完整高中英语句型归纳.doc

高中英语句型归纳
1. There is no doing 结构。其意为“不可能…”、“无法…”：
There’s no denying the fact. 这一事实不容否认。
There is no getting over the difficulty. 这困难无法克服。
There is no knowing what he will do next. 无法知道他下一步要干什么。
There was no telling when she would be back。没法知道她什么时候回来。
2. There is no difficulty in doing sth结构。意为“做某事没有困难”：
There is no difficulty in finding his office. 找到了他的办公室没费一点劲。
There was no difficulty in carrying out the plan. 执行这项计划没什么困难。
3. There’s no doubt of sth. / dong sth / that … 结构。意为“毫无疑问…”：
There is no doubt of his success. 毫无疑问他一定会成功。
There could be no doubt that he was one of the best writer in this country. 毫无疑问他是这个国家最优秀的作家之一。
4. There is no hurry (to do sth) 句式。其意为“不用急(于做某事)”：
There’s no hurry to return the book. 现在不急于还书。
There’s no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully. 不用赶时间，要慢慢细心地做。
5.There’s no need ( for sb. ) to do sth. …结构。其意为“不需要或不必要…”：
There is no need for help. 不需要帮助。
There is no need for you to go. 你没有必要去。
8. There is no sense in doing sth 结构。意为“做某事没有道理或好处”：
There’s no sense in criticizing him. 批评他也没有用。
There’s no sense in waiting three hours. 等三小时是不没有道理的。
9. There’s no point in doing sth 句式。意为“做某事没有用”：
There’s no point (in) telling her about is. 告诉她没有用。
There’s no point in wasting time. 耗时间没用。
【注】以上有的结构中的no根据情况也可换成其他限定词：
There is some difficulty in doing sth意为“做某事有些困难”。
There is much difficulty in doing sth意为“做某事许多困难”。
There’s a need for…意为“需要或有必要…”。
10  prefer
 (1) prefer to do sth                          例：I prefer to stay at home.  
 (2) prefer doing sth                          例：I prefer playing in defence.  
 (3) prefer sb to do sth                       例：Would you prefer me to stay?
 (4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth  ……宁愿…...而不愿.…".
 例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth         例：I prefer watching football to playing it. 
(6) prefer sth to sth                         例：I prefer tea to coffee.   我要茶不要咖啡。
11. seem
 (1) It +seems + that从句                  例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied. 
(2) It seems to sb that ---                  例：It seems to me that she is right.  
 (3) There seems to be ----                 例：There seems to be a heavy rain.  
 (4) It seems as if ----                        例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
12. 表示“相差……；增加了……；增加到……”句型：
 (1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸
 (2) There is one year between us. 我们之间相差一岁。
 (3)  She is three years old than I  她比我大三岁。
 (4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他们把价格上涨了50%
13.too句型：
 (1) too．．．to do sth．                 例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians．
                                （＝Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians．）
 (2)  can't … too +形容词     无论……也不为过
 例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
14. 倍数句型：
 (1)倍数＋比较级＋than．．．，
例：The room is twice larger than that one．
There is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.
 (2)倍数＋as＋原级＋as．．．，例：The room is three times as large as that one．
 (3)倍数＋the size ／height／length ／weight ／width of．．．
例：The room is three times the size of that one．
15. 感叹句型：
 (1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!
例：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!　
 (2) How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！）
例：How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
 (3) How + S + V!
例句：How I want to go to Beijing.
16.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to完成时，表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情．
should have done =ought to have done  本应该做而没做
would have done = 本来就会去做某事而没做
could have done = 本可以做某事而没做
might have done  本可以做而没做
例：They ought to have apologized.   他们本该道歉的。
 (1) must have done sth 一定做过某事          否定形式：can't / couldn’t have done
例：She must have come here last night.           She can't have gone there 
(2) may have done sth  可能做过某事     否定形式：may not have done
例：Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
 (3) might have done sth 或许做过某事 否定形式: might not have done
例：She might have known what the bottle contained.
 (4) should have done sth 估计已经做了某事   否定形式：should not have done
例：She should have arrived in her office by now.
17.动词不定式常用句型：
 (1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.
例句：It took me years of hard work to speak good English.
 (2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth
例： It was careless of Tom to break the cup.
 (3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……别无选择.
例句：We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.
 (4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.
例：lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most important thing in life.  
 (5) …形容词／副词＋enough to do sth．
例：I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa.．
 (6) It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。） 
例句：It pays to help others.　　
 (7) It cost sb some time/money to do sth
例：It must cost a good deal to live here.住这儿一定会花很多钱的。
 (8) do all he could to do sth                             do what he could to do sth   
do everything he could to do sth
例：They were doing everything they could to help the fatherland.
 (9) It is hard to imagine/ say …   很难想象/说……
例：It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day. 
    It's hard to say whether the plan is practical.
18. 动名词常用句型：
 (1)  ...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth.  (有困难做某事)
例：People from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.
(2) upon/on doing sth, 一……就……
例：Upon / On hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn't say a word.
(3) There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
例：There is no difficulty in solving this social problem.
(4) There is no need/use harm/hurry in doing sth
例：There is no need in sending such expensive present.
(5) spend some time/money (in) doing sth
例：They say children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work.
(6) It's no use / good/ worth doing sth
例：It’s no use talking with him. He won’t listen to you.
(7) It's a waste of time/money/energy doing
例：It's a waste of time watching TV programme as this.
19.not --- until 句型
 (1) 陈述句 not --- until --- 直到……才
例：Last night I didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock.
 (2) 强调句  It wasn't until…that... 直到……才…….
例：It wasn't until yesterday that I got your letter.
 (3) 倒装句 Not until...did... 直到……才……. 
例：Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
20 since 句型：
 (1) Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
　　        自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
 (2) It is +   --- + since   S +持续性谓语动词（表否定）
例：It is three years since she lived here. 她已三年不住这儿了。
 (3) It is / has been + --- + since S + 瞬间谓语动词（表肯定）
例：It is years since I stopped smoking）．我戒烟已经数年了。
21 让步状语从句：
 (1) Adj./n./adv. + as/ though+ Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
 (2) No matter what等特殊疑问词...   …无论什么…….
例句：No matter what happens, I'll always stand by you.
 (3) However + adj/adv + S + V,  尽管……
例：You won't be able to do it alone, however much you try.
不论你多努力，你一个人也做不来。
 (4) whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever + S + V，无论什么/哪里……
例：Wherever I am， I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
 (5) whether  … or not
例：Whether you like it  or not, you'll have to do it.
 (6) even if/though
例：Even if/Even though the exercise is very difficult, you must do it.
22.条件状语从句
句型20、When / So long as / As long as / Once +从句，＋主句。（从句也可以放在主句之后。）如：
As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。
Once you have begun to learn English, you should learn it well.
一旦你开始学习英语，你应该把它学好。
22表示最高级的句型：

