英语词汇积累.doc

1. budge
1.budge budges budging budged
If someone will not budge on a matter, or if nothing budges them, they refuse to change their mind or to come to an agreement.
Both sides say they will not budge.
The Americans are adamant that they will not budge on this point.
No amount of prodding will budge him.
V-ERG: with brd-neg

2.budge budges budging budged
If someone or something will not budge, they will not move. If you cannot budge them, you cannot make them move.
Her mother refused to budge from London.
The window refused to budge.
I got a grip on the boat and pulled but I couldn't budge it.
V-ERG: with brd-neg

2. concussion (脑震荡)
concussion concussions
If you suffer concussion after a blow to your head, you lose consciousness or feel sick or confused.
Nicky was rushed to hospital with concussion.
She fell off a horse and suffered a concussion.
N-VAR

concussed
If someone is concussed, they lose consciousness or feel sick or confused because they have been hit hard on the head.
My left arm is badly bruised and I was slightly concussed.
He was badly winded and concussed.
ADJ-GRADED: usu v-link ADJ

con·cuss v. : to affect with or as if with concussion
A middle-aged woman concussed by a blow on the head.

3. gouge
1.gouge gouges gouging gouged
If you gouge something, you make a hole or a long cut in it, usually with a pointed object.
He gouged her cheek with a screwdriver.
...quarries which have gouged great holes in the hills.
VB

+ gouge gouges
Also a noun.
...a muddy gouge in the ground.
N-COUNT

2.gouge gouges
A gouge is a tool which is used for cutting and shaping wood.
N-COUNT

3.gouge gouges gouging gouged
If you say that a business gouges its customers, you mean that it forces them to pay an unfairly high price for its goods or services. (mainly AM, INFORMAL)
Banks and credit-card companies have been accused of gouging their customers.
VB disapproval

=>gouging
The airline industry has charged the oil companies with price gouging.
N-UNCOUNT

4. fledgling
1.fledgling fledglings
A fledgling is a young bird that has its feathers and is learning to fly.
N-COUNT

2.fledgling
You use fledgling to describe a person, organization, or system that is new or without experience.
...the sound practical advice he gave to fledgling writers.
...Russia's fledgling democracy.
ADJ: ADJ n

5. wither
1.wither withers withering withered
If someone or something withers, they become very weak.
When he went into retirement, he visibly withered.
The question now is whether the railways will flourish or wither in the hands of the private sector.
VB

+ wither away withers away; withering away; withered away
Wither away means the same as wither.
To see my body literally wither away before my eyes was exasperating.
PHR-V

2.wither withers withering withered
If a flower or plant withers, it dries up and dies.
The flowers in Isabel's room had withered.
Farmers in the Midwest have watched their crops wither because of drought conditions.
VB

=>withered
...a mound of withered leaves...
His fridge was bare apart from three very withered tomatoes.
ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n

3.wither withers
The highest part of a horse's back, behind its neck, is referred to as its withers.
N-PLURAL

6. tab
1.tab tabs
A tab is a small piece of cloth or paper that is attached to something, usually with information about that thing written on it.
A stupid medical clerk had slipped the wrong tab on his X-ray while reaching for a mug of tea.
...a small red tab sewn on to the left-hand side of the back right pocket.
N-COUNT
= tag, label
2.tab tabs
A tab is the total cost of goods or services that you have to pay, or the bill or check for those goods or services. (mainly AM)
At least one estimate puts the total tab at $7 million.
'I'll get my purse out of the bedroom.'n'No sweat, Mrs. Day. We can put it on your tab.'
N-COUNT
= bill
3.tab tabs
A tab is a metal strip that you pull off the top of a can of drink in order to open it.
N-COUNT

4.tab tabs
A tab is tablet of a drug that is sold illegally. (INFORMAL)
One tab of Ecstasy costs at least s15.
N-COUNT

5.tab
If someone keeps tabs on you, they make sure that they always know where you are and what you are doing, often in order to control you. (INFORMAL)
It was obvious Hill had come over to keep tabs on Johnson and make sure he didn't do anything drastic.
PHR: V inflects: PHR n

6.tab
If you pick up the tab, you pay a bill on behalf of a group of people or provide the money that is needed for something. (INFORMAL)
Pollard picked up the tab for dinner that night.
Today any employee with back or shoulder pain can go straight to Mr Jay and the company will pick up the tab.
PHR: V inflects

