高中英语45个介词的基本用法.doc

——45个基本介词的用法
1、about
【原始含义】
a-b-out “A在B外面”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）在…到处，在…各处 here and there
eg: We wandered about the town for an hour or so.
He looked about the room.
（2）在…附近 next to a place
eg. She lives about the office.
（3）关于 in connection with
eg: a book about English study
I don’t know what you are talking about.

[adv]
（1）大约 close to
eg: We left there about 10 o’clock.
It costs about 500 dollars.
（2）到处，各处
eg: The children were rushing about in the garden.
（3）在附近
eg : There is no food about.

【常见搭配】

作介词时的搭配:

一.动词+(about+名词)
（1）arrange (about sth) 安排关于某事
（2）argue (about sth) 讨论某事
（3）ask (about sth) 询问关于某事
（4）boast (about sb/sth) 吹嘘...
（5）care (about sb/sth) 关心…,对…感兴趣
（6）chat (about sth) 谈论某事
（7）complain (about sb/sth) 抱怨…
（8）dream (about sb/sth) 梦见某人/某物
（9）go (about sth) 着手做...；从事...
（10）hear (about sth) 听说...
（11）know (about sth) 了解...
（12）learn (about sth) 得知某事
（13）put (about sth) 散布（谣言等）
（14）quarrel (about sth) 为...争吵
（15）see (about sth) 负责处理...
（16）talk (about sth) 谈论...
（17）think (about sth) 考虑..
（18）warn sb (about sth) 告诫某人关于某事
（19）wonder (about sb/sth) 对.. 好奇
（20）worry (about sb/sth) 对...担心

二、名词+(about+名词)
（1）concern (about sb/sth) 对…的关心/关怀
（2）curiosity (about sb/sth) 对…的好奇
（3）doubt (about sb/sth) 对…的怀疑
（4）ethusiasm (about sth) 对…的热情
（5）information (about sb/sth) 关于…的信息
（6）remark (about sth) 对…的评论
（7）opinion (about sth) 对…的意见
（8）view (about sb/sth) 对...的观点

三、be+adj+(about+名词)
（1）be angry (about sth) 为…而生气
（2）be anxious (about sth) 为…忧虑
（3）be careful (about sth) 当心…
（4）be cautious (about sth) 谨防...；对...持谨慎态度
（5）be certain (about sth) 确信关于某事
（6）be curious (about sth) 对…感到好奇
（7）be disappointed (about sth) 对…感到失望
（8）be excited (about sth) 对…感到兴奋
（9）be glad/happy (about sth) 对…感到高兴
（10）be hopeful (about sth) 对…抱有希望
（11）be crazy/mad/wild (about sth)
对…痴狂；酷爱某事
（12） be nervous (about sth)
为…感到不安/因...感到紧张
（13）be optimistic/positive (about sth)
对...是积极乐观的
（14）be particular (about sb/sth) 对... 讲究，挑剔
（15）be sad (about sth) 为…而难过
（16）be serious (about sth) 对…认真
（17）be sorry (about sth) 对...抱歉

作副词时的搭配:

名词+动词+about
（1）sth come about 某事发生
（2）sth get about 某事（尤指消息等）传开
（3）sb turn about 某人转身
（4）sb wander about 某人徘徊，游荡
（5）sb walk about 某人走来走去
2、above
【原始含义】
a-b-over “A在B上方”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）在…上方 at or to a higher place than sth/sb
eg: The sun rose above the horizon.
（2）数目大于…/重量超过…/价格（能力、地位）高于…
more than sth.; greater in number, level or age than sb./sth.
eg: There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.
（3） 重要性或质量超过、胜过
of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth
eg. I rate her above most other players of her age.
（4）声音超过… louder or clearer than another sound
eg: I couldn’t hear her above the noise of the traffic.
（5）不至于，不屑于做某事
too good or too honest to do sth
eg. She is above suspicion.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+(above+名词)
（1）live ( above one’s income) 入不敷出地生活
（2）put A (above B) 把A看得比B更重要
（3）rise (above sth) 克服...,不受....的影响
（4）talk (above one’s head) 高深莫测地谈论

二、be+(above+名词)
（1）be (above oneself )
兴高采烈= be in one’s high spirit
（2）be (above one’s head)
难以理解/超出某人理解能力

3、across
【原始含义】
a-grass “一片草坪”，across指在平面上经过，就像人走过一片草坪那样。
【引申含义】prep.
（1）穿过from one side to the other side
eg: She walked across the road.
（2）在...对面 on the other side of sth.
eg: The bar is just across the street.
（3）交叉 cross
eg: He sat with his arms across his chest.
（4）在...各处，遍及... everywhere
eg. The opinion is common across the university.

