英语词性变换归纳及练习.doc

一、名词变为形容词的方法
1. 在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。例如：rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky等。
注意：1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如：sun—sunny, fun—funny等。
2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加-y。例如：noise—noisy, ice—icy 等。
2. 一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。例如：care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, beauty—beautiful等。
3. 一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。例如：China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)。
4.在名词后加-ous变为形容词。例如：danger—dangerous等。
5. 在名词后加-ly变为形容词。例如：friend—friendly, love—lovely等。
6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词。例如：care—careless(粗心的)，use—useless(无用的)，hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的)等。
7. 一些以-ence结尾的名词，把ence改为ent变成形容词。例如：difference—different, silence—silent等。
二、动词变为名词的方法
1.词形不变，词性改变。例如：work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。
2. 一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。例如：work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor等。
注意：1)以不发音的e结尾的动词，在词尾加-r。例如：drive—driver, write—writer等。
2)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er。例如：run—runner, win—winner， begin—beginner等。
3. 在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)。例如： meet—meeting, build—building, wait—waiting, wash—washing, swim—swimming, shop—shopping, begin—beginning等。
三、形容词变为副词的方法
一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等。但是，以下几点值得注意：
1. 一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加-ly。例如：happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily 等。
2. 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉e加-y。例如：possible—possibly, terrible—terribly等。
3. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：true—truly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite—politely, wide—widely等。
4. 以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y。例如：usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully, full—fully等。

1. Would you mind making a little less _____? They are having a meeting at the moment. (noisy)

2. The Smiths live on the __________ floor of the highrise. (nine)

3. All the great __________ are respected（尊敬）by the world. (invent)

4. My pet is a ______ cat. She is very lovely. (male)

5. I’ll do my homework more __________ next time. (care)

6. When you study a foreign language, it’s important to make a good _________. (begin)

7. Everyone knows such kind of books is ___________ to children. They shouldn’t be sold at any bookstore. (harm)

8. In the past punishment（惩罚）was decided by the university. The student had no ___________ but to accept it. (choose)

9. Our teacher told us the ___________ story I had ever heard at yesterday’s class meeting. (sad)

10. The __________ Lesson is very difficult but very important. You must learn it by heart.(twelve)

11. They looked very _____ in the idea. (interest)

12. After they got on the bus, they found two _______. (sit)

13. Help __________ to the fish, everyone. (you)

14. What we have had is just part of the truth. We should try to get __________ information about it. (far)

15. A ___________ sight stopped them from going forward. (frighten)

16. He seemed very _________. He got a D in the English test. (happy)

17. Before you start this work, you should try to realize its _________. (important)

18. March 8 is _________ Day. (woman)

19. This book belongs to you. Where is _____? (me)

20. The visitors are ________ students. (main)

21. Do you know about the ___ of the book? (write)

22. Can you show me your ___ of coins? (collect)

23. To my ________, I got full marks for maths last week. (surprised)

24. In this new housing estate there stand a lot of high and magnificent _________. (build)

25. In winter, most of the rivers and lakes are _________. It becomes a world of ice. (freeze)

26. Then he slowly walked _____ the house. (pass)

27. Do you know who is the __________ of the English contest? (win)

28. Peter is very ______. I’m sure he will come to take care of your baby when he’s asked to. (help)

29. The Yangtze River is the _________ longest river in the world. (three)

30. __________ to meet all of you here. (please)

31. Now more and more gardens are being built in our __________. (neighbour)

32. It’s very important for us to learn English __________. (good)

33. Both our teacher and my mother are satisfied with my ___________. (honest)

34. Oliver Twist ate the cake ___________. (hungry)

35. Of all the boys, Li Ming studies ______. (hard)

36. We are all pleased to hear that the _________ went on very well. ( operate)

37. The children in this kindergarten have been trained to take care of ___________ though they are only six years old. (they)

38. Could you tell me who will give us a ___________ on children’s education? (speak)

39. These modern machines work . (automatic)

40. This cartoon film is _________ than the one I saw last Saturday. (fun)

41. Will you please tell me how much the ___________ is? (post)

42. The twin sisters used to be __________ in Hollywood. (act)

43. Actions speak more _____ than words. (loud)

44. I am _______ about my schoolwork because I haven't worked hard this term. (worry)

45. Your pet dog is so __________ that all of us like to play with it. (love)

46. It has been snowing ___ for a whole day. (heavy)

47. We have been told the ______ of the case. (true)

48. Have you made your ________ yet? (decide)

49. People from Italy are called ___________. (Italy)

50. I _________ where he comes from. (wonderful)

51. The weather in April is _________, so you’d better take more clothes with you. (change)

52. Ferries come and go on the river as ___________ as boats. (quick)

53. Listen, everybody, we will meet at the ________ of the cinema at 4 pm. (enter)

54. You cannot eat so much fast food, because it is ___________. (health)

55. It is reported that three __________ have been put into prison. (Canada)

56. Time flies _________ and never returns. (swift)

57. We saw her running _________ the street just now. (cross)

58. Do English people shake hands as often as _______? (Germany)

59. We all know that there’s no _________ thing on the moon. (live)

60. In order to make the trip ____________ for his children, Mr. Green kept the name of the destination (目的地) a secret. (excite)

