高一英语必修三短语归纳.doc

高一英语必修3短语句型归纳
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
1. award sb. for… 某人因……而得奖
= sb. be awarded for…
The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work. 学校因玛丽出色的工作而给她颁奖。
2. admire sb. for sth. 因为某事儿钦佩（或羡慕）某人
Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor. 人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。
3. be meant to do sth. 被认为应做某事
（尤指根据职责或命令、吩咐等做某事）
We are meant to write our names at the top of the paper. 我们应该把名字写在试卷的上方。
4. take place 发生
（无被动形式，常指经过安排的事情）
The interview is well planned and it is to take place on time. 采访计划周密，会按时进行的。
5. in memory of… 为了纪念……

We sang the song in memory of the dead. 我们唱歌以纪念故去的人们
6. dress up 穿上盛装；乔装打扮

She likes to dress up for a party. 她喜欢打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加晚会。
be
get
dressed in… 穿着……的衣服

7.
The bride was dressed in white. 新娘穿一身白色的礼服。
8.
look forward to +
sth.
doing sth.

“盼望……”

We look forward to the return of spring. 我们期待着春天的到来。
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我在盼望你的尽快来信。
9. have fun with sb. 与某人一起嬉戏，找乐子

Having nothing to do, they had fun with the cat. 他们无事可干，耍猫取乐。
10. have fun 玩得开心

The kids are having fun. 孩子们正玩得开心呢。
11. in/ for fun 开玩笑地，非认真地

He is learning French for/ in fun. 他学法语只是好玩。
12. make a fool of oneself 出丑，出洋相

He’s always afraid of making a fool of himself. 他总是怕出洋相。
13. make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人
Are you trying to make a fool of me? 你想愚弄我吗？
14. ask permission of sb. 请求某人的许可

Ask permission of your father. 请求你父亲的允许吧。
15. without permission 未经许可

We can’t take photos here without permission. 未经许可，我们不能在此照相。
as if/ though +
were/ did…（与现在相反）
would do…（与过去相反）
had done…（与将来相反）
16.

“好像……”

He acts as though he didn’t know anything about it. 他表现得好像他对这件事一点儿也不知道似的。
She talks about it again and again as though she would never end. 她反复谈论那件事，好像永远谈不完的样子。
He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。
17. apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
= make an apology to sb. for sth.

You should apologize to your teacher for coming late. 你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉。
The captain made an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by the bad weather. 船长因为糟糕的天气而导致的延误向乘客们道歉。
18. It is obvious that… 显然……

It is obvious that he is a brave man. 很明显他是一个很勇敢的人。
forgive +
sb. sth. ①
sb. for (doing) sth. ②

19.

① 原谅某人某事
② 原谅某人（做）某事
We willingly forgive him his faults. 我们愿意宽恕他的过错。
Please forgive me for interrupting you. 请原谅我打岔。
20. keep one’s word 守信用，履行承诺

You can’t take her promise seriously: she never keeps her word. 她答应的事不必当真，她从来说话不算数。

21. turn up
1）出现，露面

2）提高

We invited her to dinner but she didn’t even bother to turn up. 我们请她吃饭她都不露面。I can’t hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit? 收音机我听不太清楚，你把声音开大点行吗？
22. break one’s word 失信，食言

Never trust a man who breaks his word easily. 不要相信一个常常食言的人。
23. hold one’s breath （因激动、害怕等）屏住呼吸
How long can you hold your breath under the water? 在水下，你能屏息多长时间？
24. out of breath 上气不接下气

Having just taken a long walk, he is out of breath. 刚刚进行了长距离的散步，他气喘吁吁的。
25. take a deep breath 深呼吸
= breathe deeply
If you feel nervous, please take a deep breath. 如果你感到紧张，请深呼吸。
26. set off
1）动身，出发 (+ for…)
= set out (for…)
2）引爆；燃放
3）引起
We set off at dawn. 我们黎明时动身了。
My father will set off for Shanghai tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我爸爸将动身前往上海。
Boys like setting off fireworks. 男孩喜欢放烟花。
That joke set off laughter. 那笑话引起哄堂大笑。
27. remind +
sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
sb. that…提醒某人……

Please remind him of the appointment with me.
请提醒他别忘了和我约会。
Please remind me to call him back.
请提醒我给他回个电话。
Remind her that it is dangerous to go out alone at night in this city. 提醒她在这个城市里夜间一个人外出是很危险的。
Unit 2 Healthy eating
1.
be
go
on a diet 控制饮食，节食

He is on a diet to loose weight. 他正在节食以减肥。
2. put sb. on a diet 使某人节食

The doctor put me on a very strict diet. 医生严格限制我的饮食。
3. out of curiosity 出于好奇
satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心

Just to satisfy my curiosity/ out of curiosity, how much did you pay for your car? 我只是出于好奇，请问你买这辆车花了多少钱？
4. be curious about sth. 对……感到好奇

They were very curious about the people living upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。
5. at a discount 打折扣

They were selling everything at a discount. 他们销售的所有商品都打折。
give
allow
make
a discount (on) 打折扣

a discount (on) 打折扣
give
allow
make

6.

