【语法强攻教师整理】2016届高考英语总复习专题课件：代词(共55张PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,代词,单数,复数,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,人,称,代,词,主格,I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they,宾格,me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them,代词分类,物,主,代,词,形容词性,my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their,名词性,mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs,反身代词,myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ours-elves,yours-elves,them-,selves,指示代词,this,that,such,so,the same,these,those,疑问代词,what,which,who,whom,whose,关系代词,that,which,who,whose,as,连接代词,who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,不定代词,all,both,either,other,another,one,each,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,none,no one复合不定代词,someone,anyone,something,anything,nothing,everything,everyone,nobody,相互代词,宾格,each other,one another,所有格,each others,one anothers,考点梳理,一、人称代词,人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格在句中作动词、介词宾语、同位语等成分，有时也可作表语。不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。,人称代词，物主代词和反身代词,【,注意,】,在连词,than,和,as,引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句，只保留人称代词，人称代词作主语时要用主格，在口语中也常用宾格；但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。,如：,My sister speaks English,as well as me/I,.(,口语中常用,me),My sister speaks English,as well as I do,.(,此时只能用,I),二、物主代词,1,物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，必须与所指的名词在人称、数和性别方面保持一致。,如：,The waiters,offered,their,food to the homeless man.,【,注意,】,单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时，如果前面有,every,，,each,修饰，谓语动词用单数，代词用,his,。,如：,2.,形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能作,名词或动名词的定语。,e.g.This is,our,classroom.,Would you mind,my,opening the,window?,Each,boy and,each,girl wants to lend,his,raincoat to the soldiers.,3.,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及,of,连用，构成双重所有格。,如：,This is her coat.,Mine,is over there.,Some friends of mine,will attend my birthday party.,三、反身代词,1.,反身代词通常在,enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,amuse,behave,等动词和,by,for,to,of,等介词后作宾语。,如：,He was left at home,by,himself,the whole day yesterday.,2.,反身代词可以作主语的同位语，主要起加强,语气的作用，意为“亲自，本人，亲身”。,e.g.The teacher and pupils mended the road,themselves,.,3.,反身代词可以在,be,feel,look,seem,等系动词,后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。,e.g.You look pale.Whats wrong with you?,Im not feeling,myself,today,not,serious,though.,注意,(1),反身代词本身不能单独作主语。,(,正,)I,myself,drove the car.,我自己开车。,(,误,),Myself,drove the car.,(2),在由,and,or,nor,连接的并列主语中，第,二个主语可用反身代词，特别是,myself,作主语。,eg.Charles and,myself,saw it.,(3),在不强调的情况下，,but,except,for,等介,词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。,e.g.No one but,myself/me,is hurt.,4.,反身代词的习惯搭配,介词,+,反身代词,for oneself,为自己；亲自地,to oneself,对自己；独用,of oneself,自动地,by oneself,独自地,(2),动词反身代词,dress oneself,自己穿衣,make oneself at home,不要客气,seat oneself=be seated,就坐,teach oneself自学,come to oneself,苏醒,devote oneself to=be devoted to,致力于,enjoy oneself,过得愉快，玩得高兴,help oneself to,自行取用，请自便,accustom oneself to=be accustomed to,习惯于,amuse oneself,消遣，自娱,behave oneself,表现良好,apply oneself to,sth,.,致力于,explain oneself,说明自己的意图,express oneself,表达自己的思想,abandon oneself to,沉迷于，放纵,一、指示代词,1.,指上文提到的事物，一般用,that,，有时也用,this,；指下文将要提到的事物，常用,this,或,these,。,如：,He said I was lying,and,that,was unfair.,(that,指代上文,He said I was lying),What I want you to remember is,this,：,Practise,makes perfect.,(,此句中,this,指代下文，不能换为,that),指示代词，相互代词和疑问代词,2.that/those,可作定语从句的先行词，但,this/these,不能；其中,those,可指人，但,that,不能。,如：,She has known,that,which she wanted to,know.,I admire,those,who are always helping,others.,(those,作定语从句的先行词，指人,),二、相互代词,相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，只有,each other,和,one another,两个词组，都表示“互相，相互”。,1.each other,和,one another,在句中可以作动词或,介词的宾语。,如：,Lets help,each other,and learn from each,other.,They looked at,one another,and laughed.,2.,作定语时,each other,和,one another,须用,所有格，表示“彼此的”。