天津外研版八年级英语首字母填空含答案.doc

复习专项——首字母填空

首字母填空做题技巧及精讲精练
总体准则
语法基础扎实 熟练运用十大词类
把握全文主旨大意 语境练习 上下文关联把握
准确判断句型结构 准确迅速判断空格处所缺的词性包括词义
准确掌握固定搭配 以及重点句式句型
对初中阶段重点单词活学活用
 此种题型属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示. 要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，而且要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量。

首字母考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词以及连词和介词这几大词类。
u 略读全文 掌握大意
短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。
u 再读全文，理清脉络
    通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系，用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。
u 仔细推敲，确保准确
    词义判断正确了不等于答题正确，同学们还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性。有的学生经过思考确定了一个意思正确的词作为答案，但忽略了从语法角度再进行验证，因而出现了一些与时态、人称等有关的词形变化的错误。如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语态。
u 注意：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。如bought易误答成buy；lights易误答成light；reaches易误答成reach; heavier易误答成heavy等。 因此，在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确保用词准确
u 复读全文，全面检查
答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分。
例题详解
Dogs are good pets. They are very f  1   to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c  2   and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s  3   arrives.
    When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its  s  4  ——buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y  5   is larger. Many people don’t know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a  6   anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food  m  7   for dogs in shops. Don’t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l  8   water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s  9  .
    Remember that dogs need e  10  . You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day.
经典例题详解：
1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养，主要是因为它们比较通人性，且对人很友好，能给人们带来欢乐。根据“be very f  1   to people”来分析，此空应填一个形容词，表明狗对人的态度。friend是名词，friendly是形容词，故friendly是正确答案。
    2. children. 宠物狗自然是在家中养， 它们除了听主人的话以外，与家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。由于是指大多数家庭的情况，并受their一词的提示，此处应填“孩子”的复数形式，即children。
    3. stranger. 狗的天性是护家。文中的watch-dogs意为“看家狗”，专门指有生人来时发出叫喊的狗。“生人”在英文中即为stranger。
    4. size. 这个空略微有点难。一是size一词平时用得较少，二是一般家庭都养小型犬，供狗活动的空间一般不成问题，因此，对狗的体积问题考虑的较少。从后面的句子来看，此处是在谈狗的体积的问题——“如果你的家小，就买一只小狗；如果你的家大，就买一只大狗。”
    5. yours. 这是一个名词性物主代词，代替上半句的your home。此句完整的说法应是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 为避免词的重复使用，在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词。
6.almost 程度副词，有点难度，几乎狗吃任何东西。
7.made .过去分词做后置定语。一定要会分析句子成分，弄清楚横线部分缺少什么词性做什么句子成分，这点很重要。
8.leave. 留点水 。放点水准备给它喝。
9.summer.语境推敲，一般常识了解狗夏天爱热，要多喝水。
10.exercise 语境上下文联系，狗需要做运动的。后边这句话就是提示。

练习一
阅读短文，根据首字母提示填空，每空一词。（10’）

     Most American families are smaller than the families in o  81   countries. Most American families e   82    have one or two children.
C   83    in the US will leave their parents' home when they grow up. They usually live far f    84    their parents because they want to find good jobs. They often w   85    to their parents or telephone them. And they often go to visit their parents on h   86    .
    Parents usually let their children choose their o   87    jobs. Americans think it important for young people to decide on their lives by themselves.
Children are asked to do some work around their house. And in many families, children are paid (付钱)for d   88    some housework so that they learn how to make money for their own use.
Do you often help y   89    parents do housework? Do you want to live with your parents w   90    you grow up ?