【常见搭配】
动词+(across+名词)
（1）A come (across B) A偶遇B
（2）A cut (across B) A走B捷径；A打断B
（3）A go (across B) A穿过B
（4）A put (across B) A 解释清楚B；A把B送到对岸
（5）A run (across B) A横穿B；A偶然碰到B
4、after
【原始含义】
“A在B之后（强调顺序）”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）在…之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序）
later than sth; following sth in time
eg: After dinner, they went out for a walk.
（1） 在…后面，仅次于（按重要性）next to the following
eg. Your name comes after mine in the list.
（2） 与…对照对比 in contrast to sth
eg. It was cool after the heat outside.
（3） 照着…的样子 following the example of sb/sth
eg: Read the sentence after me, please.
[adv]
后来、以后 later in time, afterwords
eg:Soon after, she came back to her hometown.
The prince and princess lived happily ever after.

【常见搭配】
作介词时的搭配
一、 名词+动词+(after+名词)
（1）A chase (after B) A追赶/追求B
（2）A go (after B) A追逐B.
（3）A look (after B) A照顾B.
（4）A model (after B) A 以B为榜样、原型；A效仿B
（5）A name (after B) A用B作名字.
（6）A run (after B) A追求/追赶/追逐B.
（7）A search (after B) A研究B.
（8）A see (after B) A照顾B
（9）A seek (after B) A寻找B.
（10）A take (after B) A与B相像.

二、（after+名词）
（1）(after a while) 过了一会，不久
（2）(after all) 毕竟；终究
（3）(after one’s own heart) 正合...的心意；
5、against
【原始含义】
a-g-a“相对”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）碰着、靠着 touching, close to or hitting sb/sth
eg: She was leaning against a tree.
（2）反对 opposing or disagreeing with sb./sth
eg: We should fight against crimes.
（3）预防 in order to prevent sth from happening
eg: Save money against a rainy day. 未雨绸缪
（4）违反（违反法律、制度）
eg: It is against the law to hunt tigers.
（5）不利于 not to the advantage or favor of sb./sth
eg: What he said is against him.
（6）映衬 with sth in the background as a contrast
Eg. The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky.
（7）和…相比 in contrast to sth
eg. You must weigh the benefits against the cost.
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(against+名词)
（1） act (against sth) 违反...
（2） argue (against sth) 为...而争辩/据理反对
（3） compete (against sb) 与某人比赛/竞争/对抗
（4） decide (against sth/doing sth)
考虑后不做某事/声明反对某事
（5） declare (against sb/sth) 表态反对...
（6） fight (against sth) 反对…；与...做斗争
（7） go (against sth) 违反…
（8） inform (against sb) 告发、检举某人
（9） lean (against sth) 靠着某物/斜靠某物
（10）offend (against sth) 违犯…
（11）press (against sth) 压在…上
（12）protect (against sth)   保护免受…的伤害
（13）prepare (against sth) 防备…
（14）strike (against sth) 罢工抗议...
（15）struggle (against sb/sth) 与...搏斗/反抗
（16）turn (against sth) 背叛…
（17）vote (against sth) 投票反对…
（18）warn sb (against sth)       提醒某人提防某事

二、be+adj+(against+名词)
（1）be prejudiced (against sb/sth) 对... 持有偏见
（2）be proof (against sth) 可防止…的
（3）be set (against sth) 坚决反对...
6、around
【原始含义】
a+round“A在一个圆里面（在一定范围内）”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）在…周围,围绕 surrounding sb/sth
eg: There are many bars around the town.
（2）在附近，到处 in or to many places
eg: I showed him around our campus.
[adv]
（1）大约approximately
eg: There are around 1000 people watching the game.
（2）在周围
eg : How can you make the wheel go around
（3）在附近、到处
eg: I ran around to find him.

【常见搭配】
作介词时
一、动词+(around+名词)
（1）center (around sth) 以...为中心,集中于...
（2）look (around sth) 环顾...；游览...；
（3）wrap (around sth) 缠绕住．．．；环绕...；
二、around +名词
（1）(around the corner) ...靠近、临近、快来了；
（2）(around the clock) 日夜不停地；夜以继日地

作副词时
名词+动词+around
（1） sb gaze around
某人向四周看，环视
（2）sth get around
某事（尤指消息、谣言等）走动、流传
（3） sb/sth turn around
某人或某物转身

7、at
【原始含义】
“在场所，时间上的一点”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）小地点,或小时间点
used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happens
eg: Usually, he is (at his office) (in the morning).
She went to school (at 8 o’clock) (in the morning).