Do you give any discount if I buy a whole case of wine? 如果我买一整箱酒你们打折吗？
7. lose weight 减肥，减轻体重
Put on/ gain weight 体重增加
The best way to lose weight is to exercise more. 减肥最好的方法是多运动。
8. get away with （做坏事）不受惩罚；
偷携某物潜逃，偷走

He was lucky to get away with only a fine. 他算万幸，只被罚款了事。
Thieves got away with computer equipment worth $30,000. 盗贼偷走了价值3万美元的项链。
9. win… back 赢回；重新获得

How can I win back her trust? 我怎样才能重新赢得她的信任？
The party is struggling to win back voters. 这个政党正尽力把选民争取回来。
10. have sb. doing sth. 允许、容忍某人做某事
常用于否定句中）
He cannot have his daughter arriving home late. 他不能容忍女儿晚回家。
11. consult (with) sb. (about/ on sth.) （就某事）与某人商量
I consulted with a friend on a matter. 我和朋友商量一件事。
spy
on sb.
on/ into sth.
暗中监视；侦查

12.

I’m sure my neighbours spy on me. 我肯定邻居暗中监视我。
It’s wrong to spy into people’s affairs. 刺探他人的私事是错误的。
beyond
over
the limit 超过限度
13.
It is beyond the limit of my ability. 这超出了我的能力。
14. limit sth. to sth. 把……限定在……的范围内

I’ve limited myself to 1,000 calories a day to lose weight. 为了减肥，我限定自己每天摄入1000卡的热量。
15. be of (much, great) benefit to sb. 对某人有益处
= be beneficial to sb.
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health. 据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大好处。

16. A benefit B 甲对乙有好处
= B benefit froom A

This is an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run. 这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远来看，它将对公司有好处。
These small businesses have benefited greatly from the fall in interest rates. 这些小企业因利率下降而得到了很大的好处。
combine A
B
with
and
“把A与B结合起来”
17.
The new teaching method combines education with pleasure. 这种新的教学方法寓教育与娱乐之中。
make
earn
a/ one’s living (by…)
18.

（靠……）谋生
He did all sorts of jobs to earn/ make his living. 为了谋生，他干了好多不同的工作。

19. in debt 欠债
out of debt 不欠债

She was in debt when she was poor, but has been out of debt since she got rich. 以前穷的时候她欠了债，可自从富了以后就没欠债了。
Out of debt, out of danger. 【谚】无债一身轻。
20. cut down
1) 减少；缩减

2) 删节；缩短

3) 砍到

Expenses ought to be cut down in every way. 应该在一切方面减少开支。
You’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好把这篇文章压到两千字左右。
Cut down a tree with an axe. 用斧子把树砍倒。
21. cut away 切除，剪去

They cut away all the dead branches from the tree. 他们把树上的枯枝统统砍掉了。
22. cut in (on sb./ sth.)
1) （车辆或司机）超车抢道

2）打断，插嘴

The lorry overtook me and then cut in on me). 那辆卡车超越我的车后，突然插入我前方的位置。
She kept cutting in on our conversation. 我们谈话时她老是插嘴。
23. cut up 切碎
cut up vegetables 把蔬菜切碎
24. cut off 剪断，切除；中断，切断

She cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. 他从那卷布上剪下一米。
Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。
The village was cut off (from the outside world) by heavy snow for a month. 村庄被大雪封住（而不能与外界联系）达一个月。
25. cut across 走捷径，走近路

I usually cut across the park on my way home. 我在回家途中通常抄近路穿过公园。
26. gain/ put on weight 增加体重
He is putting on weight. 他的体重增加了。

Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
1. on the scene 在现场

Soon after the accident, the police came on the scene. 事发后不久警察就到达了现场。
sth. 准许，允许
doing sth. 允许做某事
sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

2. permit

The teacher doesn’t permit sleeping in class. 老师不允许上课睡觉。
Please permit me to offer you some advice. 请允许我向你提些建议。
3. stare at 盯着看

She stared at me with surprise. 她惊讶地瞪大眼睛看着我。

4. find fault with sb./ sth. 找茬，挑剔

She’s always finding fault (with me). 她总是找（我的）茬。
5. It’s one’s fault that…
“……是某人的责任/过错”
It’s your fault we are late. 我们晚了是你的过错。
spot
sb./ sth.
sb. doing…

6.

