over作为介词的用法.doc

over作为介词的用法
1、在……上方（垂直）；在……上面
There's a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥.
Spread a cloth over the table. 给桌子上铺块布.
A lamp hung over us. 我们头上吊着一盏灯.
The magistrate looked at the merchant from head to foot, and a faint smile passed over his face.
那个官员把商人从头到脚看了一遍，一丝淡淡的微笑掠过他的脸上。
You can't wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it'll look terrible.
你不能把一件蓝夹克穿在那件衬衫的外面，太难看了。
It was very difficult to build and rebuild such a great wall over wild and distant country without any modern machines.
没有现代化的机械,要在荒凉、偏远的乡下建造并重建这样一道巨大的城墙是非常难的。
They lifted earth in baskets, passed bricks from hand to hand and dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders.
他们用筐抬土，用手递砖，肩上套着绳子拖拉沉重的石块。
Then he moved it slowly up and down over his open hand.
接着他就伸开手，慢慢地上下抛动它。
This was their work—to move the ship over the high sea and into the very eye of the wind.
这就是他们的工作——驾驶轮船穿过大海，进入风暴中心。
2、（地位、职位、势力等）高于，在……之上；
He is over me in the office. 他职务比我高。
Their owners had complete power over them. 他们的主人对他们有绝对的控制权。
3、（数目、程度）在……以上，超过：（=more than）
He is over fifty. 他五十多岁。
He spoke (for) over an hour. 他讲了一个多小时。
The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. 长城有两千多年的历史。
4、越过，从……边缘往下：
She looked over the fence to the distance.
她双眼越过篱笆向远处望去。
He jumped over the fence and disappeared in a moment.
他跳过篱笆，一会儿就不见了。
It winds its way from west to east , across desert, over mountains, through valleys till at last it reaches the sea.
长城自西向东蜿蜒迂回，过沙漠，越高山，跨峡谷，最后直达海边。
On the way home, I talked over the shoulder to David.
回家的路上，我回过头跟大卫说话。
The child fell over the balcony. 孩子从阳台边上掉了下去。
5、（时间）在……期间；直到……过完：
American English has changed over the centuries, too.
几个世纪以来，美国英语也起了变化。
In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends.
就这样过了几天，画家和老鼠成了好朋友。
It was difficult for me to do any interesting “collecting” over the last few months.
过去的几个月里，我想做点有趣儿的“收集”都很难。
Can't you stay over Sunday? 你不能等过了星期天再走吗？
-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? –I believe not.
——你觉得这个周末会下雨吗？ ——不会吧。
Some of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time.
一些垃圾，像食物、纸和铁，经过较长一段时间就腐烂了。
If we read bad news about well-known people, or get the frightful details of our neighbor's bad situation over a cup of coffee, our own problems begin to pale in comparison.
如果我们喝咖啡时看到了名人的不幸消息，或是了解到邻居所处的可怕窘境，那么，我们自己的问题相比之下好像就小多了。
6、在……方面，关于，由于：
It's no use crying over spilt milk. 【谚语】木已成舟，哭亦无用。
They wept over (for) their failure. 他们为失败而哭泣。
We had a good laugh over the cross-talk. 那段相声让我们笑得不轻。
They mourn over the old man's death. 他们哀悼老人的去世。
“Someone must be very unhappy over the loss,” she said. “My son, you must return this to the owner.”
“有人丢东西肯定非常地不高兴，”她说，“我儿，你得把这个还给它的主人。”
7、通过……的通讯途径：
He heard the exciting news over (on) the radio.
他从收音机上听到了那个令人兴奋的消息。
People at the shop will show you the thing you're interested in right over the phone.
商店里的人刚好可以通过电话让你看一看你感兴趣的东西。