动词不定式的用法归纳.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词不定式的基本用法归纳,1,不定式由,“,to+,动词原形,”,构成,其否定形式是,“,not/never to do,”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用,“,for+,名词或代词宾格,”,构成。,不定式,2,1.,作主语,2.,作宾语,3.,作宾语补足语,4.,作定语,5.,作状语6.,作表语,7.,作独立成分,8.,与疑问词等连用,3,1,不定式作主语,(subject),To see,is,to believe.,To keep smiling,is healthy for you.,It,s important,to learn English well.,若不定式太长,往往用,it,作形式主语,不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,谓语动词用单数形式,。,Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit,When and where to hold the party hasnt been decidedWhen to hold the party and where to hold the party _been decided.,havent,4,2.,作宾语,1),不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如,want,decide,intend,expect,learn,manage,plan,promise,refuse,threaten,fail,wish,hope,pretend,choose,等等。,I mean,to go there at once.,I hope,to finish the work in time.,I plan,to go to Beijing this summer.,2).,不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用,it,作形式宾语。句型为“主语,+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+,形容词,/,名词,+to do sth”,。,I think it our duty,to obey the laws.,I found it difficult,to see him here.,5,3),不定式用在介词,but,except,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词,do,的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带,to,相反则带,to.,(1).She could,do,nothing,but cry,.,(2).There is nothing to do but wait.,(3).I,have,no choice,but to go,.,6,3,作表语,不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是,表示意向、打算、计划的词,，如,wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job.,To teach is,to learn.,My job is,to help the patient.,My ambition is,to become a teacher.,The old man seems to be sick.,【,注意,】,如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词,do,时，作表语的动词不定式省略,to,。,All I want to,do,now is,fill my stomach.,7,4,作宾语补足语,He asked me,to go with him,.,He didn,t allow me,to go out alone,.,【,注意,】,在感官动词（,see,hear,feel,listen to,notice,watch,observe,等）和使役动词,let,have,，,make,后的补足语中，不定式不带,to,。,但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带,to,。,I saw him,play in the park.,He was seen,to play in the park.,The boss made those men,work day and night.,Those men were made,to work day and night.,I heard her,sing today,She was heard,to sing today,8,1.something,anything,nothing,everything,no one,等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。,e.g.,I have something,to say,.,He is not a man,to tell lies.,We all have a chance,to go to college,.,(5,).,定语,与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物动词，则需加介词。,Can you give some paper to _(write)?I have no jewelry to _(wear).,He is looking for a room to _(live).,He needs a friend to _(play).There are three pairs of shoes for you to _ (choose).,write on,wear,live in,play with,choose from,动宾关系,主谓关系,同位关系,9,2.,当名词被,the first,the last,the only,等词以及,形容词最高级修饰,时,eg:,She is always,the first,to come,and,the last,to leave,.,10,6.,作状语,不定式作状语时，可表示,目的，原因，结果或条件,。如,;,不定式作目的状语时，常可与,to,in order to,so as to,连用。,I came here to see you.,（目的）,He got up early,so as not to be late,.,不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。,The question is difficult,to answer,.,。,11,不定式作结果状语常用如下句型,The room is big,enough to,hold us.,It is,such,a big room,as to,hold us,.,He is,so,kind,as to,help us,.,such+,（形容词）名词,+as to do sth,so+,形容词,/,副词,+as to do sth,He hurried to the school,to,find nobody,there.,（结果）,He is,too,old,to,lift the box.,12,3.,表示原因,:,不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed,等。,eg:Im glad/pleased,to see you.,We were surprised,to hear the news.,13,(4).,独立结构作状语,to be frank,to be honest(with you),to make things worse,To tell(you)the truth,I dont agree with you.,类似的结构,14,(8),不定式与疑问词,who,which,when,how,what,等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know,what to say,.,How to solve,the problem is very important,.,My question is,when to start,.,注意：,在与,why,连用时，只用于,why,或,why not,开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带,to,。,Why not have a rest?,15,(9),不定式的省略,(1).,不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要,省略该动词,.,e.g.:-Would you like to go with me?,-Yes,Id like to.,(2).,不定式是,to be,结构,be,不可省,.,(3),I didnt tell him the news.Oh,you ought,to have(told him the news),.,e.g.:-Would you like to be a teacher?,-Yes,Id like,to be.,16,1.It is good,to help others,.,2.It is my ambition,to make sure that,the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.,3.My ambition is,to work in,the computer industry when I grow up.,Identify its function.,(subject),(subject),(predicative),想一想,17,4.I dont have time,to sit around,feeling sorry for myself.,5.I am the only student in my class,to have a pet snake,.,6.A big company has decided,to buy it from me,.,7.My fellow students have begun,to accept me for who I am,.