7. equilibrium
1.equilibrium equilibria
Equilibrium is a balance between several different influences or aspects of a situation. (FORMAL)
Stocks seesawed ever lower until prices found some new level of equilibrium.
For the economy to be in equilibrium, income must equal expenditure.
N-VAR

2.equilibrium
Someone's equilibrium is their normal calm state of mind.
I paused in the hall to take three deep breaths to restore my equilibrium.
He had recovered his equilibrium and even his good humour, somehow.
N-UNCOUNT: oft poss N

8. lure
1.lure lures luring lured
To lure someone means to trick them into a particular place or to trick them into doing something that they should not do.
He lured her to his home and shot her with his father's gun.
They did not realize that they were being lured into a trap.
The company aims to lure smokers back to cigarettes.
VB
= trick
2.lure lures
A lure is an object which is used to attract animals so that they can be caught.
N-COUNT

3.lure lures
A lure is an attractive quality that something has, or something that you find attractive.
The excitement of hunting big game in Africa has been a lure to Europeans for 200 years.
The lure of rural life is proving as strong as ever.
N-COUNT: usu sing

9. vie
vie vies vying vied
If one person or thing is vying with another for something, the people or things are competing for it. (FORMAL)
California is vying with other states to capture a piece of the growing communications market.
Four rescue plans are vying to save the zoo.
In hospitals, business plans vie with patients for doctors' attention.
The two are vying for the support of New York voters.
V-RECIP
= compete, struggle

10. continuum (连续统一体; 闭联集)
1.continuum continua or continuums
A continuum is a set of things on a scale, which have a particular characteristic to different degrees. (FORMAL)
These various complaints are part of a continuum of ill-health.
It is at one end of the cost continuum.
N-COUNT: usu sing

2.continuum continua or continuums
A continuum is a continuous series of closely connected events. (FORMAL)
The medical professional bodies reply that development from fertilisation onwards is a continuum.
N-COUNT: usu sing

11. falter
1.falter falters faltering faltered
If something falters, it loses power or strength in an uneven way, or no longer makes much progress.
Normal life is at a standstill, and the economy is faltering.
The car was out of sight around a bend in moments, but the engine did not falter or slow down.
A faltering economy and a recent wave of labour unrest have affected the new party's popularity.
VB

2.falter falters faltering faltered
If you falter, you lose your confidence and stop doing something or start making mistakes.
I have not faltered in my quest for a new future
As he neared the house his steps faltered.
VB

3.falter falters faltering faltered
If your voice falters when you are speaking, you hesitate or pause, because you are unsure about what you are saying or are upset.
Her voice faltered and she had to stop a moment to control it.
VB

12. volatile
1.volatile
A situation that is volatile is likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly.
There have been riots before and the situation is volatile.
The international oil markets have been highly volatile since the early 1970s.
Armed soldiers guard the streets in this volatile atmosphere.
ADJ-GRADED
= unstable
=>volatility
He is keen to see a general reduction in arms sales given the volatility of the region.
...current stock market volatility.
N-UNCOUNT
= instability
2.volatile
If someone is volatile, their mood often changes quickly.
He accompanied the volatile actress to Hollywood the following year.
He has a volatile temper.
ADJ-GRADED

3.volatile
A volatile liquid or substance is one that will quickly change into a gas. (TECHNICAL)
It's thought that the blast occurred when volatile chemicals exploded.
ADJ-GRADED

13. aggregate
1.aggregate
An aggregate amount or score is made up of several smaller amounts or scores added together.
The rate of growth of GNP will depend upon the rate of growth of aggregate demand.
England have beaten the Welsh three times in succession with an aggregate score of 83-12.
ADJ: ADJ n

+ aggregate aggregates
Also a noun.
The highest aggregate came in the third round where Leeds and Middlesbrough drew 4-4.
N-COUNT: usu sing

2.aggregate aggregates
An aggregate is a number of people or things that are being considered as a single thing. (FORMAL)
...society viewed as an aggregate of individuals.
N-COUNT

3.aggregate aggregates aggregating aggregated
If amounts or things are aggregated, they are added together and considered as a single amount or thing. (FORMAL)
Different economies, with different currencies, should not be aggregated to produce uniform policies..
We should never aggregate votes to predict results under another system.
VB

