现代大学英语精读5修辞.doc

l 1. Alliteration 头韵
l 2. Allusion 引喻
l 3. Anaphora 首语重复法
l 4. antithesis对偶
l 5. Antonomasia 换称，代称
l 6. Chiasmus 交错法
l 7. Hyperbole 夸张
l 8. Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
l 9. metonymy借喻,转喻
l 10. oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
l 11. Repetition 重复，反复
l 12. Paradox 隽语
l 13. Parallelism 排比, 平行
l 14. Pun 双关
l 15. Simile 明喻
l 16. Syllepsis 一语双叙法，兼用法
l 17. Synecdoche 提喻
l 18. transferred epithet移就
l 19. Irony反语

Where do we go from here
Antithesis
l Ossie Davis has suggested that maybe the English language should be reconstructed so that teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child 60 ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority. (para4)
l As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (para5)
l Psychological freedom ......physical slavery (para5)
l And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and power have usually been contrasted as opposites - polar opposites--so that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. (para7)
l For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19)
l The dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. (para. 25)
l There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair.(para26)
l ......and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. (para. 27)
Metaphor
l To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood.(para5)
l Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.(para5)
l The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own Emancipation Proclamation.(para5)
l Negroes who have a double disability will have a greater effect on discrimination when they have the additional weapon of cash to use in their struggle. (para13)
Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated .(para14)
l He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. (para20)
l We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life's market place.(para21)
l America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. (para. 25)
l Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that ……(para 25)
l ……shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. (para. 25)
l ……slums are cast into the junk heaps of history. (para. 25)
l There will still be rocky places of frustration and meandering points of bewilderment.(para26)
l When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, ...... (para. 27)
l ......working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil (para. 27)
Chiasmas
l What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power is sentimental and anemic. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.(para8)
It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times.(para9)
Simile
l It is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.(para17)
l ......justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. (para. 25)
Parallel struture
l Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answers that don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)
l For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19)
l And I have seen too much hate. I've seen too much hate on the faces of sheriffs in the South. I've seen hate on the faces of too many Klansmen and too many White Citizens Councilors in the South to want to hate myself, because every time I see it, I know that it does something to their faces and their personalities and I say to myself that hate is too great a burden to bear.(para20)
Paradox
l Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answers that don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)
l ......a power that is able to make a way out of no way. (para 27)
Anaphora
l And the other thing is that I am concerned about a better world. I'm concerned about justice. I'm concerned about brotherhood. I'm concerned about truth. And when one is concerned about these, he can never advocate violence.(para19)
l So, I conclude by saying again today that we have a task and let us go out with a "divine dissatisfaction." Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. Let us be dissatisfied until those that live on the outskirts of hope are brought into the metropolis of daily security. Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps of history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. Let us be dissatisfied until integration is not seen as a problem but as an opportunity to participate in the beauty of diversity. Let us be dissatisfied until men and women, however black they may be, will be judged on the basis of the content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin.
l Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor
l Antithesis allusion metonymy simile
l Alliteration
l Let us be dissatisfied. Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses a governor who will do justly, who will love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together. and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. Let us be dissatisfied. And men will recognize that out of one blood God made all men to dwell upon the face of the earth. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when nobody will shout "White Power!" - when nobody will shout "Black Power!" - but everybody will talk about God's power and human power.
l Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor
l Antithesis allusion metonymy simile
l Alliteration allusion
l When our days become dreary with low hovering clouds of despair, and when our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows.
l Metaphor
l paradox
l antithesis
Two kinds
l Simile1.It was like a stiff embraceless dance between her and the TV set. para 21 )
2.So that the fluffy skirt of her white dress cascaded slowly to the floor like the petals of a large carnation. (para24 )
3.I would play after him, the simple scale, the simple chord, and then I just played some nonsense that sounded like a cat running up and down on top of garbage cans. (para 38 )
4.He marched stiffly to show me how to make each finger dance up and down, staccato like an obedient little soldier. (para 39 )
5.I felt the same way, and it seemed as if everybody were now coming up, like gawkers at the scene of an accident. (para 60 )
6. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest. (para 73)
7.Her face went blank, her mouth closed, her arms went slack, and she backed out the room, stunned, as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless. (para 76)
l 8. …… as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless. (para 76)
Oxymoron
1.She was proudly modest like a proper Chinese child. (para 24 )
2.I heard a little boy whisper loudly to his mother. (para 53)
l Alliteration
.Chinatown’s Littlest Chinese Chess Champion. (para 42 )
Irony
1.You lucky you don’t have this problems, said Auntie Lindo with a sign to my mother. (para 44 )
Hyperbole
1.And now I realized how many people were in the audience, the whole world it seemed. (para 54)
Metaphor
1.We could have escaped during intermission. Pride and some strange sense of honor must have anchored my parents to their chairs. (para 55 )
Ridicule
1.She took me to a beauty training school in the Mission district and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. (para 6 )
Syllepsis
The lid of piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams. (para 81)
Allusion
l I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger. (para 9)
Metaphor
l Telegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied together and more intricate knots between …… (para 2)
l …. will flatten every cultural crease. (para 4)
l Metaphor
l Apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. (para 7)
l We borrowed an American box. (para 8)
l Early on I realized……some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.