练习二. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。（10’）
 Lofton is a little village （村庄）in England. It is not f__81___ from the city of Manchester. Not many families l__82___ around the village, so the people all know each o__83___. Most of them are friendly and helpful.
    Though their homes are in Lofton, many people have jobs in Manchester. S__84__ work in large factories there. A few work in shops o___85___ offices. Most of these people go to work by train. It usually t__86_ _ about half an hour to go from Lofton to Manchester.
    In the evening a lot of people like watching TV. But if they go to see a film or go to a concert (音乐会), they have to go to Manchester, because there are n___87___ cinemas in Lofton.
    Like many other villages near towns or cities, it is clean and quiet. So life in Lofton may not be so e___88____ as the life in the b___89___ cities, but it can be just as interesting. That is w__90__ people in Lofton love their village.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

练习三. 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。（10’）
     One day I found a little girl sitting in the park sadly. Lots of people passed by but never s  81     to see why she looked so sad. As I got closer I saw that her b  82     had a strange shape. That’s a hump (驼背)! Perhaps that was the r  83  why people just passed by and make no effort to help. I sat down beside her and said, “Hello!” Then she, in a low voice, said, “Hi.” I smiled and she smiled b  84   , shyly. Then we talked there u  85     it got dark. I asked the girl why she was so sad. She looked at me and said with a sad face, “Because of the hump.”
    “But, you make me t  86    of an angel (天使), sweet and friendly,” I said. She looked at me and asked “Really?” I said, “Yes, I think you are an angel and you come here to watch over all those people walking by.” When she h  87   this, the little girl jumped up. “I am! I’m an angel!” I was happy because she was no sad any m  88  .
    After that, my life also changed. I learned how to s  89   both happiness and sadness with others. I believe now we give something to others in the s  90   way we get the same.
练习四
     There was a big earthquake under the India Ocean Area o  81    December 26th 2004 and it    c  82    a large tsunami. Tsunamis are great sea waves produced especially by an earthquake.
    That morning my classmates and I went to the seaside and had breakfast when we h  83     a loud noise like bombs. People in the sea ran w   84   to the bank and s   85    , ‘Water is coming!’ Someone told us to run to a higher place. We ran as q  86     as we could.
    Since we did not know what happened, we were very f  87   . We looked back and saw a t  88    picture. The water waves were so strong that cars  were made to fall upside down and the flood w  89    away everything on the seaside .
    We were safe but the n   90   of victims was over 140,000. People call the day ‘Black Sunday’.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

练习五
    Man has a big brain. He can think and s  76    languages. Scientists once thought that man isn’t the same as animals b   77   man can think and learn. They know now that dogs, monkeys and birds can learn, too.
    They are beginning to u   78    that men are different from animals because they can speak. Animals can’t speak. They make much n    79   when they are afraid, or unhappy. Apes(猿) can learn some things more quickly than man. One or two of them have learned a few words. But they cannot join words to make s  80  . They cannot think l   81   us because they have no language. Language is a wonderful thing. Man has been a   82   to build a modern world because he has language. Every child can speak his own language very w  83   when he is four or five, b   84    no animals learn to speak.
    How do children learn it? Scientists don’t really know w   85    happens inside our body when we speak. They only know that man can speak because he has a brain.  
  练习六
     Fourteen –year-old girl Du Bingzi was walking towards her home .S  67  , a man stopped her and shouted, “Give me your money!”
    Du’s hands were c   68  by the man .But in one quick movement , she took back her arms and started to scream for attention. The man ran away without getting any of her money.
Du is a student from Beijing No.25 Middle School . Her teacher Chen Han has started giving his students an  u  69   lesson: self-protection. Luckily, Du had just learned how to escape from an a  70  ，a person who plans to hurt someone.
    The school has taught self–protection for four years. During this time, about 5,000 students have learned to how to protect t  71  .
    According to a new survey, students’  s  72   has become a big problem. Nearly 50% students say they are worried about r  73   on the way to and from school.
This school is not the only one to care about students’ safety. Many other schools in China also have lessons  l  74   this.
    Student Ma Xiang said, “I learn how to save lives and most such courses tell students how to avoid (避免)  d  75   situations.” Students practice what to do if they are attacked by a bad person.
    They are taught how to save lives if someone is hurt. They also learn how to work  t  76  and build team-spirit.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

