初一下学期英语重点知识点归纳总结.doc

Unit 1
◆短语归纳
1. play chess 下国际象棋
2. play the guitar 弹吉他
3. speak English 说英语
4. English club 英语俱乐部
5. talk to 跟…说
6. play the violin 拉小提琴
7. play the piano 弹钢琴
8. play the drums 敲鼓
9. make friends 结交朋友
10. do kung fu 练 (中国) 功夫
11. tell stories 讲故事
12. play games 做游戏
13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末
◆用法集萃
1. play +棋类/球类 下……棋，打……球
2. play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉……乐器
3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好
5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
6. can + 动词原形 能/会做某事
7. a little + 不可数名词 一点儿……
8. join the …club 加入…俱乐部
9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事
◆典句必背
1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.
3. You can join the English club.
4. Sounds good./That sounds good.
5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer.
6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721.
◆话题写作
Dear Sir,
I want to join your organization (组织) to help kids with sports, music and English. My name is Mike. I am 15 years old. I’m a student in No. 1 Middle school. I can play the guitar well. I can sing many songs. I can swim and speak English well, too. I think I can be good with the kids. I also do well in telling stories.
I hope to get your letter soon.
Yours,
Mike
◆语法讲解
1.can+动词原形，它不随主语和数而变化。
(1)含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。
(2)变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No，主语+can't.
(3)含有can的否定句：主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。
(4)含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？
2. may+动词的原形。（may为情态动词）一般疑问句是把may提前，
肯定回答是：Yes，主语 +may。
否定回答是：No，主语mustn't。或please don't。
join+某个组织，俱乐部，party，参军，党派等 “加入”
Join sb. “参加到某人中” join in (doing)sth “加入做......，参加某个活动” Join in=take part in +活动，比赛
3. 说某种语言：speak+语言
4、play+球、棋、牌；play+the+乐器。
5、擅长于（做）什么：be good at +名词/动ing
6、帮助某人做某事：help sb. (to ) do sth. help sb. with sth.
7、我能知道你名字吗？May I know your name?
8、想要做什么：want to do sth 例如：I want to learn about art.
9、What club do you want to join?
I want to join the chess club and the basketball club.
10、What club does Tom want to join? He wants to join the swimming club .
11、He can’t play the violin or the piano. Can you help kids with swimming?
12、 Why do you want to join the English club? Because I want to learn English well.

Unit 2
◆短语归纳
1. what time 几点
2. go to school 去上学
3. get up 起床
4. take a shower 洗淋浴
5. brush teeth 刷牙
6. get to 到达
7. do homework 做家庭作业
8. go to work 去上班
9. go home 回家
10. eat breakfast 吃早饭
11. get dressed 穿上衣服
12. get home 到家
13. either…or… 要么…要么…
14. go to bed 上床睡觉
15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上
16. take a walk 散步
17. lots of=a lot of 许多，大量
18. radio station 广播电台
19. at night 在晚上
20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到
◆用法集萃
1. at + 具体时间点 在几点（几分）
2. eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
3. thirty\half past +基数词 ……点半
4. fifteen\a quarter to +基数词 差一刻到……点
5. take a/an +名词 从事……活动
6. from …to … 从……到……
7. need to do sth 需要做某事
◆典句必背
1. What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty.
2. That’s a funny time for breakfast.
3. When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.
4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
5. At twelve she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch..
6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good.
7. Here are your clothes.
◆话题写作
主题：谈论日常作息习惯
My School Day
I am a student. I usually get up at seven, and I eat breakfast at seven thirty. Then I go to school at eight. School starts at eight thirty. I eat lunch at twelve. I go home at 17:00. I often eat dinner at 19:00 and then play the piano. I do my homework at 20:00. At 22:00, I go to bed.

