FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamille课后练习题答案.doc

Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 课后练习题答案/answer
I. Las Vegas. Las Vegas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las Vegas's economy, Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1.855-1857 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U. S. army In 1867, Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia )
Ⅱ. 　1. He didn' t think his family was in any real danger, His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as in any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane.
　　2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed educational toys and supplies.
　　3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.
　　4. At this Critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity.
　　5.John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane.
　　6.Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone.
　　7.Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm
Ⅲ.1.This piece of narration is organized as follows. .introduction, development, climax, and conclusion. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place, and background of the conflict-man versus hurricanes. These paragraphs also introduce the characters in the story.
　　2. The writer focuses chiefly on action but he also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story.
　　3. John Koshak, Jr. , is the protagonist in the story.
　　4. Man and hurricanes make up the conflict.
　　5. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane.
　　6. The writer gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing a series of actions in the order of their occurrence.
　　7. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27.
　　8. I would have ended the story at the end of Paragraph 27,because the hurricane passed, the main characters survived, and the story could come to a natural end.
　　9. Yes, it is. Because the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.
Ⅳ.1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.
　　2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.
　　3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.
　　4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.
　　5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.
　　6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.
　　7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.
　　8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.
　　9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.
　　10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.
Ⅵ.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.
　　2.sit out: stay until the end of
　　e by;(American English) pay a visit
　　4.blow in：burst open by the storm.
　　5.douse:put out(a light，fire，generator。etc。)quickly by pouring water over it
　　6.kill：(American English)to cause(an engine-etc．)to stop
　　7．swath：the space covered with one cut of a scythe;a long strip 0r track 0f any kind
　　8．bar：a measure in music；the notes between two vertical lines 0n a music sheet
　　9．1ean—to：a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof．the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building
　　1 0．Seabee：a member of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the U．S．Navy，that build harbor facilities，airfields，etc．Seabee stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion．
Ⅶ．1．destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。 demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被毁，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments。意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”。而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建 筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面 意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重 损伤。如说annihilate an enemy force，是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说annihilate one’s opponent in a debate，是指彻底驳倒对手。
　　2。decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：His teeth have begun to decay．(他的牙齿开始老化变坏。) rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples(烂了的苹果)。spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如：Fish spoils quickly in summer。(鱼在夏天极易变质。)molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Old buildings molder away．(老房子渐渐腐烂了。)disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如：rocks disintegrated by frost and rain(被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石)。decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如：Water call be decompose(be decomposed)into hydrogen and oxygen．(水可分解成氧和氧。)该词还可用来替代rot，使语气略显委婉。
Ⅷ.1. television = tele + vision, a combining form "tele-" plus a noun "vision". Further examples, telegram, telephone, telescope, telegraph, telecommunication, telecast, etc.
　　2. northwestward = north + west + ward or northwest + ward. "-ward" is a suffix meaning “in a (specific) direction or course". Further examples :eastward. westward. backward, upward, inward, outward, seaward, home-ward. etc.
　　3. motel = motorist + hotel, a blend word formed by combining parts of other words. Further examples: smog = smoke + fog. smaze = smoke + haze, brunch = breakfast + lunch, moped = motor + pedal, galumph = gallop = triumph, etc.
　　4. bathtub=bath + tub, a compound word formed by combining two nouns. Further examples: bathrobe, bathroom. bedroom, roommate, butterfly, dragonfly, foot ball. housekeeper, etc.
　　5. returnees=return + ees, a verb plus a noun forming suffix "-ee" designating a person in specified condition. Further examples: employee, refugee, retiree, examinee, escapee, nominee, interviewee, divorcee.
IX. 1. "lash" as in ""'Camille lashed northwestward across tile gulf of Mexico". A vivid way to say "strike with great force".
　　2. "pummel" as in "It was certain to pummel Gulfport..."Because the 'word is originally applied to human beings, meaning "beat repeatedly with the fists".
　　3. "whip" as in "Wind and rain now whipped the house". Because it is more vivid than "fall heavily on".
　　4. "kill" as in "the electrical systems had been killed by water". Because it leaves a deeper impression on the readers than "stop" does.
　　5. "inch one' s way" as in "Water inched its way up the steps …” It makes the readers also see clearly that water was rising little by little.
　　6. "bother" as in "no hurricane has ever bothered it". It virtually means "do damage to" here.
　　7. "lap" as in "John watched the water lap at the steps…", meaning "extend beyond some limit" or, in fact, "rise slowly".
　　8. "skim" as in "the hurricane ... lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air", which gives the readers a deep impression of how strong the wind was.
　　9. "seize" as in "It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank 1and dumped it 3ymiles away". It seemed as if the hurricane had a very strong and large hand.
　　10. "crack" and "snap" as in "Telephone poles and 20-inch thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them", providing the readers with a vivid picture of winds blowing violently.
X. Simile:
　　1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire)
　　2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train)
Metaphor :
　　1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea)
　　2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.)