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),18,8.I have had to work hard,to live a normal life,.,9.Some days I am too tired,to get out of bed,.10.We must call on local government,to,give financial assistance to disabled,people,.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(object complement),19,Exercise,20,1.I dont know whether you happen _,but Im going to study in the USA this September.(2004,辽宁）,A.to be heard,B.to be hearing,C.to hear,D.to have heard,Quiz II,Multiple Choice,21,2.This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape records in the world.(2005,上海春）,A.producing,B.to produce,C.having produced,D.produced,22,3._ this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.(2006,广东）,A.Having made,B.Make,C.To make,D.Making,23,4.I like getting up very early in summer.,The morning air is so good _.,(2008,全国卷,),A.to be breathed,B.to breathe,C.breathing,D.being breathed,24,5.Did the book give the information you,needed?,Yes.But _ it,I had to read the entire,book.(2008,北京卷,),A.to find,B.find,C.to finding,D.finding,25,Passage1.,1.filled,2.,company,(keep sb company),3.myself 4.whether ing 6.that/which,7.With 8.saw 9.the pletely,Passage2.,1.like 2.them 3.before,4.,are being polluted,5.wonder 6.and 7.an 8.strictest 9.to take 10.that/which,Passage3.,1.crowded 2.But 3.an,4.eating 5.who/that 6.going .Besides/Moreover,8.,comments,9.recommended 10.whatever,Passage4.,1.It 2.viewers 3.to 4.But 5.which 6.performed 7.the 8.highlighting 9.excited 10.Though/Although,Passage5.,1.lost 2.a 3.must 4.that/which 5.because 6.worse 7.to stay 8.in/with 9.saying 10.were rescued,26,Passage6.,1.grew 2.As 3.called 4.successful 5.how 6.that/which 7what 8.organization 9.her 10.the,Passage7.,1.the 2.,it,3.but 4.exactly 5.embarrassing 6.was taking 7.parking 8.when 9.should 10.time,Passage8.,1.it 2.was asked 3.saying 4.a 5.only 6.physically 7.who 8.strength,s,9.whether 10.important,Passage9.,1.their 2.useless 3.to make,4.be inspired 5.a 6.playing 7.weight 8.Besides/Moreover 9.that 10.So,27,Passage10.,1.were trained 2.until 3.,competing,4.different 5.generally 6.which 7.them 8.with 9.ancestors 10.The,Passage11.,1.is created 2.The 3.actually 4.from 5.would,（虚拟）,6.to figure 7.idea 8.waiting 9.than 10.while/but,Passage12.,1.introducing 2.,problem,3.of,4.to accept,5.a 6,.paid,petitive 8.when 9.higher 10.that/which,28,结构,:to do,(,否定,)not/never to do,二,.,时态与语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been,done,to have been,doing,-,-,29,不定式的时态,不定式的一般式,to do,I am glad,to see you,.,He has decided,to give her,some money.,They are discussing the meeting,to take place,tomorrow.,表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作,或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是,在它之后发生。,30,不定式的进行式,to be doing,I am very glad,to be working,with you.,He pretended,to be working,hard,when his boss passed him.,He,is said,to be studying,in America.,表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动,作同时发生。,31不定式的完成式,to have done,He happened,to have seen,the film before.,He is believed to have studied in America.,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作,或状态之前。,32,He wanted,to have met,you at the,airport,but he didnt get there in time.,表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划,hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned,不定式的完成式,to have done,He would like to,have played,the,violin at the concert.,不定式的完成式在,would like,后边表示,未能实现的愿望。,33,Exercises:,1.Robert is said _(study)abroad,but I dont know what country he will study in.,2.Robert is said_(study)abroad,but I dont know what country he is studying in.,3.Robert is said _(study)abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.,34,不定式的语态,主动语态,to do,被动语态,to be done,It is an honor for me,to be invited,to,attend the meeting.,The next thing,to be done,is to get our classroom painted.,The novel is believed,to have been,translated,into Chinese.,He is said,to have been praised,.,35,The question is very difficult,（,for me),to answer,.,The problem is difficult,to deal with,.,He is hard,to talk to,.,The air is hard to breathe.,1.,主语,be+adj.+to do,能用于此句型的形容词有,:,difficult,easy,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(,使人疲劳的,),comfortable,interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.,一般,认为形容词后省去了,for sb,.,主动形式表被动意义的不定式,9,）不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判断的，但有时的确比较复杂,36,The box is light enough,to,carry.,The river water is warm enough,to,swim in.,2.,主语,+be+adj.+enough+to do,The books seemed,too,heavy,to,carry.,The ice is,too,thin,to,skate on.,3.,主语,+be +too+adj.