,如：,We said hello to,one anothers/each,others,family.,三、疑问代词,1.,疑问代词后接,ever,的用法。,(1)whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,表泛指，意为“无论,”,。,如：,You have our support,whatever,you,decide.,Whichever,of you gets here first will get,the prize.I dont want to see them,whoever,they,are.,(2),置于疑问代词后，用于加强语气。如：,Whatever,do you mean?,Whoever,heard of such a thing!,2.,疑问代词的单复数形式要由所代表的人或事,物的单复数形式来确定，如果不清楚代表的,人或物是复数还是单数，则谓语动词多用单,数形式。,who/what/which,作主语时，谓语动,词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。,如：,What,he needs most,is,his mothers love.,What,we need,are,good books一、复合不定代词,1.,修饰不定代词的形容词应后置。,e.g.Is there,anything,wrong with my car?,2.,复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词往往用,第三人称单数形式。,不定代词,3.,复合不定代词构成的固定短语：,anything but,根本不，一点也不,nothing but,只不过,do nothing but,只有，除,之外什么事也不做,have something/nothing to do with,与,有,/,无关,something of,有点，有几分,二、全部否定与部分否定,由,some,和,any,构成的不定代词的用法与,some,和,any,的用法基本一致。,all,both,everyone,everybody,everything,以及“,every,名词”都表示全部肯定；,no one,none,nobody,nothing,not.any,以及“,no,名词”都表示全部否定；,但当,not,出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管,not,在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外,not,与总括性副词如,everywhere,always,wholly,altogether,等连用时也表示部分否定。,e.g.All of,the boys are clever,but,none of,them can work out this problem.,(all,表示,全部肯定，,none,表示全部否定,),Such a thing,cant,be found,everywhere,.,(“not,everywhere”,表示部分否定,),The exam is very easy,but,not all,of the,students can pass it.,(“not,all”,表示部分否定,),三、,both,either,neither,each,all,none,both,表示两者都，具有肯定含义；,either,表示两者中的任何一个；,neither,表示两者都不；,each,表示两者或两者以上的每一个；,all,表示全部，指三者或三者以上的人或物，也可笼统地表示“一切，所有”；,none,表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定，与,of,连用或用来回答,how many/much,的提问。,【,考例,】Its an either-or situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.,A.others B.either,C.another D.both,D,四、,another,other,the other,others,the others,another,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中不确定的另一个；,other,表示“另外的人,/,物，别的人,/,物”；,the other,指两者中的另一个；,others=other+,名词，泛指“别的人或物”；,the others,指“一定范围内其余的人或物”，如果被指代的名词是不可数名词，则用,the rest,。,【,考例,】In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in _,knives and forks.,A.another B.others,C.both D.all,B,一、,it,作人称代词,在特定的环境中，,it,也可指人，如指婴儿、性别不详或身份不明的人。,e.g.The baby stopped crying as soon as,it,saw the woman.,Who is,it,?,It,s me.,it的用法,二、,it,作形式主语或形式宾语,it,可以作形式主语或形式宾语而把真正的主语或宾语后置。,1.,用,it,作形式主语的主语从句结构,(1)It,系动词形容词,that,从句,It is necessary/important/surprising/strange,that,从句，从句中谓语动词常用“,should,动词原形”形式，且,should,可省略。,(2)It,系动词名词,that,从句,It is a pity/a shame/good news/a fact/an,honour,/a wonder/no wonder/our duty,that,从句。,e.g.,Its no wonder that,youve achieved so,much success.,(3)It,不及物动词,that,从句,It seems/happened/turned out/occurs/,appears,that,从句。,e.g.,It happened that,he was out when I called,on him.,(4)It,系动词过去分词,that,从句,It is said/reported/announced/believed/,thought/well known/hoped/pointed out/,found out/suggested/ordered/advised/,requested/insisted/required/demanded,that,从句。,e.g.Its said that,they have succeeded in,carrying out this experiment.,【,注意,】,在“,It is suggested/advised/ordered/,requested/insisted/required/demanded,that,从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“,should,动词原形”，,should,可省略。,e.g.It is suggested that,you(should)spend,more time in studying English.,(5),其他句型，如,It doesnt matter./It,makes no difference.,等。,e.g.It doesnt matter,what you wear,as,long as you look neat and tidy.,It makes no difference,to me whether,you go or not.,2.it,作形式宾语的情况,(1),动词,find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用,it,作形式宾,语，把作为真正宾语的,that,从句后置。,e.g.We,make,it,a rule that we get up at six,every day.,We all,think it,important that we should,protect the environment from being,polluted.,(2),有些动词接宾语从句时，需在动词和从,句间加,it,。这些动词有：,hate,appreciate,take,owe,have,等。