 (1) Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V                 Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
 (2) no one (nobody, nothing)+so/as+原级＋as
例：Nobody is so blind as those who will not see.没有人像那些视而不见的人如此的瞎了。
 (3) 比较级＋than+any other +名词单数（同一范围内）
比较级＋than +anything(anyone)else
比较级＋than + any of the others
例：Bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world.
 (4) 否定词 +比较级
例：It can’t be worse.  这是最糟的                      I can’t agree any more.我非常同意。
 (5) be the last ----（ 最不想。。。）
例：This is the last thing I want to do. 这是我最不想干的事。
23. more --- than 句型：
 (1) more --- than  与其……不如……
例：He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.
 (2) more than  超过；不仅仅是；非常
例：These flags are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together.  
(3) not more than  最多，不超过
例：They finished the project in not more than one year.
 (4) no more than  仅仅
例：The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
其他重点结构
1.
 (1) 祈使句+and + 陈述句(表肯定）
例：Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. )
他会得寸进尺的。
(2) 祈使句+ or/otherwise +陈述句 (表否定）
例：Start at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train.  (= If you don’t start at once, …)  
 (= Unless you start at once, you’ll miss the train.)
2. I would appreciate it if... 如果……,我会非常感激.
I would appreciate it if you call me back this evening. 如果你晚上给我回电话,我会非常感激.
3.If it is possible, ... 可能的话…….
1) If it is possible, I'd like to see you tomorrow. 若可能,我想明天见你.
2) If it is possible, lend me your car tonight. 若可能,今晚把你的车借给我.
Is it possible to... …有可能吗
Is it possible to exchange the milk shake for the ice cream
可以把奶昔换成雪糕吗 [milkshake:奶昔]
3. Last but not least, ...…最后但同样重要的是…….
Last but not least, I'd love to thank all my teachers and friends.
最后但同样重要的是,我要感谢我所有的老师和朋友. [经典演讲句型].
4.As soon as / Immediately / Directly / Instantly / The moment / The instant / The minute +从句，＋主句. 如：
My father went out immediately I got home.我一到家，我父亲就出去了。
1，How +形容词+ a +名词+　陈述语序　
2，How+形容词或副词+　陈述语序　
3What +名词+　陈述语序　
4，What+a+形容词+名词+　陈述语序　
5，What+ 形容词+复数名词+　陈述语序　
6，What+ 形容词+不可数名词+　陈述语序　

