初中英语语法——感叹句讲解练习和答案.doc

感叹句
感叹句的六种句式
一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的，它有两个类型，六种句式。
1.用 what 引导的感叹句有三种句式，此时，what 为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组（即感叹部分是名词性短语）。
1）. What +a / an + 形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
e.g.: What a fine day it is！ 多么好的天气啊！（辅音音素前用a）
What an old building that is！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊（元音音素前用an）
2）. What + 形容词＋可数名词复数形式＋主语＋谓语！
eg.: What good teachers they are！ 他们是多么好的老师啊！
What beautiful flowers these are！ 这些是多么美丽的花啊！
3). What + 形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
e.g.: What thick ice we are having here！ 我们这儿的冰多厚啊！
What round bread it is！ 这是一块多么圆的面包啊！

2.用 how 开头的感叹句也有三种句式，此时， how 是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。
4). How ＋形容词＋主语＋谓语！ （即谓语动词是连系动词）
e.g.: How hot it is today！ 今天天气多热啊！ How beautiful the flowers are！ 这些花多么美丽啊！
5). How ＋副词＋主语＋谓语！
e.g.: How hard he works！ 他工作多么努力啊！ How well she sings！ 她歌唱得多好啊！
6). How + 主语＋谓语！（即谓语动词是行为动词） e.g.: How she dances！ 她跳舞跳得多好啊！

★注意： what 和 how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。　
e.g. How cold （ it is ） ！ What a good girl！ What delicious fish！

（三）陈述句变感叹句全解
如何确定使用what还是使用how？
一般可以这样来确定：位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what，是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + N
e.g.: What a cool bike you are riding!（a cool bike 名词短语）
How fast he is riding!（fast 副词）
How cool a bike you are riding!（how + adj. + a/ an +N）

如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词？
名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词，以元音音素开头的词语之前用an，以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。
e.g.: What beautiful sunshine it is today!（sunshine 不可数名词）
What a useful book this is!（useful 以辅音音素开头）
What an old house that is!（old 以元音音素开头）

口诀
名词之前用what，形副之前how先行。
复数名词无冠词，事先分析莫轻心。
如果名词不可数，摒弃a, an不留情。
冠词a, an要分明，清音辅音是标准。

练习 一、选择题
1. _______ girl she is!
A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright
2. _______ weather we have today!
A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine
3. ________ careless he is!
A. What B. How C. So much D. How much
4. ________ from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
5. Oh, John, _________ you gave us!
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
6. ___________ useful work they have done!
A. What B. How C. What a D. What an
7. __________ nice picture you gave me!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
8. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.
A. What an, a B. what, a C. How an, the D. How; the
9. – An earthquake hit Indonesia yesterday. -- terrible news!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
10. –Dad, do you like my picture? -- ! It’s the nicest one I’ve ever seen!
A. What a strong boy B. How careful C. How wonderful D. What a brave boy
11. —Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist (相扑手). —Wow, !
A. How a fat man B. What a fat man C. How fat man D. What fat man
12. What it is!
A. nice day B. nice weather C. a nice weather
13. Mrs Smith is!
A. How kind woman B. What a kind woman C. What kind woman D. How a kind woman

二. 把下列句子改为感叹句：用what与 how填空
1. His handwriting is good. → _____________ good his handwriting is!
2. These photos are nice →______________ nice these photos are!
3. Betty sings well. → ____ ____ well Betty sings!
4. They are working hard. →__________hard they are working!
5. Jenny was very disappointed when she saw this.
→______________disappointed Jenny was when she saw this.
6. It is a wonderful concert →____________a wonderful concert it is!
7. They looked worried. → __________ worried they looked!
8. The young man speaks English well. →____________well the young man speaks English!
9. They are beautiful flowers. →_____________ beautiful flowers they are!
10. It is a difficult problem. →____________a difficult problem it is !

三、 把下列的句子改为感叹句。
⒈ A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture. B: ______________________________________________
⒉ A: Mr. Wang is a busy man. B: ______________________________________________
⒊ A: The cat is very happy. B: ____________________
⒋ A: The tractor is going very slowly. B: _______________________________________________
⒌ A: He is very lucky. B: _______________________________________________
⒍ A: It is a wet day today. B: _______________________________________________
⒎ A: They started early. B: _______________________________________________
⒏ A: They waited a long time. B: _______________________________________________
⒐ A: He is wearing a large shirt. B: ______________________________________________
⒑ A: The dolphin is playing happily. B: _____________________________

答案 一1—5：CDBDC 6—10：ACBDC 11—15：BBB
二1. How. 2. How. 3. How 4. How 5. How 6. What 7. How 8. How 9. What 10. What

三、把下列句子改为感叹句：
⒈ What a beautiful picture Jill is drawing!/ How beautiful a picture Jill is drawing!
       ⒉ What a busy man Mr Wang is!/ How busy a man Mr Wang is !
       ⒊ How happy the cat is!/ What a happy cat it is!    ⒋ How slowly the tractor is going!
⒌ How lucky he is! ⒍ What a wet day it is today!/ How wet a day it is today!  
⒎ How early they started!       ⒏ What a long time they waited  
⒐ What a large shirt he is wearing!/ How large a shirt he is wearing!  ⒑ How happily the dolphin is playing!

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