Metonymy
l ……and suggesting that Hollywood be burned. (para 5)
l …… to live in a museum while we will have shower that work. (para 6)
l Antonomasia
l ……at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s Upper West Side. (para 14)
Professions for Women
l Synecdoche
l 1.I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2 )
Metonymy
l 1.No demand was made upon the family purse. (para 1 )
2. I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2)
Metaphor
l 1.The image that comes to my mind when I think of this girl is the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake with a rod held out over the water. (para 5 )
2.You have won rooms of you own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (para 7 )
Lesson Seven Invisible Man
Metaphor
l 1.It took me……and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to…….(p1)
l 2. A sea of faces, some hostile, some amused, ringed around us…… (para 7)
l 3. ……I had suddenly found myself in a dark room filled with poisonous cottonmouths. (para 11)
Simile
l It was as though I had rolled through a bed of hot coals. (para 44)
l 1About eighty-five years……separate like the fingers of the hand.(p1)
l 2.The young children……on the wick like the old man’s breathing.(p2)
l 3.The hair was yellow like that of a circus kewpie doll.(p7)
l 4. ……firm and round as the domes of East Indian temples. (para 7)
l 5. ……and beads of pearly perspiration glistening like dew …… (para 7)
6. the smoke of a hundred cigar clinging to her like the thinnest of veils. (para 8)
l 7.In my mind……as bright as flame.(para10)
l 8.For in those days……like a crisp ginger cookie.(para16)
l 9. But the blindfold was tight as a thick skin-puckering scab. (para 17)
10.My saliva became like hot bitter glue.(p20)
l 11.The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs……(p21)
l 12. ……testing the smoke-filled air like the knobbed feelers of hypersensitive snails. (para. 21)
13. A blow to my head……like a jack-in-the-box……(p27)
l 14. A hot, violent force……like a wet rat.(p38)
l 15. some called like a bass-voiced parrot. (para 39)
l 16. glistening like a circus seal,……(para 40)
l 17.Suddenly I saw……twitching like the flesh of a horse stung by many flies.(p40)
l 18.I was careful……like a cloud of foul air……(p42)
l 19.Seeing their fingers……as a fumbled football……(p45)
l 20.I was limp as a dish rag.(p46)
l 21.But still……as though deaf with cotton in dirty ears.(p55)
l 22. The laugher hung smoke……like in the sudden stillness.(p70)
l 3. Alliteration
l 1. I want you……to death and destruction……(p2)
l 2. Some of the other……slipping and sliding……(p9)
4.Transferred epithet
l 1.We were a small……with anticipatory sweat……(p6)
l 2.But now I……of blind terror.(p10)
l 3.He kept coming, bring the rank sharp violence of……(p25)
5. Irony
l 1.What powers of endurance……! What enthusiasm!(p55)
Simile
l 1. Grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to sting the flesh. (para.1 line 7)
l 2. The land was like iron. (para.8 line 1)
l 3. Her long, black hair, always drawn and…, lay upon her shoulders and against her breast like a shawl. (para. 10 line 10)
l 4. Houses are like sentinels in the plain, old keepers of the weather watch. (para.11 line 1)
l 5. My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil. (para 14)
Lesson 9 Metaphor
l 1. Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summer the prairie is an anvil’s edge.(para1 line4)
l 2. The skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods and deep cleavages of shade. (para.6 line 3)
l 3. Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain. (Para 7 line 1)
l 4. The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon the grain like water, dividing light. (para.7 line5)
l 5. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;
l 6. They must wean their blood from……..(para 7 )
l Alliteration
1. The grass turns brittle and brown.(para.1 line 6)
l 2. There are green belts along the rivers and creeks linear groves of hickory and pecan, willow and witch hazel.(para1.line7)
l 3. Great green-and-yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the ………(para1 line9)
l 4. …but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. (para6 line5)
l 5. There to beg and barter for an animal from the Goodninght herd.(para 9 line 9)
6. So exclusive were they of all mere custom and company. (para10 line 8)
l 7. But there was something inherently sad in the sound, some merest hesitation upon the syllables of sorrow. (para10 line 14)
l 8. The aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s home when I was a child were made of lean and leather. (para.12 line 6)
l 9. Full of jest and gesture , fright and false alarm. They went abroad in fringed and flowered shawls. ( para 12 4)
Pun
l It was a long journey toward the dawn. (para 4)
l ……for indeed they emerged from a sunless world. (para 4)