I finally spotted my friend in the crowd. 我终于在人群中看见了我的朋友。
He spotted someone coming out of the building. 他看到有人正走出大楼。
7. account for…
1）说明（原因）

2）（数量上）占

He could not account for his absence from school. 他无法说明他旷课的原因。
Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population. 美国黑人约占美国总人口的12%。
8. on account of… 因为；由于

We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们将启程的时间推迟了。
9. take sth. into account 考虑到；顾及
= take account of sth.
seek +
(after/ for) sth.寻找某物
to do sth. 试图/设法做某事
sth. (from sb.)（向某人）请求

When judging his performance, don’t take his age into account. 评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。

10.

They want to seek for/ after happiness together. 他们想一起追求幸福。
They are seeking to bring the conflict to an end. 他们试图结束冲突。
You must seek permission from the manager. 你需请求经理批准。
11. be out of patience with… 对……忍不住了

I will be out of patience with you. 我对你要失去耐心了。
12. with patience 耐心地

He is doing his business with patience. 他耐心地做着自己的事。
13. be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心，容忍某人
You must be patient with my mother — she is going rather deaf. 你对我母亲得有耐心——她耳朵越来越背了。

14. be at fault 有错的；有责任
My memory was at fault. 我记错了。
15. bring up
1）培养/养育某人

2）把吃的东西吐出来 = throw up

3）提出某事

He was brought up by his uncle. 他是由叔叔养大的。
He ate too much and brought up all the food on the way. 他吃得太多，在路上全吐出来了。
These are the matters that you can bring up at the meeting. 这些事你可以在会议上提出来。
16. bring about 引起，导致

The earthquake brought about great damage to the building. 地震导致了这栋建筑物的极大破坏。
17. make/ have a bet (on sth.) (with sb.)
（与某人）（就某事）打赌
They are making / having a bet on FIFA World player. 他们正在赌谁会当选世界足球先生。
18. I bet 我敢说，我确信
= I’m sure
I bet he won’t come. 我敢说他不会来。
19. by accident 偶然地，意外地
= by chance
I found it by accident. 我很意外地发现了它。
20. on the contrary 与此相反，正相反

It doesn’t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it’s rather beautiful. 我觉得它并不丑，恰恰相反，我觉得它挺美的。
21. I wonder if you… “不知你是否……”
（表示委婉的请求，用于较正式的场合）

I wonder if you would like to come to my birthday party. 不知你是否愿意来参加我的生日聚会。
22. mind doing sth. 介意做某事

I don’t mind sharing a room with him. 我不介意与他合住一个房间。
mind
one
one’s
doing sth.

23.

“介意某人做某事”

I don’t mind him (或his) coming. 我不反对他来。

24. be doing… when…
“正在做……这时……”
be about to do… when…
“正要做……这时……”

We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们在开会的时候，有人突然闯入。
We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain. 我们快动身离开的时候，天突然下起雨来。
25. a good/ large amount of + 不可数n.
（作主语时，谓语动词用单数）
good/ large amounts of + 不可数n.
（作主语时，谓语动词用复数）
A good amount of damage was done in a very short time. 短时间内就造成了严重损害。
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 那座桥耗资巨大。
26. in rags 穿得很破烂

The detective dressed himself in rags.那个侦探把自己打扮得衣衫褴褛。
27. take a chance 冒险，碰运气

28. as for 至于，关于，就……而言
= as to
He is taking a chance by driving his car so fast. 他冒险把车开得这么快。
As for Tom, he did quite well. 至于汤姆，他做得不错。
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
1. be fundamental to… 对……是基本的，必需的
This is fundamental to a true understanding of the book. 这对真正理解这本书十分重要。
2. in sb’s presence 当着某人的面，有某人在场

She asked them not to discuss the matter in her presence. 她要求他们不要当着她的面讨论这个问题。
3. be harmful to… 对……有害的
= do harm to…
The air here is harmful to our health. 这里的空气对我们有害。
4. There is no harm in doing sth. 不妨做某事
= It does no harm to do sth.

