高考英语复习每日一题第8周情态动词have+done含解析.doc

考点 情态动词+have done
高考频度：★★★★★ 难易程度：★★★★☆

1.（2016·浙江卷·单项填空）George _____________ too far. His coffee is still warm.
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
【参考答案】C
2.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You _ have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. should
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：——对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。＂can have done＂表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂；＂could have done＂表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；＂must have done＂表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句；should have done＂的意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做。故选D。
【难点梳理】
一、＂must have done＂
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
二、＂can’t have done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
Mary can’t have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
三、＂can have done＂
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
四、＂could have done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
五、＂may have done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
—What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事？
—I don’t know. He may have got lost. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。
六、＂might have done＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。
七、＂would have done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
I would have told you all about the boy’s story, but you didn’t ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
八、＂should have done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn’t have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他如此严厉的。
九、＂ought to have done＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should have done＂用法基本一样。
I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
十、＂need have done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
I needn’t have bought so much wine — only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。

I. 用＂情态动词+have done＂完成句子
1. —Sorry, Mum! I failed the English exam again.
—Oh, it’s too bad.You __________________ (make) full preparations.
2. I ________________(worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
3. We __________________ (face) the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
4. Tom is feeling uncomfortable. He _____________ (drink) too much at the party last night.
II. 单项填空
1. —Is Mr. Smith in?
—There isn’t any Mr. Smith here. You____________ the wrong number.
A.may have dialed B.might dial C.must have dialed D.could dial
2.My phone __________ have been stolen while I was taking a bus. I can’t find it anywhere.
A.can B.must C.should D.would
3.I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _________ at the meeting.
A.mustn’t have spoken B.shouldn’t have spoken
C.couldn’t have spoken D.couldn’t speak
4.—It was such a difficult examination that a lot of students were unable to finish it on time.
—That’s the case. It’s hard to accept the fact that over 90% of my classmates _________.
A.should fail B.should have failed
C.will fail D.may fail
5. You _____________ so much cash with you, you know — that shop accepted checks.
A.couldn’t have taken B.wouldn’t have taken C.shouldn’t have taken D.needn’t have taken

I. 用＂情态动词+have done＂完成句子
1. should have made 2. needn’t have worried 3. could have faced 4. must have drunk
II. 单项填空

3.C 【解析】考查＂情态动词+have done＂结构的用法。句意：在今天上午的会议上我没有看到她。她不可能在这个会议上发言。当表示对过去事情的猜测、推断时，应用＂情态动词+have done＂结构，
＂couldn’t have done＂意为＂不可能做过某事＂，符合句意。故选C。
4.B 【解析】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：——这是如此难的考试以致于很多学生不能准时完成它。——是这样的。很难接受超过90%的同学竟然没有通过。因为是介绍过去的事情，用情态动词+have done，should have done表示＂过去竟然做了某事＂。故选B。
5. D 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——你本不必带这么多现金在身边。你知道那家商店接受支票。couldn’t have taken过去不可能做了；wouldn’t have taken过去不会做而做了；shouldn’t have taken本不应该做某事而做了；needn’t have taken过去本不必做某事而做了。故选D。
进步，在于总结。我在这，总结在哪儿？
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