◆语法讲解
1.what time和when引导的特殊疑问句。
(1)对时间提问用what time，也可以用when。询问钟点时用what time，询问日期、月份、年份时用when。
(2)询问做某事的时间时，两者可以互换。
(3)其他询问时间的句子：
What's the time? =What time is it?现在几点了？
时刻表达法：顺读法和逆读法。
(1)顺读法：“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。
(2)逆读法：借助介词past或to表示，要先说分再说钟点。
A.当分钟不超过30分钟时（包括30分钟），即<或=30，用past表示。其结构为：“分钟+past+整点” 意为“几点过几分”。
B.当超过30分钟时，即>30，用to表示。其结构为：“所差分钟（即60—所过分钟数）+to+下一个整点”，to译成“差”，差几分钟到几点。
C.当分钟为30分钟用half表示，当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。
2. always 总是>usually 通常>often常常>sometime 有时
3. Watch+TV、球赛 “观看，观赏”，特指长时间注视。
See+电影、医生 “看见”，强调看的结果。
Look “看”，强调看的动作，look后接宾语时要用介词at。
Read+书刊、杂志 “阅读”
4. listen to +宾语
5. Go to +地点名词 如：go to school go+地点副词 如：go home
6、Take a shower “淋浴”
7、Eat breakfast 吃早餐

Unit 3
◆短语归纳
1. get to school 到达学校
2. take the subway 乘地铁
3. ride a bike 骑自行车
4. how far 多远
5. from home to school 从家到学校
6. every day 每天
7. take the bus 乘公共汽车
8. by bike 骑自行车
9. bus stop 公共汽车站
10. think of 认为
11. between … and … 在…和…之间
12. one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩
13. play with … 和…玩
14. come true 实现
15. have to 不得不
◆用法集萃
1. take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…
2. How do / does （sb）get to …? …是怎样到…的？
3. How far is it from … to …? 从…到…有多远？
4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间？
6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….
7. Thanks for + n. / Ving 感谢你（做）某事。
◆典句必背
1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike.
2. How far is it from your home to school?
3. How long does it take you to get to school?
4. For many students, it is easy to get to school.
5. There is a very big river between their school and the village.
◆话题写作
主题：上学的交通方式 写作思路：开篇点题：点出自己的出行方式；具体内容：自己选择这种交通方式的原因；结束语: 表明自己的观点。
The Best Way for Me to Go to School
Different students go to school in different ways in our school, but I llike to go to school on foot.First, I live near the school, so my home is not far from my school. And it takes me a few minutes to get there. Second, there is a crossing on my way to school, and sometimes the traffic is very busy. I think it is safer to go to school on foot. Third, I think walking is good for my health. It’s a kind of sport and it makes me study better.
So in my opinion, the best way to go to school is on foot. What about you?
◆语法讲解
（一）how 引导的特殊疑问句
1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分三种情况：
a. take a/an/the+交通工具（单数）
b. by+交通工具（单数）
c. on/in+限定词+交通工具
2. how far 用来提问距离，多远，其答语分为两种：
（1）用长度单位表示：It is five kilometers.
（2）用时间表示：It’s twenty minutes’ walk.
3.how long 用来提问时间，意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。
----How long have you learnt English?
----For 3 years.
how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间， 常用于将来时态时， 常用“in+时间段”来回答。
――How soon will you arrive in Beijing?
----In 3 hours.
二、重点知识详解
1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词，乘……去某地，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。
He takes the train.
take the subway乘地铁
take a walk散步
take a shower洗个澡
take a rest休息一会
take a seat 坐下
take some medicine 吃药
2.by+表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+ a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词，是介词短语作方式状语。
I get to school by bike. = I get to school on my bike.
3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地
表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义:
Take the bus to school = go to school by bus = go to school on a bus
Drive a car to work = go to work by car = go to work in a car
Fly to shanghai = go to shanghai by plane/air = take the/a plane to shanghai = go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.
4.get表示“到达”，后接名词需加to，接地点副词不加to.
reach 给示到达，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词。
5. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事
Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱
Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱
Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth
Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱
6. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A?
答语有两种：
It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)有……米/英里/千米（远）
It ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。
7. have to 后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有“不得不，被迫”之意，有多种时态形式，否定式为don’t have to(needn’t)意为“不必”。
Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式,否定式must’t意为“一定不要，不允许，禁止”反意词为“needn’t”。
8.感谢用语Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks.
回答感谢用语的句子：
That’s ok /all right. 不用谢。
You are welcome 不客气。
It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。
/Don’t mention it。别在意。
It was nothing at all.那没什么。