,e.g.I,take it,that you will agree with us.,(3)“,动词介词,it,that”,结构。常见的有,see to,depend on,rely on,等。,e.g.I will,see to it,that everything is ready on,time.,三、,it,可用在强调句型,It is/was.that.,中。,e.g.It was,in the street that I met him,yesterday.,【,注意,】,it,作形式主语和,it,引导强调句的区别：,it,作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构,(,特别是谓语较短时,),，主语从句的连接词没有变化。,it,引导的强调句用来对句中某一个成分加以强调，其结构为“,It is/was,被强调部分,that.”,。在正式英语中，无论强调什么部分，都要求用连词,that,，但是在一般情况下，如果被强调的主语是“人”，也可用,who,。值得注意的是，当被强调部分是状语时，只能用,that,，不要误用,when,，,where,，,how,等。,be,动词的时态，可以随着,that,从句时态的不同而变化。强调句型中去掉,It is/was,和,that,后，句子仍然完整，而,it,作形式主语的句子则不能。,e.gIt is,I,who,am setting off for London,next week.,It was,at six oclock,that,we arrived at,the mountain village.,It was,at the hotel room,that,the,gentleman had stayed.,四、,it,的特殊用法,1.,指代时间、距离、自然现象,(,天气,),等。,e.g.,It,is half past two now.(,指时间,),It,is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.,(,指距离,),A lovely day,isnt,it,?(,指天气,),2.,指环境情况等。,e.g.,It,is very noisy at the moment.,3.,用于某些习语搭配。,make it,及时赶到；成功完成,catch it,受处罚，被责骂,I.,选用下面内合适的代词并用其正确形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。,neither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it,1.The cells of the body,especially _ of,the brain,can live only several minutes,without circulating blood.,2.They both smiled;_ seemed likely to,be aware of my absence for long.,3.He whispered so softly that _ but,Julie heard him.,巩固练习,those,neither,none,neither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it,4.There were glasses of champagne and cigars,but not many of _ were consumed.,5.Would you get me a cup of coffee?,_ one?,6.The furniture was rather old;hed obviously,picked it up for _.,7.When you introduce me to the company,could you please say _ for me?,8.I like _ when a book is so good that,you cant put it down.,either,Another,nothing,something,it,neither,none,either,nothing,those,another,itself,something,I,that,it,9.The cost of renting an apartment downtown,is higher than _ in any other area of,the city.,10.Scientists have discovered remarkable new,evidence showing how the body rebuilds,_ while we sleep.,11.Then the driver stood up and asked,“Did,anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A,woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!Its,_.”,that,itself,mine,II.,选择题,1.Have you figured out how much the,tuition is in American universities?,$19,000,or _ like that.,A.anything,B.everything,C.nothing D.something,2.Frankly speaking,_ of them,knew what the other was doing that,morning.,A.none,B.neither,C.some,D.all,3.Her dog is funny and lovely,but I dont,think I have enough time to keep _.,A.this B.one C.it D.that,4.Many parents made _ their daily,routine to get out for a walk in the,evening.,A.this B.it,C.that D.what,5.Whats troubling us are not the burdens,of our schoolwork but the ways we,handle _.,A.this B.it,C.us D.them,6.The basic design of the car is very,similar to _ of earlier models.,A.that B.it,C.this D.one,7.Jack said you got a unique watch for,your birthday.,Yes.Maybe it is not to the taste of,_ but I like it.,A.anyone B.none,C.everyone D.nobody,8.I need some carbon paper badly,but,there is _ at hand.,A.none B.no one,C.nothing D.not anything,9.Excuse me,I want to have my car,repaired,and I want to go to the,nearest garage.,I know where _ is.Come on,and Ill show you.,A.it B.the one,C.that D.one,1.Susan made _ clear to me that she,wished to make a new life for herself.,A.that B.this,C.it D.her,2.Good families are much to all their members,but _ to none.,A.something B.anything,C.everything D.nothing,3.Id appreciate _ if you could let me,know in advance whether or not you will,come.,A.it B.you,C.one D.this,4.Shed lived in London and Manchester,but,she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.,A.both B.neither,C.none D.either,5.You can ask anyone for help._ here,is willing to lend you a hand.,A.One B.No one,C.Everyone D.Someone,