61. A _________ team from China will arrive in America next week. (medicine)

62. This morning I lost my handbag and this afternoon I fell off my bike and broke my leg. I think it is an __________ day. (luck)

63. Many students are not able to pay their college ________. (expensive)

64. British people eat a large number of . (potato)

65. She seems an __________ girl. (honesty)

66. We tried all sorts of __________, but they were all useless. (medical)

67. The digital (数码) camera is one of the __________ of the modern science. (wonderfully)

68. I wouldn’t do business with such a __________ man. (fool)

69. Carl looks much ________ than before. (health)

70. I was _________ to meet Jane in a foreign country. (surprise)

71. The mother was _________ to the brave man who had saved her son. (thank)

72. I happened to meet a group of __________ on my way home yesterday. (France)

73. The little boy can run a marathon in __________ than three hours. (little)

74. I was told that my class teacher’s daughter would leave __________ school this July. (second)

75. It’s a _________ to have a picnic with all the family members. (please)

76. The lost calculator has been returned to its __________. (own)

77. Be sure to let me know whenever you are in __________. ( dangerous)

78. The completion (完成) of the big bridge made every one of us _________ and happy. (exciting)

79. The __ is not so good as we expected. (perform)

80. What a __________ day it is today! Shall we go to have a picnic in the countryside? (sun)

81. The tall _________ is one of my father’s best friends. (art)

82. Have you decided to take the headmaster’s __________? (advise)

83. Even __________, he lost his job. bad)

84. Please answer the ________ questions. (follow)

85. Many people became after the fire. (home)

86. The of the restaurant is quite good. (serve)

87. _________ speaking, the computer has become an important part of our life. (general)

88. I thought the ___ was quite dull at yesterday’s party. (recite)

89. The ________ of the river is still a secret. (long)

90. No one knew why the baby kept . (cry)

91. Life today is becoming harder and busier, so everyone should have his own way of __________. (relax)

92. In _________ to hard work, we need some good ways to succeed. (add)

93. I am fond of _________ fiction. (scientist)

94. It’s __ of you to make such a decision. (wisdom)

95. Quite a few __________ houses have been built for the tourists around the lake. (wood)

96. The passenger plane landed at last after flying in the storm for about one hour. (safe)

97. My family have been to Beijing __________ to climb the Great Wall. (two)

98. One shouldn’t give up easily if he is determined to __________. (success)

99. Laura’s husband works as a __________ in a bank. (message)

100. The harder you work; the _________ progress you’ll make. (great)

Keys：
1.noise 2.ninth 3.inventors 4.female 5.carefully 6.beginning 7.harmful 8.choice 9.saddest 10.twelfth 11. interested 12.seats 13. yourself 14.further 15.frightening 16.unhappy 17.importance 18.Women’s 19.mine 20.mainly 21.writer 22collection 23.surprise 24.building 25.frozen 26.past 27.winner 28.helpful 29. third 30.Pleased 31.neighborhood 32. well 33.honesty 34.hungrily 35. hardest 36.operation 37.themselves 38.speech 39.automatically 40. funnier 41.poster 42.actresses 43.loudly 44. worried 45.lovely 46.heavily 47.truth 48. decision 49.Italians 50. wonder 51.changeable 52.quickly 53.entrance 54.unhealthy 55.Canadians. 56.swiftly 57.across 58.Germans 59. living 60.exciting 61.medical 62. unlucky 63.expenses 64.potatoes 65.honest 66.medicine 67.wonders 68.foolish 69. healthier 70.surprised 71. thankful 72. Frenchmen 73.less 74. secondary 75.pleasure 76.owner 77.danger 78. excited 79.performance 80. sunny 81.artist 82.advice 83.worse 84.following 85.homeless 86. ser vice 87.Generally speaking 88.recitation 89.length 90 crying 91.relaxation 92.addition 93. science 94.wise 95. wooden 96. safely 97.twice 98. succeed 99. messenger 100.greater