高考阅读理解长难句分析.doc

高考 · 阅读理解 | 7道题让你学会分析长难句，阅读理解满分必备！
在阅读理解题中经常会出现长难句，而对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读成绩。因此，学会分析长难句是阅读提分的关键。具体该怎么做呢？
今天为大家分享七道例题，来帮助同学们学会分析长难句！

01
For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.
句式翻译
例如，进入青春期的男孩子可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。
句式分析
本句是一个含有so引导表示结果的复合句，同时又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。
词语点拨
① likely adj. 可能的
常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能……

He’s very likely to send me an email tonight.=It’s very likely that he’ll send me an email tonight.
很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。

② make sense 有意义；讲得通
make sense of 理解

I can’t follow these instructions — they don’tmake sense.
我不理解这些指示——根本讲不通嘛。
We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it.
我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它在说什么。

③ appeal to 吸引
appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人做某事；求助于

Blue and red appeal to me, but I don’t like gray or yellow.
我喜欢蓝色和红色, 但不喜欢灰色和黄色。
Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him.
杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。
We can appeal to the website for the information we need.
我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。
语法点拨
本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。如：

China is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国比亚洲任何其他国家都大。
China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何国家都大。

02
The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.
句式翻译
年轻人越多接触经济问题、越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。
句式
分析
本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adults。
词语点拨
① expose vt.揭露；使暴露
be exposed to 暴露于；接触

We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.
我们一定要向报社揭露这种无耻行径。
We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas.
我们应该让孩子们接触新思想。

② manage v.设法对付；管理
manage to do 设法做成...

We need people who are good at managing.
我们需要擅长管理的人。
He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.
他设法把游客及时送到机场。
语法点拨
“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。如：

The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.
我们越多聚会, 我们就会越快乐。

03
She found that kids praised for“trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being“smart”.
句式翻译
她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。
句式分析
本句含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。
词语点拨
take on 承担；呈现
He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他一向乐于挑重担。
The chameleon can take on the colour of its background.
变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。
语法点拨
当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级。比较级的构成：形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较成分，意思是：“更……些”或“较……”。

In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge.
一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。

04
He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry.
句式翻译
他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。
句式分析
本句含有一个after引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。
词语点拨
gain vt.（经过努力）获得，取得
We gain knowledge by practicing again and again.
我们从反复训练中获取知识。
They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university.
他们意识到，仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。
语法点拨
过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。

如：His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift hehad long expected.
当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
12岁时，爱迪生就已经开始自己谋生了。

05
By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
句式翻译
到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
句式分析
本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。
词语点拨
suitable adj.合适的，适当的
构成短语：be suitable for 适合……

They don’t think this article is suitable for publication.
他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。
John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.
约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。
语法点拨
将来完成时的构成：will have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：

He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

06
In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.
句式翻译
在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。
句式分析
本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。
词语点拨
① celebrate vt.庆祝
The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks.
全城放焰火来庆祝新年。

② affect vt.影响，感动
I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.
我坚定地告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。
The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.
在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。
语法点拨
将来完成时, 具体用法见第5句。

07
One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.
句式翻译
历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。
句式分析
本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。
词语点拨
attempt v./n.尝试，试图
William attempted to find the solution to the problem.
威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。
He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.
他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。
语法点拨
过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：

What was he writing all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在写什么？
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。