英语四级选词填空高频词汇与技巧.doc

确定空白处词性
　　以下情况，空白处为动词：
　　1 n./pron. vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中间谓动
　　2 n./pron. vi.　前名后无名，谓动不及物
　　3 n./pron. vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，谓动不及物
　　4 n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be动或系动
　　5 to v.　前有to，后原型
　　注意：确定空白处为动词，还需根据上下文确定正确形式
　　以下情况，空白处为分词：
　　过去分词：
　　1has/have/had p.p(完成时态)
　　2be p.p(被动语态)
　　3p.p n.或 n. p.p(过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生)
　　现在分词：
　　1be -ing(进行时态)
　　2-ing n.或n.-ing(现在分词做形容词，表示主动或正在进行)
　　3prep. –ing(介词宾语)
　　以下情况，空白处为名词：
　　(名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语)
　　1a/the n. 前有冠词
　　2n. V. 空白后为谓语动词
　　3prep. n. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词
　　(注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数;根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数)
　　以下情况，空白处为形容词：
　　1adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名词
　　2adv. adj. 空白前是副词
　　3link v./be adj. be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语
　　以下情况，空白处为副词：
　　1adv. v.或 v. adv.副词修饰动词，表示程度状态
　　2adv. adj.副词可修饰形容词
　　3adv.从句，有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系
确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义，继而缩小选择范围，节省大量时间。
　　Sample: The classroom (offers) opportunities for children to replace angry violent behaviors with _______ , peaceful ones.
　　(根据语法判断此处为形容词，与peaceful有一样具有积极意义，与前文的angry, violent词义色彩相反，那么comprehensive, cooperative, entire应选择cooperative)
　　介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语.
　　注意 to (介词&动词不定式)
　　to的短语接动名词 :abandon oneself to(沉溺于),
　　adhere to(坚持),
　　stick to(坚持，信守),
　　cling to(坚持，忠于),

　　admit to(承认),
　　confess to(承认),
　　contribute to(做贡献),
　　feel up to(感觉能胜任),
　　get down to(开始着手做),
　　give one’s mind to(专心),
　　give way to(让步),
　　yield to(屈服),
　　lead to(导致),
　　look forward to(渴望),
　　object to(反对),
　　take to(开始从事，喜欢),
　　turn to(求助),
　　succumb to(屈服),
　　see to(照顾，料理),

