初三英语复习教案之名词.doc

专题讲解名词
一、名词：表示人或事物的名称。
专有名词：个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称
China, Beijing, the Yellow River, Saturday, etc.
单数：boy
名词 可数名词: student , job ，book , etc
普通名词 复数：boys
不可数名词: water, coffee, air，chicken，rice etc.
1. 名词单数
可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an ?
以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an. 以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a。
2. 名词复数：可数名词的复数，表示两个或更多的人或物。

一般名词的复数形式：规则变化
一般名词的复数形式以加-s或-es的方式构成:
情况
加法
例词
一般情况
加-s
brothers, sisters, schools ，books
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词
加-es
buses, foxes, watches, dishes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词
变y为i再加-es
lady→ladies ， country→countries
(boys toys ways)
以o结尾的名词多数
加-s
pianos, photos, zoos
少数以o结尾的名词
加-es
heroes, negroes ，tomatoes, potatoes
以f或fe结尾的名词多数
变f或fe为v,再加-es
leaf →leaves ， wife→ wives
knife →knives， wolf→ wolves
例如：desk→ monkey→ box→ wife→
不规则的复数形式（常见）：
man → tooth → foot → woman→
Child → goose → mouse → sheep→
二、单复数词形相同的词：sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese etc
表示某国人的名词：中国人、日本人，复数不需加-s （Chinese, Japanese）
英国人、法国人，要把man变成men （Englishmen, Frenchmen）

速记口诀：男人、女人变一个；鹅、脚、牙齿变两个；小孩后面加三个；中、日、绵羊、
小鹿永不变。
名词所有格：用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
（1） 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's其复数形式是s'，如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：a student's room, students' rooms, Children's Day.
在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用's，如：a twenty minutes' walk.
两个或多个人共有，只在最后一个人的名词后加’s ；若为各自所有则在各个名词后加’s
Tom and Jim’s room，Tom’s and Jim’s rooms
（2） 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构
the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers

二、可以修饰可数名词的词或短语
One/two/three等数词；a lot of, lots of, some, many, a few, a number of+复数名词。
注意事项
（1） people 表示“人，人们”时，是个复数名词，不能在其后加-s，谓语动词用复数形式
family , class 是集合名词，表示家庭/班级等集体时指单数，谓语动词的形式用单数；当表示家庭/班级的成员时指复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
News, maths(math),glass是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
（2） 以复数形式出现的名词。如：glasses,pants,shoes等，他们的量词通常为：a pair of glasses, two pairs of pants, three pairs of shoes等。
（3） 名词做形容词时，一般不用复数形式，如：一位十岁的女孩(a ten-year-old girl),一家鞋铺（a shoe shop）;如果要表示复数，则把名词词组中的最后一个名词变成复数形式，如：三棵苹果树（three apple trees）,这些男学生（these boy students）.
例外：当man/woman做定语的时候与他们所修饰的名词的数相一样，如：两个男老师（two men teachers）三个女医生（three women doctors）
三、不可数名词
不可数名词指物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词等，通常没有复数形式。其前面不用冠词a/an或数词直接修饰，但可用much, some, any, a lot of, a little, little, little, much 等词修饰，还可用冠词/数词+量词/容器+of短语来修饰，如：a piece of bread, two pieces of bread; a glass of water, two glasses of water等。
常用的不可数名词有money food meat fish chicken pork beef drink orange milk tea coke
四、名称的转化

water rice bread homework news paper rain snow wind cloud weather air math Chinese

某些名词后面+y构成形容词表示“充满.......的”
Cloud-cloudy
某些名词后面+ful构成形容词表示“充满.......的”;具有....的性质
Use-usefull
某些名词后面+less构成形容词,表示“没有....的”
Care-careless
某些名词后面+y构成形容词常具有赞美的意味。
Use-useless,
写出下列词的正确形式
复数形式
face—( ) zoo—( ) photo—( ) hero—( ) potato—( ) tomamo—( ) belief—() box—( ) roof—( ) brush—( ) city—( ) key—( ) factory—( ) leaf—( ) thief—( )wolf—( ) rose—( ) woman—( ) mouse—( ) goose—( ) sheep—( ) child—( )
1. pencil-box ___________ 2. wife _______ 3. Sunday ________ 4 city ______
5. dress _______ 6. Englishman ________ 7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________
9. zoo ________ 10. exam________ 11. German __________

