小学英语毕业考知识点语法总汇.doc

小学英语语法及习题
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot____ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are+其它。如:
I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它。如:
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如: Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't +动词原形(+其它。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be some water in the bottle.
11. Mike ___like cooking.
12. They _______(have the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do your homework well.
15. I _______(be ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have eight lessons this term.
20.-What day _______(be it today?
-It’s Saturday.
三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句
______________________________________________2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答
______________________________________________3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答
______________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句
____________________________________________6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句
______________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问
______________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问
______________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答
______________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句
______________________________________________
三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( drawa picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( singin the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do now?
5. Look . They _______________( have an English lesson .
6.They ____________not ,water the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We_____________(havesupper now
10.______Helen____________(wash clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、将来时
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…,soon, the day after tomorrow(后天等。
二、基本结构:①be going to + do;
②will+ do.
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have
a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首some改为any, and改为or,第一二
人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1.问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going
to bed?
六、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习:
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _____ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I
_______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4.你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?
如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I ________ (do my homework every evening.
2. Mary __________ (read English yesterday morning.
3. There _________ (be no one here a moment ago(刚才.
4. I ___________ (call Mike this morning.
5. We _______ (fly kites in the park on Sunday s.
6. My mother ________ (clean our room last Sunday.
7. Tom _______(play the piano every Saturday. Now he______________ (play.
8. My mother ________________ (not do housework yesterday.
9. She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch TV last night.
10.________ your father ________ ( go to work every day last year?
11.--What time _______ you _______ (get to Beijing yesterday?
--We __________ (get to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.
12. Last year the teacher ___________ (tell us that the earth moves around the sun.
13. There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be
14. There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be
15. There _____________( be not any hospitals in my hometown (家乡 in 1940.
16. There ____________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there?
17. –When _______ you _________ (come to china? Last year.
18. Did she ________ (have supper at home?
19. Jack ____________ (not clean the room just now.
20 _________ (be it cold in your city yesterday?
21. How many people ________ (be there in your class last term?
22. It ________ (be hot yesterday and most children _______ (be outside.
23. There ________ (be a football match on TV yesterday evening, but
I _________ (have no time to watch it.
24 I _________ (have an exciting party last weekend.
25. _________ she _________(practice her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
26. What ________ Tom ________ (do on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch TV and __________(read an interesting book.
27. They all _________(go to the mountains yesterday morning.
28. She _________(not visit her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay at home and _________(do some cleaning. .
29. ________ Mr. Li __________(do the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.
30. How _________(be Jim's weekend? It _________(be not bad.
31. ________ (be your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.
32. She _______(like swimming. She ______________ (swim this weekend.
33 Usually my mother _______ (wash the dishes after lunch. But my grandma_______________ (wash today.
34 Look at the man! He __________ (read a magazine.
35. Look! The plane ____________ (fly over the building.
36. Listen! My aunt ________ (sing in the room.She is a singer. She _____ (like singing. She ____ ___(have a music show next month. She
is excited.
37. Tom and Mike always ______ (swim in the river. They _____ (swim in the swimming pool this Sunday. Look! They ______ (swim.
38. What ______ you usually ______ (do in the evening? I _______ (play computer games.
39. What _______ you _______ (do now? I _______ (make a paper plane.
40. What _______ he _______ (do now? He ______________ (dance.
41. What _______ she ______ (do yesterday? She _________ (visit her grandparents.
42. ______ your mother ______ (read newspaper in the morning? Yes, She ________ .
43. _______ you _______ (like fishing? No, I ______ . I like ______ (swim,but my brother ______ (like.
44. How ______ your father _______ (go to work every day?
He ______ (go by bike. But it’s cold today. He ______ (take the No.21 bus,, and he _______ (go to work by taxi yesterday.
45. _______ the monkey _______ (like climbing trees? Yes, it _______ .
46. What _______ your father ______ (do after lunch? He _______ (read
a comic book. What _____ he _______(do today? He _______ (clean the kitchen for my grandma. Look! He (clean.
47. ________ you ______ (collect stamps? Yes. I _______ .
________ your brother ______ (collect, too? No, he ________ .
选择正确答案,将其序号填入题前括号内。(12分
(11.I usually get up ______ seven o’clock in the morning.
A .at B. on C. of
(12.-- ______ is the coat?
--Thirty-five yuan, please.
A .How B. How much C. How old
(13.--Where are your glasses?
-- I can’t find them, they ______ here just now.
A .are B. was C. were
(14. The brown cat is as ______ as the black cat.
A .fat B. fatter C. thinner
(15.-- Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the Garden Cinema? -- Let me see. You can ______ bus No. 5.
A .by B. take C. go
(16. --Are there any students in the classroom?
-- Yes, there ______ students in the classroom.
A .any B. some C. a
(17.--Hello, is that Liu Tao?
--Yes, ______.
A .I am B. it is C. speaking
(18.David is playing ______ basketball in the playground.
A .a B. the C. \
(19.I have two storybooks, but Helen ______ four.
A .has B. have C. had
(20. This is not my purse. ______ is over there.
A. My
B. Mine
C. I
(21.--What’s the capital(首都of the UK?
A. London
B. New York
C. Paris
(22.--When is the Teachers’ day in China
-- It’s on _____.
A. September 10
B. December 25
C. October 31
学说正确英语三、根据所给语境,选择适当的答案,将其序号填入题前括号内。(8分
(23.当别人对你说“Your English is very nice!”,你可以说:
A. Of course.
B. Not at all.
C. Thank you.
(24.当你上学迟到时,你可以这样对老师说
A.It doesn’t matter.
B. I’m sorry, I’m late.
B. C. That’s all right.
(25 当别人对你说“Would you like to my birthday party?”你可以说:
A. Sure.
B. Good night.
C. No.
(26.当别人对你说“What date is it today?”,你可以说:
C. A. Today is Monday. B. It’s my birthday.
C. It’s August 6.
(27. 当别人对你说“What’s your job?”你可以说:
A. I’m Kate.
B. I’m a doctor.
C. I’m Li Ming’s mother. (28.当别人对你说“Let’s go skating!”,你不想去可以说:
A. Sorry, I can’t.
B.OK, let’s go.
C. That’s a good idea. (29.当你的朋友说“I’ve got a bad cough.”,你可以说:
A. How are you?
B. I’m sorry to hear that.
C. How do you do? (30. 开学后,老师第一次见到同学们,会说:
A. What’s your name?
B. Welcome back to school, boys and girls.
C. Good bye boys and girls.