具体说来，表达强烈情绪（喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等）的句子叫做感叹句。　
强烈情绪的表达通常有下列三种方式：　
（a）使用感叹词；
（b）只用情绪感觉的语词，例如：　Water! Water! Quick!　（水！水！快！——如救火或救人时。）　
　　　　What taste!　（这是什么味道啊！——如吃到怪味时）　
（c）使用“How…!”或“What（a）…!”的句式，例如：　
　　　　How beautiful you are, Helen!　（海伦，你是多么美！）　
　　　　What a beautiful flower it is!　（这一朵花多么美！）　
　　　　本句式的主语动词也可以省去以突显情绪的强烈感，例如：　
　　　　How cruel（they are）!　（真是惨绝人寰！——如听到绑票的撕票案等。）　
　　　　How beautiful （these flowers are ）!　（这些花多美啊！）　
（d）使用简短的陈述句配合音调也可以表达感叹，例如：　
　　　　You are kidding!　（你在开玩笑！——表示惊讶）　
　　　　I love you　（我爱你！——表示喜欢）　
　　　　I hate you!　（我恨你！——表示愤怒或绝望）
一、用 what 引导的感叹句有三种句式，此时， what 为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组。

　　1. What +a / an + 形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！例如：

　　What a fine day it is！ （多么好的天气啊！）

　　What an old building that is！ （那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊！）

　　2. What + 形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！例如：

　　What good teachers they are！ （他们是多么好的老师啊！）

　　What beautiful flowers these are！ （这些是多么美丽的花啊！）

　　3. What + 形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！例如：

　　What thick ice we are having here！ （我们这儿的冰多厚啊！）

　　What round bread it is！ （这是一块多么圆的面包啊！）

　　二、用 how 开头的感叹句也有三种句式，此时， how 是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。

　　4. How ＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！例如：

　　How hot it is today！ （今天天气多热啊！）

　　How beautiful the flowers are！ （这些花多么美丽啊！）

　　5. How ＋副词＋主语＋谓语！例如：

　　How hard he works！ （他工作多么努力啊！）

　　How well she sings！ （她歌唱得多好啊！）

　　6. How + 主语＋谓语！例如：

　　How she dances！ （她跳舞跳得多好啊！）

　　注意： what 和 how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。例如：

　　How cold （ it is ） ！ What a good girl！ What delicious fish

It句型及练习
含 it 的句型几乎年年高考考到，现根据其用法特点可归纳为下列句型。
1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
It was in the street that I met her father.
2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain…) that …
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句，常译为 “ 清楚（显然，真的，肯定……）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree. 　　
= That he's round and tall like a tree is very clear.
4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well. 　　
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
5. It is said (reported, learned…) that …
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“ 据说（据报道，据悉……）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing. 　　
It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit
6. It is suggested ( ordered, required ... ) that ...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为“ 据建议；有命令……）”。
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 　
It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...
该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上真是遗憾！ 　
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
8. It is time ( about time , high time ) that ...
该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时侯……”。
It is time that children should go to bed. 　　
= It is time that children went to bed.
9. It / This is the first ( second … ) time (that) …
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换，常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。
It is the first time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been here.
10 It is … since ...
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
11. It is ... when ...
该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”。
It was 5 o'clock when he came here.
12. It be ... before ...
该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……过了多久之后就 / 才……”。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will be not long before he finishes his job.
13. It happens that...
该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen是不及物动词．
It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧…… 　
14. It takes sb. … to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 　　
15. It is n