翻译
两头鹿 三个中国人 四片面包
一双鞋 Jim和Jane的书（两张表达方法）
五个六岁的学生 这个孩子的一个玩具

2014年全国部分省市中考英语试题汇编：单项选择—名词

【2014黄冈】—What ______ bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large?
—A large bowl of beef noodles, please.
A. color         B. price          C. size        D. kind
【2014连云港】—Nobody knows which learn will win the2014 World Cup in Brazil.
—Yes. That is the        of the beautiful game
A. question   B. luck     C. hope     D. magic
【2014长沙】—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?
             —No, it’s my ______. He left it there just now.
             A. brother     B. brother’s   C. brothers’
【2014河北】I want a sweet milk. Put some ______ in my cup, please. 
A. ice     B. soup   C. salt     D. sugar 
【2014达州】—After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.
             —Why not buy some _______ to drink?
 A. bread          B. noodles         C. apple juice       D. teas
【2014扬州】—What a good _____ _ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.
             —My pleasure.
             A. information    B. news     C. suggestion   D. advice
【2014鄂州】—It’s convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.
             —Yes. It’s said that _______ is en ough.
          A. fifteen minutes drive           B. fifteen-minutes drive
          C. fifteen minute’s drive          D. fifteen minutes’ drive
【2014鄂州】—Do you come to South Korea for the _______ of seeing your family or doing business?
—I come here on business.
 A. interest         B. benefit        C. purpose        D. thought 
【2014黔西南州】_______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _______ teachers. 
                 A. A number of; women          B. A number of; woman    
                 C. The number of; women        D. The number of; woman
【2014黔西南州】Could you please get me some _______? I’m hungry. 
                 A. apple         B. water        C. bread        D. egg 
【2014河南】—You may go to Milan for a free trip.
             —It’s a very kind _______, but I really can’t accept it. 
             A. excuse       B. offer         C. promise        D. decision 
【2014安徽】—More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.
             —That’s true. It has become  the ______ of Anhui.
A. pride   B. effort   C. praise   D. courage
【2014重庆市B】—What’s your favorite ______, Bob?
                 —Cats. They’re so lovely.
A. plant         B. job          C. sport        D. animal
【2014杭州】I am tried. This is not the right ___ to ask me to go for a walk.
A. moment   B. chance       C. place      D. season
【2014宜宾】In this test, we’re asked to write a passage  of about ______.
A. 80-words      B. 80-word    C. 80 words   D. 80 words’
【2014呼和浩特】—How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？
—It is a _______ flight from Tianjin to Changsha.
              A. 2-hour-long  B. 2-hours-long  C. 2 hours’ long  D. 2 hour long
【2014呼和浩特】When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _______.
              A. notice  B. message     C. sentence  D. information
【2014东营】—When is         Day?—It’s on  June 1st, Dave.
A. Child        B. Children       C. Child’s        D. Children’s
【2014东营】What    _will global warming(全球变暖) bring us? Scientists have given us a 
clear list.
            A. news         B. dangers        C. courses        D. advantages
【2014苏州】The park is far away from here indeed it’s about _______ walk
             A. Three hour     B. a three hour’s     C. a three-hours    D. a three-hour
【2014天津】If you wor k harder, you’ll have another______ to play the violin at a concert.
A. sleep        B. chance        C. mistake         D. problem
【2014广州】Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ______.
             A. some rice    B. a few rice   C. a little rices  D. a rice
【2014陕西】—Oh, a nice photo! Is this your uncle’s child?
            —Yes, it’s my        .
             A. cousin         B. sister          C. brother          D. daughter 
【2014甘肃白银】The boy didn’t sleep well last night because of the ______ from the factory.
                 A. voice      B. noise          C. music          D. song 
【2014宁波】—Mum, I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.
—Well, I think there is no ______. It’s almost the same as an iPhone 4s. 
A. reason         B. need          C. answer         D. way
【2014甘肃白银】Mr. Black is a teacher of ______. She and her classmates like him very much.
                 A. my sister    B. my sister’s     C. my sisters       D. my sisters’  

