七年级英语(上册)知识点总结.doc

.
七年级上册知识点总结

Starter Unit 1 Good morning!
重点单词：
Good, morning, hi, hello, afternoon, evening, how, are, you, I, am, fine, thanks, Ok, thank
重点句型和语法：
一、见面问候语
1 -Good morning! -Good morning!
-Good afternoon! -Good afternoon!
-Good evening! -Good evening!
-Good night! -Good night! 一天中的问候语
2 -How are you ? 好友重逢
-I’m fine, thanks. / Fine, thank you. /I’m OK, thank you very much. And you?
-I’m fine, too. Thanks.
3 -How do you do? 初次见面
- How do you do?
4 -Hello/Hi!
-Hello/Hi! Hello较正式但一般不对长辈说
二、 Be动词的用法
Be动词的一般现在时有三种：
1 I与第一人称I)连用；is与第三人称（他he,她she,它it）和其他单数名词连用；are与人称复数（第一人称we,第二人称you,第三人称they）和复数名词连用。
即：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are, is跟着他(he)她(she)它(it)；
单数名词用is
复数名词全用are
三、 大写字母的用法：
1 句子开头要大写（首字母）How are you?
2 文章标题要大写（虚词除外）；Good morning!
3 节日、月份、星期几（专有名词）；New Year’s Day, May, Monday
4 报纸、杂志和书籍；China Daily, Jane
5 职业、头衔和称谓；Doctor Wang, President Wen, Uncle Wang
6 I 和OK要大写；
7 缩略词语要大写。MBA, CCTV

Starter Unit 2 What’s this in English?
重点单词和短语：
What, is, this, in, English, map, cup, ruler, pen, orange, jacket, key, quilt, it, a, that, spell, please, in English, an orange, a key, a ruler, a map, a quilt
重点句型和语法：
一、what引导的特殊疑问句
1 -What’s this in English？
-It’s a map/ruler/pen/jacket/key/quilt/an orange.
-How do you spell it? /Spell it, please. Can you spell it?
-M-A-P/……
What colour is it?/ What’s your name?……
二、不定冠词a/an的用法：
1 表示数量“一”（微弱的）；a book
2 不具体说的某人或某物；a Mr Wang
3 泛指某一类人或物；a cat
4 某一类人或物中的任何一个； There is an elephant in the zoo.
5 首次提到的人或物； This is a ky.
6 用于抽象名词前，使抽象名词具体化； It’s a pleasure to talk with you.
7 某些固定搭配中：have a look, take a walk, have a good time.
a用于以辅音因素开头的单数可数名词之前，an用于以元音因素开头的单数可数名词之前。
三、this,that指示代词的用法
This: “这个，这”指近处或距离说话人较近的人或物。
That: “哪个，那”指远处或距离说话人较远的人或物。

Starter Unit 3 What colour is it?
重点单词：
Colour, red, yellow, green, blue, black, white, purple, brown, the, now, see, can, say, my, what colour
重点句型和语法：
一、重点句型:
1 -Good morning!
-Good morning!
-What’s this in English？/What’s this? /What’s that?
-It’s a map/ruler/pen/jacket/key/quilt/an orange.
-How do you spell it? /Spell it, please. Can you spell it?
-M-A-P/……
-What colour is it?
-It’s red/blue/yellow……
2 -What colour are the rooms?
-They are……
3 The ruler is blue.
二、 定冠词the的用法：
The表示特指的人、物或群体， 作用相当于this, that, these, those.特指说话双方都知道的人、物或上文已提到的人、物。
1 表示某个（些）特定的人或事物； Give me the book.
2 特指说话双方都知道的人或事物； Where is the book?
3 指上文提到过的人或事物；This is a pen, the pen is black.
4 用在世界上独一无二的事物前；the sun, the earth, the moon, the world
5 和某些形容词连用，表示一类人；the old, the young, the wound
6 在方位名词前；in the east/west/north/south
7 西洋乐器前； play the piano/violin/guitar……
8 由普通名词组成的专有名词前；the Great Wall, the Summer Palace
9 某些固定搭配：in the morning/afternoon/evening