Personification :
　　1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
　　2. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 1/2miles away. (The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.).
Ⅺ.　Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency For examples see the text, paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.
Ⅻ. The topic sentence of paragraph 1 is "John Koshak, Jr. ,knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad. " This idea is developed or supported by facts or reasons showing how John Koshak, Jr. , knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad．The last sentence introduces some other characters in he story and serves as a transition to the next important point in the story—why John KoshakJr．，decided not to abandon his home
ⅩⅢ．　在给出答案之前，首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下。
　　The sentence fragment：片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说，它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号．将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来，那便叫做片断句，练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句，即片断句。
The run—on sentence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句，而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、 结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子，这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句，练习中的第2句即是。The dangling modifier：垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)组成的短语若使用不当，与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系，这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误，只是修辞上的毛病，但仍应避免使用这样的结构，尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。
The illogical or faulty parallelism：误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从句用and 与主句相联。关联连词(both…and，either…or等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。
The shift in point of view：角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中的错句可改正如下：
1.The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu．
2.These snakes are dangerous。However，most snakes are quite harmless．
　　3．Looking out toward the horizon，she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born，a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie．
　　4．We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent．
　　5．Last year，after I had graduated from high school．my father put me to work in his office．
　　6．To appreciate the poem，one must read it aloud．
　　7．1 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday．
　　8．Driving across the state，one saw many beautiful lakes．
　　9．Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful．
　　1O．I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends．
　　11．He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers．
　　12．I am interested in electronics，which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science．
　　13．We carefully swept the room and dusted the furniture and the shelves。
　　14．If one’s mouth is dry，one should eat a lump of sugar or chew gum．
　　15．You must make yourself interesting to the group that listens23 to you and is constantly trying to detect your mistakes
XV.Gale Kills People
　　Four people got killed when a gale swept across several parts of South England and Wales yesterday. A school boy of ten was struck by flying debris and lost his life when the roof of a prefabricated classroom was blown off and the walls caved in. The boy was one of seventy children being led to safety. When the teacher saw the roof beginning to lift, he asked his pupils to follow him to a safe place. Unfortunately, the boy was killed. Another two children were taken to hospital with slight injury.
A woman, aged 81, was killed when a chimney, dislodged by a strong wind, fell through the roof of her home. Another woman, a resident on the first floor of a building, was also killed outright by the falling masonry.
Some residents were taken to hospital and the rest evacuated. A driver met his death near a filling station when his car ran into a tree that had fallen across the road.
迎战卡米尔号飓风 约瑟夫.布兰克
　　小约翰。柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一—妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。
　　为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。
　　约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。“我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，’他对父亲说，“而且距离海边足有250码远。这幢房子是1915年建造的。至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。”
　　老柯夏克67岁．是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。他对儿子的意见表示赞同。“我们是可以严加防卫。度过难关的，”他说?“一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。” 为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。自米水管道可能遭到破坏，他们把浴盆和提俑都盛满水。飓风也可能造成断电，所以他们检查r手提式收音机和手电筒里的电池以及提灯里的燃料油。约翰的父亲将一台小发电机搬到楼下门厅里．接上几个灯泡。并做好把发电机与电冰箱接通的准备。
那天下午，雨一直下个不停．乌云随着越来越猛的暴风从海湾上空席卷而来。全家早早地用r晚餐。邻居中一个丈夫去了越南的妇女跑过来。问她和她的两个孩子是否能搬进柯夏克家躲避风灾：另一个准备向内陆带转移的邻居也跑来问柯夏克家能否替他照看一下他的狗。
　　不到七点钟，天就黑了．，狂风暴雨拍打着屋子。约翰让大儿子和大女儿上楼去取来被褥和枕头给几个小一点的孩子。他想把全家人都集中在同一层楼上。“不要靠近窗户!”他警告说，担心在飓风巾震破的玻璃碎片会飞来伤人。风凶猛地咆哮起来?屋子开始漏雨了……那雨水好像能穿墙透壁，往屋里直灌。一家人都操起拖把、毛巾、盆罐和水桶，展l开了一场排水战。到八点半钟，电没有了。柯夏克老爹便启动了小发电机。
　　飓风的咆哮声压倒了一切。房子摇晃着，起居室的天花板一块块掉下来。楼上一个房问的法兰西式两用门砰地一声被风吹开了。楼下的人还听到楼上其他玻璃窗破碎时发出的劈劈啪啪的响声。积水已经漫到脚踝上了。
　　随后，前门开始从门框上脱落。约翰和查理用肩膀抵住¨，但一股水浪冲击过来。撞开了大门，把两人都掀倒在地板上。发电机泡在水里，电灯熄灭了。查理舔了舔嘴唇，对着约翰大喊道：“这回可真是大难临头了。这水是成的。”海水已经漫到屋子跟前?积水仍不断上涨。
　　“都从后门到汽车上去!”约