提素能 能力提升篇之习题精练
No.1 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，并将完整单词写在对应题号的横线上。
A man had two sons. They were twins. They were b__1__ at almost the same time and looked quite alike. But in one important way, they were very d__2___.
One of them was an optimist(乐观主义者), while the o__3___ was a pessimist(悲观主义者). The man was worried about his sons. There are good and bad things in one's life. He didn't want his sons to be too pessimistic or too optimistic. He told his best friend Johnson about this p__4____.
Johnson was a man of many ideas. Then he asked, “W__5___ is their next birthday?"
The father replied,” It’s on Wednesday. They will be twelve years old.” “Excellent,” Johnson said. "Here's what you should do. Give your pessimistic son a really w__6___ present. Give your optimistic son a really poor present. That will work!"
The father did as his friend told him. On Wednesday morning, the two boys got their birthday p__7___. The pessimist looked at his first. It was a very expensive gold watch, but he was not pleased with it. He said, "I don't l__8___ this very much. I am sure it won't keep good time. It will always be fast or s__9___ and it will probably break easily. Then I have to s__10___ lots of money getting it repaired. "Then the optimist looked at his present. He was really pleased. “Look! Dad has given me shoelaces(鞋带),” he said. He held up the shoelaces and said, "I can use it when I have new shoes.”
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

No.2 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，并将完整单词写在对应题号的横线上。
Trees are useful to men in three important ways: They p 1 them with wood and other products, they give them shade, and they help to p 2 drought and floods.
Unfortunately（不幸运地）, in many p 3 of the world, men don’t know that the third of these is the most important. In their eagerness（渴望） of making m 4 from trees, some people cut trees down in large n 5 . And besides, they are usually too c 6 to plant and look after new trees, so the forests slowly b 7 smaller and smaller.
This does not only mean that men will have fewer trees. The results are e 8 more serious: For where there are trees, their roots(根) prevent the rain from washing away the soil, but there are no trees, the rain falls on hard g 9 and flows away, causing f 10 and carrying away the rich top-soil（地表土）. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing remains（剩下） but death.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

No.3 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，并将完整单词写在对应题号的横线上。
A 10-year-old school boy named Bian Jinyang, has made himself well-known by w 1 stories like Harry Potter’s.
Bian Jinyang, Junior 1 student has written two books Shi guang Mo qi and Qin ren Bu luo. The first book has sold m_ 2__ than 120,000 copies in China and a third one, Tou zhong Jiao qing, will come out soon.
Just like the Harry Potter stories, Bian’s stories are a 3 magic. But they do not take place in a magic school. They may h 4 in any corner of the world. Or even in outer s 5 In Qinren Buluo, Emperor Qin Shihuang sends 1, 000 boys and girls t__6 _ Japan, but aliens(太空人) take them to a 7 planet. Then a kid tries to take them b 8 to Earth.
“People say I don’t have experience in life because I’m young.” He said, “They are r 9 . But just because of that I can write stories like these, I can think about things that adults can’t think of!”
Now a company in the US has p 10 Bian ＄150,000 for the right(权力) to put his first book in English in America.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

No.4 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，并将完整单词写在对应题号的横线上。
Not long ago, I made up my mind to read a lot of books to get more knowledge. So I went to the library and r__1___ happily with several books. But after a few days, I felt impatient (不耐烦). The idea of finishing reading all of them s 2 impossible, because I always found it h__3 to calm d___4___ to read a whole book. I didn't know what to do with it. Then suddenly one day I thought of "Why not make reading f 5 ?" It gave me hope again. Reading is a journey of spirit (精神). Every time we read a book, we are actually talking with the w__6 . I tried to put all my effort (努力) into his or her books, so I could f__7__ all of his or her happiness and suffering (痛苦). Now books have become a part of my life.
See? Attitude (态度) can make a great d__8 . Someone once said, "Even though the situation is bad, people still have one freedom to show their attitude.” So, don't complain (抱怨) about study o__9___ work. It helps nothing. Try to see things from a different way. Believe me; this will c___10____ the situation and help you a lot.
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

No.5 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，并将完整单词写在对应题号的横线上。
We are beautiful red-crowned cranes. We have red caps on top of our heads. You may t__1___ the caps are our feathers. In fact, they are combs (冠). We are one of the l__2___ birds in size in the world. We are the heaviest cranes. An adult red-crowned crane can w___3____ up to 11 kilograms. We are good at dancing. I think we are the most beautiful dancers of all the birds. We are also good s___4___. We sing loudly and beautifully. We are good at flying as well, we fly to warm East Asia (亚洲) when s___5___ comes. We give birth to baby cranes there. We like to live together on wetlands in Southwest China and some other places.
We f___6___ o