Unit 1 My name’s Gina
重点单词或短语：
Name, nice, to, meet, too, your, Mrs. , his, and, her, yes, she, he, no, not, zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, telephone, number, phone, friend, China, last, middle, school, first, telephone/phone number, last name, family name, given name, first name, middle school, in China
重点句型或语法：
一、重点句型
1 -Hi, my name is Gina.
-I’m Jenny.
-Nice to meet you.
-Nice to meet you, too.
2 -Hello! What’s your name?
-My name is……/I’m……
3 -What’s his/her/name? (last name, family name, first name, given name)
-His/Her (last name, family name, first name, given name)name is……
/He/She is ……
4 -Are you Gina?
-Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.
5 -Is he/she ……
-Yes, he/she is. / No, he/she isn’t.
6 -What’s your/her/his telephone number?
/What number is your/her/his telephone?
-It’s 585-0886/……
二、it的用法
it是代词，“它”，是第三人称的单数形式。
1 指代前面已提到的事物；What’s this? It’s a dog.
2 指代陌生或不熟悉的人；Who is behind the door? It may be Jim.
3 表示时间、距离、天气等；What time is it? It’s funny.
三、 数词的用法
基数词: 表示“多少”的数词。One,two,three,four,five,sixseven,eight,nine
序数词: 表示“第几”的数词。first
1 表示数字、年龄、日期；
How old are you? I’m ten. What’s the date today? It’s October 3. What’s four and one?
2 表示编号；class one, unit one,lesson one
3 表示号码，如电话号码、门牌号、身份证；
4 表示时刻； 8:00
四、 形容词性物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，是人称代词的属格形式。分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。有人称和数的变化。本单元主讲形容词性物主代词。
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词表
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词型
名词型
I
me
my
mine
myself
you
you
your
yours
yourself
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
Unit 2 This is my sister
重点单词：
Sister, mother, father, parent, brother, grandfather, grandmother, grandparent, family, those, who, these, they, well, have, day, bye, son, cousin, grandpa, mom, aunt, grandma, uncle, dad, here, daughter, photo, of, next, picture, girl, dog
重点句型：
1 -This/That is my sister/brother/father/mother/son/…… 单数
-These/those are my sisters/brothers/…… 复数
2 -Who is he/she ? 单数
-He/She is my mom/my dad/my brother/my sister/my grandma/grandpa……
3 -Who are these/those? 复数
-They are my my sisters/brothers/……
4 -Is he/she your sister? 单数
-Yes,he/she is. /No, he/she isn’t.
5 -Are these/those your sisters? 复数
-Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
6 Tom: Jhon, this is my sister, Mike. Mike, this is my friend.
Jhon: Nice to meet you!
Mike: Nice to meet you, too.
语法：
一、 指示代词：this, that, these, those
单数： this: “这个，这”指近处或距离说话人较近的人或物。
that: “那个，那”指远处或距离说话人较远的人或物。
复数： these: “这些”指近处或距离说话人较近的人或物。
those: “那些”指远处或距离说话人较远的人或物。
二、将单数形式的句子变为复数形式的句子
1 指示代词的变化：this→these, that→those
2 人称代词的变化：I→we; you不变；he/she/it→they
3 be动词的变化：am/is→are
4 可数名词的变化：
单数变复数的规则变化
(1) 一般情况下在词尾加-s；
(2) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es；
(3) 以o结尾的加-s或-es;
-s: photos/radios/pianos/zoos/bamboos/kilos
-es: tomatoes/potatoes/……
(4) 以f或fe结尾的变f/fe→v+es, （屋顶roofs,信念beliefs,首领chiefs除外。）
knife→knives shelf→shelves
(5) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变y→i+es
不规则变化：
(1) 单复数同形： sheep绵羊，deer鹿，means手段
(2) 变元音：man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
(3) 变词尾：child→children, ox→oxen, mouse→mice
(4) 只有复数的名词：congratulations, clothes, glasses, surroundings, goods, shorts, thanks, trousers, wishes
(5) 单复数意思不一致：glass玻璃，glasses眼镜；water水，waters水域；people人民，peoples民族；force力量，forces部队；arm胳膊，arms武器；……
三、 人称代词的用法：he,she,it,I,they,we,you
1 与be动词的搭配：I→am, he/she/it→is, you/we/they→are
2 独立作主语时习惯用宾格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them
-I like bananas.-Me too.
3 并列作主语的顺序：
单数：你you,她she/他he,我I 二三一
复数：我们we,你们you,他们they 一二三

