worldwide.
北极熊生活在北极圈和一些大的陆地上，南至纽芬兰。虽然它们在88°以北非常罕见，但有证据表明，它们的活动范围横跨北极，甚至远至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。由于对北极熊活动范围的研究甚少，很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。然而，生物学家计算出全球大约有20,000到25,000只北极熊。
Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements, leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are higher than they actually are. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
现代追踪北极熊数量的方法从上世纪80年代中期才开始使用，而且要在大面积范围内持续进行，成本很高。近年来，努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说，在人类居住地附近看到熊的数量有所增加，这让人们相信熊的数量正在增加。对此，科学家们的回应是，饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致人们产生一种错觉，即它们的数量比实际数量要高。在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个正在减少，6个稳定，1个正在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
I became interested in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon when I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly a football fell just in front of me a