+to do,37,在,there be,结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。,There is a lot of work to do.,（,Somebody has to do the work.,）,There is a lot of work to be done.,（,The work has to be done.,）,38,不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式,。如：,Have you got a key,to unlock the door,?,(A key unlocks the door.),不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式,。,I,have got,a letter,to write,.(I write letter.,）,He,needs,a room,to live in.,（,He lives in a room.,）,39,当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。如：,He,asked,to be sent,to work in the countryside.It is possible for,our hopes,to be realized,.,Do,you have anything to wash?,Do you have anything to be washed?,Do you have anything to be sent to Shanghai?,40,几对易混淆的词组：,stop to do sth.,停下来去做某事,doing sth.,停止做某事,forget to do sth.,忘记去做某事,doing sth.,忘记已做了某事,remember to do sth.,记得去做某事,doing sth.,记得曾经做某事,mean to do,打算做某事,doing,意味着,try to do,尽力做,doing,试着做,consider to be,认为。是,doing,考虑做某事,cant help do,不能帮着做某事,doing,忍不住做某事,41,1.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.,A.to eat not B.eating not,C.not to eat D.not eating,2.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A.to go B.to have gone,C.going D.having gone,3.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.,A.to invent B.inventing,C.to have invented D.having invented,42,4.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.,A.to be taken B.to take,C.being taken D.taking,5._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.,A.To sleep B.Sleeping,C.Sleep D.Having sleep,6.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.,A.dont make B.not make,C.not making D.not to make,43,7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning,9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do C.not to ride D.do not to,44,10.,I dont know whether you happen _,but Im going to study in the USA this September.,A.to be heard B.to be hearing,C.to hear D.to have heard,11.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.,not make B.not to make,C.not making D.dont make,12.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.,expected B.to expect,C.to be expecting D.expects,45,13.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.,A.to see B.to be seen,C.seeing D.see,14.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.,it what to do with B.what to do with it,C.what to do it with D.to do what with it,46,1,爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。,_ are both great happiness.,2,据说他已经完成了他的工作。,He is said _,_.,3,根据报道他们已安全到达。,They are reported _.,To love and to be loved,to have finished/completed,his work,翻译下面的句子,to have arrived safely,47,4,我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。,I want this bike _,_.,5,玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。,Mary seemed _.,6,众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚,金牌。,He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.,to be repaired at once,to have been told about it,to have been given,/immediately,48,10,不定式符号,to,的保留问题 有时为了避免重复，可以用,to,来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现下列动词后：expect,，,prefer,，,care,，,mean,，,forget,，,want,，,wish,，,hope,，,try,以及,be glad/happy,等后。,如果在省略的不定式结构中含有,be,，,have,，,have been,，这些词要保留,。如：,Are you on holiday?No,but Id like,to be(on holiday),.I didnt tell him the news.Oh,you ought,to have(told him the news),.,Do you want to take a walk with me?,Yes,Im glad to.,49,Thank You Good bye!,50,5,定语,1,、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名词为不定式的逻辑主语，构成主谓关系；若名词为逻辑宾语，则构成动宾关系；,He is not a man,to tell lies,.,There will not be enough space,to stand in on the earth.,2,、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，不定式动词又是不及物动词时，,应在该动词上加上一个介词,，如,;,He has a nice pen,to write with,.,He is looking for a room,to live in,.,He is said the best way,to travel by is on foot,.,51,在,there be,结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。,There is a lot of work to do.,（,Somebody has to do the work.,）,There is a lot of work to be done.,（,The work has to be done.,）请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：,There is nothing to do.,（无事可做，感到十分乏味。）,There is nothing to be done.,（某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。）,52,不定式作定语时，应放在,被修饰词的后面,，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1.,不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有,三种,关系：,(1),动宾关系,I have a lot of work to do,.,Give me a pen to write with.,(2),主谓关系,He is always the first to come,.,He has no one to take care of him.,(3),不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象,(,同位关系,),。,This is the right time to start.,We all have a chance to go to college.,53,