Unit 4
◆短语归纳
1. on time 准时，按时
2. listen to … 听……
3. in class 在课上
4. be late for 做……迟到
5. have to 不得不
6. be quiet 安静
7. go out 外出
8. do the dishes 清洗餐具
9. make breakfast 做早饭
10. make (one’s) bed 铺床
11. be noisy 吵闹
12. keep one’s hair short 留短发
13. play with sb. 和某人一起玩
14. play the piano 弹钢琴
15. have fun 玩得高兴
16. make rules 制订规则
◆用法集萃
1. Don’t + 动词原形+其他， 不要做某事。
2. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
3. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的……
4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
5. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
6. be strict in sth. 对某事要要求严格
7. leave sth sp. 把某物忘在某地
8. keep + 宾语+形容词 使……保持某种状态
9. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
10. have to do sth. 不得不做某事
◆典句必背
1. Don’t arrive late for class. 上课不要迟到。
2. Can we bring music players to school? 我们可以带音乐播放器到学校吗？
3. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 并且我们总是不得不穿校服。
4. There are too many rules! 有太多的规则！
5. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! 不要把脏盘子留在厨房里！
6. I have to keep my hair short. 我不得不留短发。
◆话题写作
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your last letter. You want to know the rules in our school. Now let me tell you about them.
We can’t arrive late for class. We can’t talk loudly in class. We should keep quiet. When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them. We can’t eat or drink in class, and we can’t listen to music or play games in class.
I think we have too many rules. What about yours? Please write and tell me.
Yours,
Li Ming
◆语法
肯定的祈使句：
(1) 实义动词原形+其他；
(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他；
(3) Let sb do sth.
否定的祈使句：
(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形；

(2) Don’t be+形容词+其他；
(3) Don’t let sb do sth
(4) No+Ving.
2. 不要迟到：Don’t arrive late. = Don’t be late. (arrive = be)
上课/上学不要迟到：Don’t arrive (be) late for class/school.
3. 主语省略（无主语）：Don’t arrive late for class.
主语不省略（有主语）：We can’t arrive ;ate for class.
4. 在学校我们必须穿校服：We have to wear uniforms at school.
句型：不得不/必须做某事：have to do sth
否定：不必做某事：don’t have to do sth
穿校服：单数：wear a uniform 复数：wear uniforms
5. 在我家里有太多的规矩：I have too many rules in my house.
词组：太多…：too many…
6. 我从来没有任何快乐：I never have any fun.
(never译为“从来没有”，表示否定，否定句中表示“任何，一些”，用any)
7. 不要大声说话：Don’t talk loudly.
请大声说：Speak loudly, please.
8. 他擅长于唱歌：He is good at singing.
句型：擅长于做某事：be good at doing sth
9. 表示“地点”的词组：
(1) 在教室里：in the classroom
在课堂上：in class
(2) 在走廊上：in the hallways
在学校里：at school = in school
10. 表示“时间”的词组：
(1) 下课后：after class 放学后：after school
(2) 在上学的白天/晚上：on school days/nights 比较：at night
(3) 到晚上10点钟之前：by 10 o’clock p.m.
11. (1) with 和； 如：He lives in Beijing with my parents. (不能用and)
(2) with 戴着； 如：Do you know the fat man with a hat? (不能用wears)
(3) with 有着； 如：It’s an old house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has)