Unit 3 Is this your pencil?
重点单词：
Pencil, book, eraser, box, schoolbag, dictionary, his, mine, hers, excuse, me, thank, teacher, about, yours, for, help, welcome, baseball, watch, computer, game, card, notebook, ring, bag, in, library, ask, find, some, classroom, e-mail, at, call, lost, must, set
重点句型：
1 -Is this/that your book?
-Yes, it is. It’s mine. -Thank you for your help. -You’re welcome.
-No, it isn’t. It’s his/hers.
2 -Is this/that his/her book?
-Yes, it is. It’s his/hers
-No, it isn’t. It’s mine.
3 -Are these/those your books?
-Yes, they are. They are mine.
-No, they aren’t. They are his/hers.
4 -Are these/those your pencils?
-No, they are Bob’s/Mary’s.
5 -What about this dictionary?
What about=how about “如何，好吗，怎么样”，用于征求对方意见。
What about/how about a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样？
6 call sb at+电话号码；sb must do sth; thank sb for sth
语法：
一、 将含有be动词的陈述句转换为一般疑问句
将be动词（am,is are）提到句首并大写首字母，句末用问号，第一、二人称互换，some，any互换。
二、 含有be动词的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be(am,is,are)
否定回答：No, 主语+be(am,is,are) not. 缩写：I’m not/he isn’t/they aren’t
三、名词性物主代词：Page 5
Unit 4 Where is my schoolbag?
重点单词：
Where, table, bed, bookcase, sofa, chair, on under, come, desk, think, room, their, hat, yeah, know, radio, clock, tape, player, model, plane, tidy, but, our, everywhere, always, tape player, model plane, be tidy in our rooms, have a clock, on her bed, on the sofa, under your bed, in your schoolbag, come on, on your head
重点句型：
1 -Where is my schoolbag?
-It’s on the desk/under the bed/in the room.
2 -Where are my schoolbags?
-They are on the desk/under the bed/in the room.
3-Is the ……in/on/under the……？
-Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.
4 -Are the ……in/on/under the……？
-Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t.
语法：
一、 方位介词：on, in, under
通常回答where引导的特殊疑问句。
1 on“在……上面”，强调一物再另一物的表面上。On the wall, on the desk, on the floor, on the bed……
2 in“在……里”
(1) 表方位：“在……里、中(上)”
In the tree “在树上” 表树上外来的事物
On the tree“在树上”表树上长出来的东西
(2) 表示图片或报纸上的内容：in the picture, in the newspaper
(3) 表时间：早中晚，年、月、年代、世纪
In the morning/afternoon/evening, in 2008, in 21 century, in 1990’s
(4) 表地点：城市、乡村、国家
In Beijing, in Shanghai
(5) 用某种语言：in English
(6) 用原材料：in red
(7) 表示穿着、戴着：the girl in blue is a student.
3 under“在……下”在某物的正下方。
二、人称代词作主语时，将含有实义动词的陈述句变为一般疑问句及其肯定回答和否定回答，否定句。
1 当主语是人称代词的复数时，变疑问句在句首加Do,句末用问号，第一、二人称互换，some，any互换。变否定句在实义动词前加don’t, some, any互换。
疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do.
疑问句的否定回答：No, 主语+don’t.
2 当主语是人称代词的单数时，变疑问句在句首加Does,句末用问号，第一、二人称互换，some，any互换。变否定句在实义动词前加doesn’t, some, any互换。
疑问句的肯定回答：Yes,主语+does.
疑问句的否定回答：No,主语+doesn’t.

Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?
重点单词：
Do, have, tennis, ball, ping-pong, bat, soccer, volleyball, basketball, hey, let, us, go, we, late, get, great, play, sound, interesting, boring, fun, difficult, relaxing, watch, same, love, with, sport, them, only, like, easy, after, class, classmate, soccer ball, ping-pong bat, play volleyball, play sports
重点句型：
1 -Do you/they have a soccer?
-Yes, I/they do. /No, I/they do.
2 -Does he/she have a soccer?
-Yes, he/she does. /No, he/she doesn’t.
3 I/they don’t have a soccer.
4 He/She doesn’t have a soccer. He/She has a soccer.
语法：
一、人称代词的宾格：Page 5
二、一般现在时态中have的用法
1 have的主语是名词复数、第一二人称单复数和第三人称复数；has是第三人称的单数形式，主语是不可数名词、可数名词的单数、第三人称的单数。
2 have/has作谓语时的句型转换
(1) 否定句式： 主语+don’t/doesn’t +have
(2) 一般疑问句式：Do/Does +主语+have……？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do/does
否定回答：No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t.
(3) have之后的名词有some修饰时，变疑问句和否定句时改为any.
(4) have/has当“有”讲时与there be的区别
Have/has: 与主语是所属关系，强调某人“拥有、占有”某物；
There be: “客观存在”，强调客观存在的事实，是there引起的倒装句。
(5) have的其他含义：“吃、喝”或其他
Have breakfast, have a look, have a part

Unit 6 Do you like bananas?
重点单词：
Bananas, hamburger, tomato, ice-cream, salad, strawberry, pear, milk, bread, birthday, dinner, week, food, sure, burger, vegetable, fruit, right, apple, then, egg, carrot, rice, chicken, so, breakfast, lunch, star, eat, well, habit, health, really, question, want, be fat, think about, how about, sports star, volleyball star, eating habits, for breakfast, for dinner, after dinner.
重点句型：
1 -Do you/they like bananas?
-Yes, I/they do. /No, I/they do.
2 -Does he/she like bananas?
-Yes, he/she does. /No, he/she doesn’t.
3 -He/She likes……
He/She doesn’t like……
4 -What do you/they like for……？
-I like……for……
5 He/She likes……,but he/she doesn’t like……
语法：
一、like的用法
1 like sb/sth“喜欢某人、某物” I like bananas.
2 like to do sth“喜欢做某事”
3 like doing sth“喜欢做某事”
二、 well与good
1 well adj 位于联系动词之后，表达“健康的”。I’m very well.
adv 修饰动词。 We play football well.
2 good：adj, 作名词的前置定语，连系动词的表语。She is a good girl.
三、it的用法
I think it’s healthy.
1 人称代词，指代上文中已提到或刚刚提到的单数事物，以避免重复。
2 用于指代时间、天气、日期、距离、价值、温度等。
3 用作形式主语，代替动词不定式位于句首，而真正的主语是动词不定式，避免句子头重脚轻。It’s easy for me to play basketball.
四、 与三餐有关的短语
At breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper 在吃早、午、晚餐
Have breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper吃早、午、晚餐
Have sth for breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper 早、午、晚餐吃某物
五、 可数名词与不可数名词
1可数名词：可以计数的名词
(1) 分类 单数可数名词：单个人或事物
复数可数名词：两个或多个人或事物
(2) 名词复数的规则变化
①一般在词尾加-s。 Books, pens
②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的在词尾加-es。Classes, watches
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y→i+es。families.
④以f,fe结尾的变f,fe→v+es。Knives, wives
屋顶roofs,信念beliefs,首领chiefs除外。
⑤以o结尾的加-s或-es;
-s: photos/radios/pianos/zoos/bamboos/kilos
-es: tomatoes/potatoes/……
(3)不规则变化：
①单复数同形： sheep绵羊，deer鹿，means手段
②变元音：man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
③变词尾：child→children, ox→oxen, mouse→mice
④只有复数的名词：congratulations, clothes, glasses, surroundings, goods, shorts, thanks, trousers, wishes
⑤单复数意思不一致：glass玻璃，glasses眼镜；water水，waters水域；people人民，peoples民族；force力量，forces部队；arm胳膊，arms武器；……
即有些词既可以作可数名词也可以做不可数名词，但意思不一致。
2不可数名词
不能直接用数词来表示数量，如物质名词、抽象名词。没有复数形式。如果要表示数量必须借助其他词。如，“计量单位+of”。
用法：
(1) 没有复数形式
(2) 作主语时谓语动词用单数
(3) 其前不用不定冠词a/an
(4) 其前不用基数词
(5) 表数量用“计量单位词+of”。
(6) 可用some, any, much来修饰。
Would you like some bread?