=>aggregation
A bigger objection is that aggregation of the results invites distortion.
N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n

4.aggregate
If a number of different things or amounts are considered in aggregate, or in the aggregate, they are considered as a single thing or amount. (FORMAL)
Expenses are deductible only to the extent that in aggregate they exceed 7 percent of gross income.
PHR
= in total
5.aggregate
If one team beats another on aggregate, it wins because it has a higher total score than the other team after a series of games. (BRIT)
United won 5-3 on aggregate.
PHR: PHR after v

14. nominal
1.nominal (名义上的)
You use nominal to indicate that someone or something is supposed to have a particular identity or status, but in reality does not have it.
As he was still not allowed to run a company, his wife became its nominal head.
I was brought up a nominal Christian.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
= in name only
=>nominally
The Sultan was still nominally the Chief of Staff.
...South Africa's nominally independent homeland of Transkei...
Nominally she is the king's prisoner.
ADV: ADV with cl/group, ADV before v
= technically
2.nominal
A nominal price or sum of money is very small in comparison with the real cost or value of the thing that is being bought or sold.
I am prepared to sell my shares at a nominal price.
All the ferries carry bicycles free or for a nominal charge.
ADJ: ADJ n
= token
3.nominal
In economics, the nominal value, rate, or level of something is the one expressed in terms of current prices or figures, without taking into account general changes in prices that take place over time.
Inflation would be lower and so nominal rates would be rather more attractive in real terms.
In 1990 personal incomes grew a nominal 6.8 per cent.
ADJ: ADJ n
* real

15. parity
1.parity
If there is parity between two things, they are equal. (FORMAL)
Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.
Italy wanted naval parity with France.
N-UNCOUNT
= equality
2.parity parities
If there is parity between the units of currency of two countries, the exchange rate is such that the units are equal to each other. (TECHNICAL)
The government was ready to let the pound sink to parity with the dollar if necessary.
N-VAR

16. peg
1.peg pegs
A peg is a small hook or knob that is attached to a wall or door and is used for hanging things on.
His work jacket hung on the peg in the kitchen.
N-COUNT

2.peg pegs
A peg is a small device which you use to fasten clothes to a washing line. (mainly BRIT; in AM usually use clothespin)
N-COUNT
= clothes peg
3.peg pegs
A peg is a small piece of wood or metal that is used for fastening something to something else.
He builds furniture using wooden pegs instead of nails.
...the noise of the hammer striking the steel pegs.

N-COUNT

4.peg pegs pegging pegged
If you peg something somewhere or peg it down, you fix it there with pegs.
...trying to peg a double sheet on a washing line on a blustery day...
Peg down netting over the top to keep out leaves.
...a tent pegged to the ground nearby for the kids.
VB

5.peg pegs pegging pegged
If a price or amount of something is pegged at a particular level, it is fixed at that level.
They'll have to set the rate at which the pound is pegged to the deutschmark.
UK trading profits were pegged at s40 million.
The Bank wants to peg rates at 9%.
...a pegged European currency.
VB

See also level-pegging.
6.peg
If you say that someone should be brought down a peg or be taken down a peg, you mean that they should be made to realize that they are not so important or wonderful as they think they are.
We thought it was time they were brought down a peg or two.
We'd have liked to see her taken down a peg, but not this way.
PHR: V inflects

7.peg
Off-the-peg clothes are made in large numbers and sent to shops, not made specially for a particular person. (BRIT; in AM use off-the-rack)
...an off-the-peg two-piece suit...
Instead of dining in top restaurants and wearing expensive suits, he likes to eat hamburgers and buys clothes off the peg.
PHR: PHR n, PHR after v
* made-to-measure
8.peg
If you describe someone as a square peg in a round hole, you mean that they are in a situation or doing something that does not suit them at all.
Taylor is clearly the wrong man for the jobma square peg in a round hole.
PHR: v-link PHR
= misfit

17. eat into
1.eat into eats into; eating into; ate into; eaten into
If something eats into your time or your resources, it uses them, when they should be used for other things.
Responsibilities at home and work eat into his time.
Wages were rising faster than productivity and this was eating into profits.
PHR-V

2.eat into eats into; eating into; ate into; eaten into
If a substance such as acid or rust eats into something, it destroys or damages its su