【2014湖州】—Look at the clouds, so beautiful!
            —Wow, so many different ____ horses, sheep, flowers…
            A. sizes           B. shapes        C. colors          D. styles
【2014温州】There are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, no food or drink is allowed inside.
             A. jobs          B. records        C. rules           D. paintings
【2014嘉兴】It is an English _______ to have afternoon tea.
            A. menu          B. drink         C. festival         D. tradition
【2014重庆C】—Lily, could you please pass me the ______? I want to cut the apple.
                 —Sure, here you are.
               A. pen             B. pencil          C. book             D. knife
【2014 丽水】—Betty, pass me the _______. I’ll cut the cake. 
             —OK, Mom. Here you are. 
              A. sugar        B. scarf          C. knife           D. note
【2014绍兴】Our school uniforms are out of _______. We think young people look smart. 
             A. luck         B. sight          C. reach          D. fashion
【2014台州】—The picnic is only in three days. Have you made any _______?
           —Not yet. So let’s discuss what to prepare. 
             A. wishes      B. plans          C. mistakes        D. friends 
【2014泰安】—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
             —Right. It's one of the _______ of my family.
             A. plans         B. jobs        C. programs      D. rules
【2014德州】—Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones as a present, but I don’t know how to use it.
—Why not read the _______ first before usi ng it?
             A. expressions     B. applications     C. advertisements    D. instructions
【2014菏泽】My teacher gave me much ___on how to study English well when I had some trouble.
             A. advice         B. question        C. suggestion       D. problem
【2014聊城】—Excuse me, is the museum far from here?  —No, it’s about _______. 
             A. 5 minutes walk                   B. 5 minute walk   
C. 5 minutes’ walk                   D. 5 minute’s walk
【2014重庆市A】—Lily, could you please pass me the _______? I want to cut the apple.
                 —Sure, here you are.
                 A. pen          B. pencil        C. book          D. knife 

2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（名词）
1.The New York Times is a popular daily _____. （2015德州）
A.dictionary B.magazine C.newspaper D.guidebook
2.There are lots of _____ that students have to follow in school. （2015江西）
A. Exercises B. Problems C. Skills D. rules

3.In 1998, Liu Xiang’s _____ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Jiangping. （2015天津）
A. Ability B. Trade C. Electricity D. memory
4.－How can I get some _____ about the 2016 Olympic Games?
－Why not search the Internet? （2015安徽）
A.information B.experience C.practice D.success
5.The Chinese saying “A tree can’t make a forest” tell us that _____ is very important in a football match.（2015泰安）
A.ability B.decision C.teamwork D.experience
6._____ are planning to go on vacation.（2015克拉玛依）
A. Black’sB. A Black’sC The Black’sD. The Blacks
7.－Would you like some _____ for dinner?－OK. （2015娄底）
A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes
8.－It is said that a college student had a _____ to Tibet with 500 yuan for a month.
－How surprising! Once you have an idea to go somewhere, do it! （2015三亚）
A. Match B. Travel C. change
9.None of them talked. They finished their meal in _____. （2015苏州）
A. Silence B. Order C. Place D. public
10.Annie has a _____, and she is going to see her dentist today. （2015温州）
A. Cold B. Fever C. Cough D. Toothache
11.He has a collection of _____. He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters. （2015武威）
A.stamps B.novels C.instruments D.magazines
12.____ mothers can’t go to the parents’ meeting because they are too busy. （2015武威）
A.Jack’s and Paul B.Jack’s and Paul’s C.Jack and Paul’s D.Jack and Paul
13.－Mum, I have a bad headache. I feel terrible.
－Oh, dear! You must get a cold. You’d better see _____ after breakfast. （2015襄阳）
A.a violinist B.a doctor C.a policeman D.an engineer
14.Dave really likes driving. I think being a _____ is just right for him. （2015重庆A/C卷）
A.doctor B.teacher C.farmer D.driver
15.We have a _____ holiday every National Day. （2015武威）
A.3 days B.3-days C.3-day D.3 day’s
16.It is said that _____ students like to talk with friends online. （2015自贡）
A.two-thirds B.two-three C.two-third
17.The _____ of Chongqing is really hot, but we still like living here. （2015重庆B卷）
A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter
18.Come on, baby. We have already done _____ of the work.
A.two-three B.two-third C.two-third D.second-three