Unit 7 How much are these socks?
重点单词：
Much, sock, T-shirt, sweater, trousers, shoe, skirt, dollar, big, small, short, long, woman, need, look, pair, take, ten, Mr., clothes, store, buy, sale, sell, all. Very, price, boy, buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
重点句型：
1 -How much is this T-shirt?
-It’s……dollars/yuan
-I will take it
-Here you are.
-Thank you.
-You’re welcome.
2 How much are……？
-They’re……dollars/yuan
-I will take them
-Here you are.
-Thank you.
-You’re welcome.
3 -Can I help you?
-Yes, please. I need……
-What colour do you want?
-Blue.
4 -Come and buy your clothes at…….We sell……at very good price. We have……for……. Come to……now.
语法：
一、 how much与how many的区别
1 how much
(1) 提问物品的价格：“多少钱”=what’s the price of……
(2) 提问不可数名词的数量。How much milk do you drink everyday?
2 how many
提问可数名词的数量:“多少”。How many apples do you have everyday?
二、 Can I help you?的用法
是服务员招呼顾客的常用语。May I help you?=What can I do for you?=Is there anything I can do for you?
肯定回答：Thank you, I want……/Yes, please. I’d like……
否定回答：No, thanks. I’m just looking around./ Just have a look.
can’t help doing sth情不自禁做……
三、 one与it的区别
两者均可作代词， 代替上文出现过的名词。
1 one: 指代“同名异物”，即指代与前面事物同属一类的事物。同类事物中的“一个”用one “一些”用ones。
2 it 指代“同名同物”，即上文出现过的同一事物。
四、 here you are句型在不同情景的含义
1 “给你”：向别人借东西或购物时
2 “终于找到了”：寻物时，自己发现时。
3 “你到站了”：乘车到站时，司机或售票员会说。
五、 基数词
基数词，表示数目或数量的多少。
1 基数词的表达
(1) one到twelve逐一记忆。
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
(2) thirteen到nineteen，在个尾数后加后缀-teen, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen除外。
(3) Twenty到ninety表示“几十”，在个尾数后加后缀-ty。Twenty, thirty, forty, fifty,eighty除外。
(4) 21~29至91~99，表示“几十几”，在“整十-个位数”。Twenty-one
(5) One hundred/a hundred“一百”，200~900用“具体数字+hundred”
2 基数词的用法
(1) 表示年龄，基数词+years old
(2) 表述数量，位于名词之前。Three books
(3) 表示顺序、编号。Class one
(4) 用来计算。Two and three is five.

Unit 8 When is your birthday?
重点单词：
When, month, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, happy, old, part, first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, test, trip, art, festival, dear, student, thing, term, busy, time, there, happy birthday, how old, English test, school trip, Sports Day, art festival, Children’s Day, Women’s Day, in January, basketball game, see you, have a good time, have a birthday part
重点句型：
1 -When is your birthday?
-My birthday is on June 5th/1st/2nd/3rd.
或It’s on June 5th/1st/2nd/3rd.
2 -When is his/her birthday?
-His/Her birthday is on June 5th/1st/2nd/3rd.
或It’s on June 5th/1st/2nd/3rd.
3 -When is Amy’s/father’s/Mike’s birthday?
-Amy’s/father’s/Mike’s birthday is on June 5th/1st/2nd/3rd.
或It’s on June 5th/1st/2nd/3rd.
4 -When is Children