（2）在几岁时 the age (at which sb does sth)
eg: She was married (at 23).
（3）向，朝某人或某物 in the direction towards sb/sth
eg: Don’t point at me.
knock at the door, shoot at the tiger, aim at the enemy
（4）从相隔…远的地方 the distance away from sth
eg: Can you read that poster (at fifty miles)?
You’d better keep him (at a distance).
（5） 处于某种状态 the situation sb/sth is in
eg: Mr. Smith is (at lunch).
The country is (at war).
Bill was (at his best) in college.
(at one’s best: 某人的辉煌时期)
（6） 在某方面 in terms of…
eg: I am not good (at football).
（7） 表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因
to show the cause of sth
eg: He showed no sign of pleasure (at seeing her).
I was delighted (at the result)+.
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(at+名词)
（1）aim (at sth) 以…为目标；瞄准…针对…；
（2）arrive (at sth) 到达某地或某种程度
（3）blush (at sth) 对...感到脸红；
（4）come (at sb/sth) 攻击某人；发现某事
（5）fire (at sth) 向...开火
（6）gaze (at sb/sth) 凝视, 注视...
（7）get (at sth ) 到达, 接近...；着手...；暗指...；意知...;
（8）glance (at sb/sth) 一瞥，扫视...
（9）glare (at sb/sth) 对...怒目而视
（10）grab/grasp (at sb/sth) 抓住...
（11）knock (at sth) 敲…
（12）laugh (at sb) 嘲笑某人
（13）look (at sb/sth) 看…
（14）point (at sb/sth) 指向/ 瞄准 / 针对…
（15）run (at sb/sth) 向某人冲去； 达到某种水平
（16）shoot (at sth) 朝…射击
（17）shout (at sb) 朝某人喊叫

（18）smile (at sb) 向某人微笑
（19）target (at sb/sth) 瞄准…，以…为目标
（20）wonder (at sth) 对…好奇/对…感到吃惊
（21）yell (at sb) 对某人大喊大叫
二、(at+名词)
（1）(at the age) (of some number) 在几岁
（2）(at an altitude) (of some number) 在某个高度
（3）(at the cost/expense)(of sth) 以...为代价
（4）(at the end) (of sth) 在...的结尾
（5）(at the request) (of sb) 应某人的请求
（6）(at the risk) (of sth/doing sth) 冒着....的风险
（7）(at the sight)(of sb/sth) 一看见....
（8）(at a speed)(of some number) 以...的速度
（9）(at the thought)(of sb/sth) 一想到...
（10）(at birth) 出生时
（11）(at bottom) 其实，实际上
（12）(at one’s command) 听候．．．的差遣
（13）(at the corner) 在拐角处
（14）(at dawn/daybreak) 在黎明, 在拂晓
（15）(at a discount) 减价、折扣
（16）(at first) 最初，开始时
（17）(at hand) 在手边，即将发生
（18）(at home) 在家/国内
（19）(at large) 自由，逍遥法外
（20）(at length) 详细地
（21）(at last) 最后，终于
（22）(at least) 至少，起码
（23）(at leisure) 有空，闲暇时
（24）(at the moment) 现在，眼下...
（25）(at any price) 不惜任何代价，无论如何
（26）(at one time) 过去，曾经，一度
（27）(at the same time) 同时
（28）(at work)　　　 在工作
三、be+adj+(at+名词)
（1）be angry (at sb/sth) 对...生气
（2）be competent (at sth) 在...方面有能力
（3）be delighted (at sth) 对...感到非常高兴
（4）be disappointed (at sb/sth) 对...感到失望
（5）be dissatisfied (at sb/sth) 对...不满意
（6）be expert (at sth/doing sth) 专长，擅长于，精通
（7）be skilled (at sth/doing sth) 在...方面有技能，熟练
（8）be gifted (at sth/doing sth) 在...有天赋
（9）be good (at sth/doing sth) 擅长...
（10）be hopeless (at sth/doing sth)
对...感到绝望；对...一筹莫展
（11）be mad (at sb/sth) 对..愤怒
（12）be surprised (at sb/sth) 对...感到吃惊
（13）be terrfied (at sth/doing sth) 被... 惊吓
（14）be weak (at sth/doing sth) 在...方面欠缺，差
8、before
【原始含义】
be+fore“在…之前“（时间、空间、顺序）”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）时间上 earlier in time
eg: Please come back (before 10:00pm).
（2）空间上earlier in position
eg: Don’t put the cart (before the horse).
（3）顺序上earlier in order or arrangement
eg: Health should come (before wealth).
（4） 当（某人）面 in the presence of sb
eg : She charged him of murder (before the jury).