Unit 5
◆短语归纳
1. kind of 有几分，有点儿
2. be from / come from 来自于
3. South Africa 南非
4. all day 整天
5. for a long time 很长时间
6. get lost 迷路
7. places with food and water 有食物和水的地方
8. cut down 砍倒
9. in (great) danger 处于（极大）危险之中
10. twelve years old 十二岁
11. things made of ivory 由象牙制成的东西
◆用法集萃
1. —Why…? 为什么……？
—Because… 因为……
2. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
3. want to do sth. 想要做某事
4. one of + 名词复数 ……之一
5. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
6. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
7. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
8. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
◆典句必背
1. —Why do you like pandas? 你为什么喜欢熊猫？
—Because they’re kind of interesting. 因为它们有点儿有趣。
2. —Why does John like koalas? 约翰为什么喜欢树袋熊？
—Because they’re very cute. 因为它们非常可爱。
3. —Why don’t you like tigers? 你为什么不喜欢老虎？
—Because they’re really scary. 因为它们真的吓人。
4. —Where are lions from? 狮子来自哪里？
—They’re from South Africa. 它们来自南非。
5. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. 大象能走很长时间并且从不迷路。
6. They can also remember places with food and water. 它们也能记住有食物和水的地方。
7. But elephants are in great danger. 但是，大象处于极大危险之中。
8. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes.
人们砍倒了许多树，因此，大象渐渐失去它们的家园。
9. Today there are only about 3,000 elephants (over 100,000 before)
现在仅有大约3000头大象（之前超过10万头大象）。
10.Isn’t she beautiful? 她难道不美丽吗？

◆话题写作
The Animal I Like
There are many kinds of animals in the world. What animal do I like? Let’s know her.
Many people like her very much. I also like her. She is from China. She is very cute. She doesn’t eat grass and meat at all. She eats bamboo every day. She is so nice. She is black white. She has two big black ears and eyes. And she also has black legs and arms.
What animal is she? She is a panda. I like panda very much. Do you like her? What animal do you like?
◆语法
1. –让我们先去看考拉。-- Let’s see the koalas first. (first翻译为“首先”)
–你为什么最喜欢考拉？-- Why do you like koalas best? (best翻译为“最”)
--因为它们很可爱。-- Because they are very cute.
句型：让某人做某事：let sb do sth
2. –你为什么不喜欢老虎？-- Why don’t you like tigers?
--因为它们有点吓人。-- Because they are kind of scary.
① 在此处，表示“不”，只要在do后加not即可。
② 有点…：kind of+形容词 = a little+形容词
3. 你还喜欢别的什么动物？ What other animals do you like? (后有animals, other不加s)
你喜欢和别的年轻人工作吗？ Do you like to work with other young people?
4. 他是一个8岁的男孩：He is an 8-year-old boy. (后有名词boy, 用连字符，year用原形)
他8岁He is 8 years old. (后无名词boy, 不用连字符，岁数大于1，year变复数)
5. 请保持安静：Please be quiet. = Please keep quiet. (keep译为“保持”，= be)
6. 他每天通常睡和放松20个小时：He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
每天：every day (要分开) 连在一起的everyday翻译为“日常的”，是个形容词。
7. 和某人玩：play with sb (倒翻)
8. 在白天：during the day = in the day 在此处，during = in
9. 在晚上：at night = in the evening 在上学的晚上/白天：on school nights/days
10. 吃草：eat grass
吃叶子：eat leaves (leaf的复数形式)
吃肉：eat meat
相似单词比较：
(1) 草：grass (不可数，无复数)
(2) 玻璃：glass 复数：glasses 眼镜
11. 汉语：因为…，所以… 英语：because…, so… (不能同时出现在一个句子中)
汉语：虽然…，但是… 英语：though…, but… (只能使用其中一个)
13. (1) first num. 第一； 如：Sunday is the first day of a week.
(2) first adv. 首先；首先：at first 如：Let’s see the koalas first.
14. (1) best adv. 最； 如：Why do you like koalas best?
(2) best adj. 最好的； 如：Who do you think is the best teacher in your class?
15. (1) very adv. 非常（放在形容词前）； 如：The koalas are very cute.
(2) very much 非常（放在动词后）； 如：Thank you very much.
16. (1) kind(s) of n. 种类； 如：There are many kinds of anmals in the zoo.
(2) kind of = a little adv. 有点；（无形式变化） 如：He is kind of lazy.
(3) kind adj. 和蔼的，友善的； 如：It’s kind of you to help me with my English.
17.