高考英语新增分大一轮复习渐进写作全辑StepOne第6讲言简意赅的非谓语动词讲义牛津译林版.doc

第6讲 言简意赅的非谓语动词
在写作中，如果出现太多的简单句，会让人觉得单调乏味，水平不高；而如果出现太多的复合句会让人觉得读起来费劲。所以适当地使用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不但显得句式丰富，而且提升了文章的档次。
一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句
运用非谓语动词转换简单句可采用“三步法”。
第一步：写出两个简单句。
(1)I felt quite sorry for that.
(2)I began to think about what to do to help.
第二步：根据两个简单句的意思找出两个句子的对接点，让一个简单句作为主句，另一个简单句用非谓语动词进行改写。
让句(2)作为主句，用非谓语动词改写句(1)。
第三步：根据主句主语和动词之间的关系来确定用何种非谓语动词。
主句的主语是I，与动词felt之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
Feeling quite sorry for that，I began to think about what to do to help.
即时训练1　用非谓语动词转换简单句
1.Consequently，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.It led to a slower growth.
(2017·江苏)
→Consequently，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas，leading to a slower growth.
2.The exhibition will be held in the City Museum.It is located in the north of our city.
(2017·全国Ⅱ)
→The exhibition will be held in the City Museum，located in the north of our city.
3.We’ll have a big feast together.We gather around the table and pray for next year’s good luck.
→We’ll have a big feast together，gathering around the table and praying for next year’s good
 luck.

二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句
相对于用非谓语动词转换简单句，转换复合句要简单一些，只需要两步。因为需要转换的一般是从句部分，只需根据主句的主语和从句动词的关系判断用何种非谓语动词，再确定好时态和语态就可以了。
第一步：写出复合句
Since you have realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，you与realize之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。
Having realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
即时训练2　用非谓语动词转换复合句
1.We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to select books.
→To have more time to select books，we can set out early.
2.John was absorbed in painting，so he didn’t notice evening approaching.
→Absorbed in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.
3.When I saw a car running towards her，I reached my hand out and pulled her back.
→Seeing a car running towards her，I reached my hand out and pulled her back.

三、非谓语动词的常用句型
1.remain to be done有待于被……
It remains to be seen whether this plan will benefit the students or not.
这个计划是否对学生们有好处，还需要拭目以待。
2.疑问词＋to do
To all of you，fresh students，how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.对你们所有新生来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。
3.be easy/difficult...to do...做……容易/困难……
I hear that our new teacher is easy to get along with.
我听说我们的新老师很容易相处。
4.prefer to do...rather than do.../would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...宁愿做……，而不愿做……
Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈，也不愿与父母面对面谈话。
5.连词when/while/once/unless/although...＋doing/done
While visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artists’ works.
参观艺术展时，我们讨论了伟大的艺术家的作品。(2016·天津)
6.having done...已经……
Having spent nearly all our money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
几乎把所有的钱都花完了，我们没有钱住宾馆了。
7.by doing...通过做……
Moreover，by doing the part-time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.
而且，通过做兼职工作，我能获得一些宝贵的经验，以便能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。
8.only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的结果)
They hurried to the classroom，only to find that all the students had left.
他们匆忙赶到教室，却发现所有学生都离开了。
9.judging by/from...根据……判断
Judging from what he said，we could tell that he was not an honest man.
根据他说的话，我们可以判断他不是一个诚实的人。
pared with/to...与……比较
There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.
有明显的证据表明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。
11.be said/reported/considered...to do...据说/报道/认为……
Their class is said to have been chosen to take part in the coming ceremony.
据说他们班已经被选中参加即将到来的典礼。
12.非谓语动词在独立主格结构中的使用
Much time spent sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
坐办公室的人花大量时间坐在桌旁，常被健康问题所困扰。
13.with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Our Chinese teacher came into the classroom，with some books in her hand.
我们的语文老师进了教室，手里拿着一些书。
即时训练3　用非谓语动词完成句子
1.与传统的相比，它们有三个新的独特功能。
Compared to/with the traditional ones，they have three new unique functions.
2.完成了她的项目后，她应学校邀请给新生演讲。
Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.
3.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
He was listening attentively in class，with his eyes fixed on the blackboard.

四、在写作中使用非谓语动词时的常见错误
1.现在分词和过去分词误用

2.“be＋adj.＋to do”结构的误用

3.逻辑主语使用不当

4.不定式符号to使用不当

综合演练
Ⅰ.用非谓语动词完成句子
1.我很荣幸被邀请到这里来发言。
I think it a great honor to be invited here to speak.
2.饭菜上来后，先让长辈品尝，因为在中国长者很受尊重。(2018·全国Ⅰ)
The seniors are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.
3.得知我们图书馆要买书，我想给一些建议。
Knowing that our library is going to buy books，I’d like to give some suggestions.
4.我们坐在一起吃月饼和水果，分享我们的故事。
We sit together and eat mooncakes and fruit，sharing our stories.
5.这部电影将在星期天下午放映，从4点到6点持续两个小时。(2018·全国Ⅱ)
The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon，lasting 2 hours，from 4:00 to 6:00.
6.坦率地讲，在不同文化里拿学位，绝不是一件容易的事。(2018·北京)
To be frank，studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy.
7.这所大学因专为留学生设置的语言与文化课程而著名。(2018·北京)
The university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.
8.班长生病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
The monitor being ill，we’d better put the meeting off.

Ⅱ.根据以下内容要点写一篇短文，尽可能多地使用非谓语动词
假定你叫李华，是英才中学的学生会主席，你校将接待一批来自英国的学生到你校学习汉语。Mike发邮件询问你校的基本情况，请你给Mike回复邮件，内容要点如下：
1.学校介绍；
2.师资情况；
3学生情况。
参考范文
Dear Mike，
I’m Li Hua，the Chairman of the Students’ Union of Yingcai Middle School.Welcome to our school to learn Chinese.Let me tell you something about our school briefly.
Our school，a key middle school with a history of more than 100 years，is located in a famous historical and cultural town.Consisting of two campuses，this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4,000 students and teachers.The beautiful school，well-known for its excellent teachers，is also well equipped with modern facilities.With talented graduates entering famous universities every year，the school enjoys a good reputation.Wish you an enjoyable trip here!
Looking forward to your coming!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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