　　get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be subject to(受支配的，常遭受),
　　submit to(顺从，屈服)
利用不定冠词(a/an)判断考点是否为元音开头，缩小选择范围
　　Sample: Husband and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products.
　　(scale, potential, gap, extreme, purchase, situation)
　　充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词
　　(若词库中出现一对近义或反义词，其中一个必定是干扰项.反义词考查学生对文章语境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考点单词是积极还是消极意义，就不难排除.近义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握，需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭配。)
　　Sample：
　　A) gravely　B) respect　C) limited
　　D) specialize　E) seriously　F) promoting
　　G) involves　H) relieved　I) significant
　　J) magnificent　K) range　L) issues
　　M) result　N) determining　O) complicated
　　Today, we take pain______.
　　(此处应用副词做状语，考查近义词辨析.Take sth. seriously为固定搭配)
　　注意一词多性：词库中的词有的既是名词又是动词，有些分词也可以充当形容词，确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词库中的单词词性，不能遗漏。
　　(respect, result, range)
　EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃(degrees centigrade).
　　The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 .
　　EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.
　　Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
　　其选项如下：
　　A) estimate;
　　B) strength;
　　C) deliberately;
　　D) notify;
　　E) tropical;
　　F) phenomenon;
　　G) stable;
　　H) attraction;
　　I) completely;
　　J) destructive;
　　K) starvation;
　　L) bringing;
　　M) exhaustion;
　　N) worth;
　　O) strike
　　解题方法
　　一、辨析词性
　　把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。
　　纵观样题和真题，我们知道15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。
　　辨性要注意下面几点。
　　1.遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数;但应注意动词+ed型的有两种可能性，动词或形容词;遇到名词要确定单数还是复数。
　　2.不认识的单词，看后缀。构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀，往往能大致分出词性。
　　3.词性一时无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必纠缠，影响全局。
　　4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。
　　以真题为例辨词性
　　A) estimate; B) strength;
　　C) deliberately; D) notify;
　　E) tropical; F) phenomenon;
　　G) stable; H) attraction;
　　I) completely; J) destructive
　　K) starvation; L) bringing;
　　M) exhaustion; N) worth;
　　O) Strike
　　名词：B,F,H,K,M
　　(B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀)
　　谓语动词：A,D,O
　　(A的-ate极可能是动词，D的-fy为动词后缀)
　　非谓语动词：L(-ing结尾)
　　形容词：E, G, J
　　(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀)
　　副词：C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)
　　注意：即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，词的性质有时比词义还重要。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的或无法确定的，如N) worth (adj./n.)，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。
　综合解题
　　将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。
　　(一)确定词性，确定选项的选择范围
　　1)关于动词的判断
　　前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 。
　　根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。
　　Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.
　　(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语)
　　55. O strike
　　Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
　　(此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词;且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。)
　　54. A estimate
　　一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
　　The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.
　　(前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。)
　　50. L bringing
　　2)其它词的判断
　　形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词
　　This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
　　47. F phenomenon
　　The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.
　　49. E tropical
　　El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.
　　(前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。)
　　52. J destructive
　　副词修饰形容词或动词
　　…, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词)
　　56. I completely
　　谓语动词前有名词主语
　　This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
　　(happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。)
　　47. F phenomenon
　　介词后面必有名词
　　As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C
　　(在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。)
　　48. B strength
　　(二)句里句外，猜测词义
　　一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰 词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。
　　This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
　　strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么最好的当然是现象。
　　47. F phenomenon
　　二看逻辑：
　　1.句内(状语从句，解释，并列等)
　　As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.
　　此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就上升，当然是风的速度或风力。
　　48. B strength
　　So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
　　空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易选出starvation饥荒.
　　51. K starvation
　　2.前文(指代等、句间连词)
　　This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
　　This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。
　　47. F phenomenon
　　表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。
　　与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。
　　还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。
　　递进：Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/in addition/even/also
　　转折：however/but/rather/instead
　　因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence
　　3.后文
　　El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
　　段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。
　　52. J destructive (dead , damage)
　　三看习惯用法：固定搭配
　　Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
　　53. N worth 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用…worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。
e.g. The fire caused thousands of pounds' worth of damage.
America's most famous woman is the Goddess of Liberty, i. e. the Statue of Liberty. It was first thought of in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Bartoldi. They wanted to 11 liberty and friendship.
　　It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America 12 its centennial. Fund raising and the 13 of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York.
　　Americans were initially 14 for they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind 15 . One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then sold in public.
　　The base and statue, 16 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a 17 standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the 18 utilized in modern aircraft.
　　After a century, the monument began to show signs of getting worse in 19 . Just as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with restoration.
　　A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial.Liberty is still 20 in France and the United States.
　　A. completely
　　B. measures
　　C. popular
　　D. together
　　E. honor
　　F. manufacture
　　G. schedule
　　H. reward
　　I. celebrated
　　J. principles
　　K. embarrassed
　　L. technical
　　M. voluntary
　　N conditions
　　0. discouraged
　　答案：11. E 12. I 13. F 14. K 15. G 16. D 17. L 18. J
　　The Louisiana Purchase
　　On April 30, 1803, the area of the United States approximately doubled. Until that time, United States territory had extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the banks of the Mississippi and from the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River to the thirty-first parallel. The national land now was expanded westward to include practically all of the area between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains and between the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian border. On that day, for fifteen million dollars, the United States purchased from France 875,000 square miles of territory. After Robert R. Livingston, an American who represented President Jefferson in France, signed his name to the treaty, he rose, shook hands with James Monroe and Marbois, the Frenchman representing Napoleon and remarked, "We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our lives. " As we glance backward upon this important event in history, we must agree that the signing of the treaty for the purchase of Louisiana was probably the most important event in Thomas Jefferson's administration. Without the acquisition of this territory, the United States would most probably have not developed into the powerful nation which it is today.
　　What Causes Led to Purchase of the Louisiana Territory
　　Until 1763, Louisiana had been a possession of France, but in that year it was given to Spain to repay an old debt. Twenty years later in Paris, the treaty ending the American Revolution was signed between the United States and Great Britain. One of the terms of this treaty was that the western border of the United States was to stretch to the Mississippi River. Immediately settlers and pioneers crossed westward over the Allegheny Mountains to clear the territory and establish farms. Since roads were scarce and difficult to travel, the products of these farmers had to be shipped on the waterways leading to the Mississippi River and then down this great stream to New Orleans. At this port city, the produce was transferred to larger ocean-going vessels and transported to markets on the Eastern Seaboard or to Europe. However, Spain's ownership of both shores of the river for at least two hundred miles north of New Orleans permitted this foreign nation to control the trade moving on the Mississippi. As a monarchy (君主政体) ，the Spanish government distrusted the rising spirit of democracy in the United States, especially the much freer expression of democracy that existed among the western farmers. This distrust of democracy resulted in the desire of the Spanish to deny the use of the great river to any Americans. The reaction was instantaneous (瞬间的 ) and furious, western farmers raised their voices to protest and the United states sent John Jay to Madrid to discuss this matter. In 1795 this conflict was settled. Spain consented to allow citizens of the United States the right to use the lower Mississippi River and also the "right of deposit" at New Orleans, the right of deposit permitted American farmers, without a duty charge, to remove their products from smaller boats at New Orleans after having navigated down the Mississippi, and then to transfer the agricultural commodities to larger ocean-going vessels.
　　For the succeeding five years this agreement was observed and little conflict existed. On October 1, 1800, however, Spain signed a treaty giving the ownership of the Louisiana territory back to France. The news of this treaty did not reach Jefferson until May of the following year. As soon as he became aware of the change in ownership of the territory, Jefferson realized that this was part of a plan by which Napoleon hoped to establish France as a great power in the New World. Although Napoleon still permitted Spain to remain in control of the port of New Orleans, the future threat to the navigation rights of the western farmers still remained. At any moment, Napoleon might send troops to the "Gateway" and forbid Americans to use it for navigation. This would affect almost forty per cent of the total export trade of the United States. By April 1802 Jefferson's concerns in this matter became even more intense. Napoleon had shipped armed forces to Santo Domingo to suppress the uprising. Once this had been accomplished, the troops were under orders to take possession of Louisiana with its key port city of New Orleans. On the eighteenth of that month the President wrote his now-famous letter to the American Minister to France, Robert R. Livingston.
　　There is one place on the globe, one single spot, the possessor of which is our natural and habitual enemy. It is New Orleans through which the produce of three eighths of our territory must pass to market. . . it seals the union of two nations who in conjunction can maintain exclusive possession of the ocean. From that moment we must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation.
　　Seven months later Jefferson learned that the Spanish officials at New Orleans had suspended(暂不实行) the right of deposit. Immediately western
　　farmers protested. Many demanded immediate action. Others pressed for a declaration of war. The Federalists in the East who opposed Jefferson sided with those who wished to declare war, in order to split the ra