【常见搭配】：
一、动词+(before+名词)
（1）A come (before B) A在B之上，比B更重要
（2）complain (before sb) 在某人面前控诉
（3）go (before sb) 出现在某人面前
（4）put/set A (before B) 把A看的比B重要
（5）stand (before sb/sth) 站立在…前面
二、（before +名词）
（1）(before day) 破晓之前
（2）(before long) 不久以后
（3）(before one's eyes) 当着某人的面
（4）(before time) 提前
（5）(before the wind) 顺风
（6）(before the world) 在众人面前

9、behind
【原始含义】
be + hide “在…之后”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）空间上，在…后面 at the back of sb/sth
eg: A dog is running (behind us).
A dog is running (after us).
（2） 是产生…的原因
responsible for stating or developing sth
eg: There must be someone (behind it).
What’s (behind that happy smile)?
（3）时间上，在之后 sth is in the past
eg: New York is 12 hours (behind Beijing) (in time).
(4）能力上，在之后 making less progress than sb./sth
eg: He’s (behind the rest of others) (in reading).
（5）支持，赞成 giving approval of sth
eg : My mother is always (behind me) (whatever decision I make).
[adv]
在后面，在远处
eg: She rode (along the street) (with her dog) (running behind).

作介词时：
一、动词+(behind+名词)
（1）fall/ lag (behind sb/sth) 落在…后面
（2）go (behind sth) 进一步斟酌…
They will go behind the decision.
二、（behind +名词）
（1）(behind bars) 在狱中
（2）(behind sb’s back) 在背后
（3）(behind the schedule/time) 晚点、推迟
（4）(behind the times) 过时、落伍

作副词时：

（1）sb stay/ remain behind
某人（在他人走后）逗留，留下
（2）sb wait behind 某人（在别人走后）留下
（3）leave sth/sb behind忘带，留下某物；超越某人
10、beside
【原始含义】
be+side “在…边上”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）在...旁边 next to…; by the side of…
eg: a town (beside the sea)
She sat (beside the teacher).
（2）与...相比 compared with
eg: My work is so poor (beside yours).

【常见搭配】
beside+名词
（1）beside oneself) 高兴的不得了
（2）(beside the point) 离题，不中肯；与…无关
11、besides
【原始含义】
beside+s“除…外，还有…”in addition to sb/sth [prep]
eg: There were two other students (in the classroom) (besides Tom).

【常见搭配】
besides+名词/动名词
eg: We have a lot (in common) (besides music).
(Besides working) (as a doctor), he also writes a lot of stories.
12、between
【原始含义】
be-two-in“在两者之间”
【引申含义】 prep.
（1）空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间
in the middle of two things in terms of space, time, order, class etc.
eg: (Between two strange buildings) stands a tree.
His age is (between sixty and seventy).
（2）表示两者之间的某种关系
to show a connection or relationship
eg: He has to decide (between life and death).
There is a great difference (between the two articles).
You should learn between lines（字里行间）.
（3）合用、共享
shared by two or more people or things
eg: This is a secret (between you and me). （仅在我们俩之间）.
We drank a bottle of wine (between us).

【常见搭配】
一、动词+(between+名词)
（1）draw a clear dividing line ( between sth) 明显区分…
（2）make a difference (between sb/sth) 区别对待…
（3）read (between lines) 读出字里行间的言外之意
（4）stand (between sth/sb) 阻碍…

二、名词+(between+名词)
（1）balance (between A and B)
A 和B的均衡
We should always consider the balance (between cost and benefit).
（2）connection (between sth/sb) 某人或某物之间的联系

13、beyond
【原始含义】
be+yond “（在彼处）“在…之外”

【引申含义】：prep.
（1） 在…较远的一边
on the further side of sth
eg: The village is beyond the mountain.
（2） 时间上晚于…
later than a particular time
eg: It won’t go on (beyond midnight).
（3） 超出某人的能力范围，非…所及
far too advanced for sb
eg: The bag is (beyond my reach).