He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him. 他可能帮不了忙，但是求他一下倒也无妨。
5. exist on… 靠……生存
= live on…
They exist on very little food. 他们靠极少的食物生存。
6. exist in… 存在于……中

Several people believe the Devil exists in the world. 少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。
7. in a puzzle 不知如何是好，很迷惑

I am in a puzzle about what he said. 我对他说的话迷惑不解。
8. in time
1）迟早；最后 = sooner or later; eventually

2）及时；不迟 = not late

You’ll learn how to do it in time. 你早晚能学会做这件事的。
Will I be in time for the train? 我赶得上那趟火车吗？
9. give birth to… 生出，产出

She gave birth to a second child in January. 一月份的时候她生了第二个孩子
The Chinese nation has given birth to many national heroes and revolutionary leaders. 中华民族养育了很多民族英雄和革命领袖。
10. in one’s turn 轮到某人也（做某事），也
They, in their turn, made a proposal. 他们接着也提了一个建议。
11. by turns 轮流，交替

The two brothers looked after their sick mother by turns. 兄弟俩轮流照看他们生病的母亲。
12. in turn 依次

Each man in turn stood up and spoke. 每个人依次站起来发言。
13. It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事

It’s your turn to wash the dishes. 今天轮到你洗盘子了。
14. prevent sb./ sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
= stop sb./ sth. (from) doing sth.
= keep sb./ sth. From doing sth.
The heavy rain prevented us going on, but we didn’t lose heart. 大雨阻止我们前进，但是我们不灰心失望。

15. escape from… 从……逃出

Who helped him escape from the prison？是谁帮他逃出监狱的？
16. block out
1）挡住（光线或声音）

2）忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）

Black clouds blocked out the sun. 乌云遮住了太阳。
Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life. 多年来她努力想把生命中的那一段经历从记忆中抹去。
17. block off （用障碍物）隔开，封锁

Police blocked off the street after the explosion. 在发生爆炸之后，警方用路障封锁了那条路。
18. block up 塞住，封住（孔，洞）

My nose is blocked up because of a heavy cold. 因患重感冒，我的鼻子堵了。
19. crash (sth.) into sth. （把某物）撞到某物上
He crashed his car into a wall. 他的汽车撞到了墙上。
20. pull in
1）（火车等）进站

2）吸引（观众、支持这等）

The train pulled in right on time. 这列火车正点到站。
The new show is certainly pulling in the crowds. 新的表演一定很吸引人。

21. pull out
1）拔出，取出（+of…）
2）（火车等）驶离（车站）

He pulled out a gun. 他掏出一支枪
I arrived as the last train was pulling out. 我到达时，末班列车刚刚开出。
22. pull down 拆毁

The cinema she used to visit had been pulled down. 她常去的那家电影院已经拆除了。
23. pull up （使车辆）停下

The driver pulled up at the traffic lights. 司机在红绿灯前把车停住。
24. pull through 恢复知觉或康复

She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through. 她病得很厉害，看来不大可能康复了。
25. the mass of 大多数的（人）

The mass of workers do not want this strike. 大多数工人不愿举行这次罢工。
26. be a mass of sth. 充满；布满

The garden was a mass of colour. 花园里的景色五彩缤纷。
His face was a mass of bruises after the fight. 他打完架后脸上青一块紫一块的。
27. in the mass 总体上；总的来说

She says she doesn’t like children in the mass. 她说从总体上讲她不喜欢孩子
28. cheer up 感到振奋；（使）高兴起来

The fans cheered up when they saw their favorite star. 看见自己喜欢的明星，“粉丝”们兴奋起来了。
Tom bought his girlfriend a large diamond ring to cheer her up. 为了哄女友高兴，汤姆给她买了一棵大钻戒。
29. cheer sb. on 为某人加油；鼓励

The crowd cheered the runners on as they started the last lap. 赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为运动员加油鼓劲。
30. now that… 既然……
= since…
Now that everyone is here, let’s discuss the problem. 既然大家都到了，让我们开会吧。
31. get the hang of (doing) sth. （口语）掌握（做）某事的窍门、要点

Have you got the hang of driving a car? 你掌握开车的窍门的了吗？
I don’t quite get the hang of his speech. 我不十分了解他讲话的要点。
32. break out （火灾、战争等）爆发

World War II broke out in 1939. 第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。
33. come about 发生
（是不及物动词短语，无被动语态）
How did it come about that you got lost? 你怎么会迷路了呢？
34. watch out (for…) 当心，提防

You’ll be cheated if you don’t watch out. 如果你不当心，就会上当受骗。
Watch out for cars when you cross the road. 过马路时要当心车辆。
35. 倍数的表达方法：
1）A is + 倍数 + as + adj./ adv. + as B
“A 是B的……倍”

2）A is + 倍数 + 比较级 + than B
“A比B……倍”
3）A is + 倍数 + the size (height, length, width等) + of B
“A 是B的……倍”

The population of China is about six times as large as that of the United States. 中国的人口大约是美国的6倍。
The je