高考英语新题型信息摘录训练.doc

高考阅读新题型---信息摘录（一）
考点特征
1． 中心归纳题，即位于表格标题处的题。
2． 信息概括题，一般位于表格左栏。
3． 信息查询题，直接可以从文中找出答案的题目。
4． 信息压缩及改写题，不能直接看出来，但是可以通过压缩与试题有关的句子得出答案。
5． 功能理解题，主要考察学生对句子，信息在文章中的作用的理解，即该信息与上下文之间的关系（因果，转折，并列，条件，让步等等）。
做题方法
1． 先表后文，学会预测。先读表格，了解表格内容和要求，再根据表格的内容和要求有目的的阅读文章。
2． 了解文章结构，把握细节。
3． 寻找出处，对号入座。找与题目中相同或意思相近的词或句子，快速定位。
4． 同义转换，准确填写。碰到信息压缩或改写题，应该纵观上下文准确用同义的词来压缩。
做题技巧： 注意表达的简洁，概括，对称，时态以及单复数
语篇专练------- 阅读摘录信息
【做题步骤】 ：先表后文-------信息定位-------- 获取信息填空--------复查
I. 先表后文
通览表格，以了解文章的大概内容和布局，可判断哪些空需填入概括词汇
根据表格的对称性，初步判断各空所需填入单词的词性和词形的要求
附：表格模式------- 参考《系统集成》P.67
II. 信息定位
通读全文一遍之后，依次找出各空答案的出处（具体到段落和行）
III. 获取信息填空
直接信息题：能抄就抄 （关键是信息定位要准确）
改写信息题：不能抄就改 （抓大放小；留主弃次；字数范围内信息尽量完整）
信息概括题：不能改就写 （参考《系统集成》P.71 + Introduction，Definition，Concept，Theme， Purpose，Theme，Situation，Solution，Advantage，Disadvantage，Example，Forms，Comparison）
IV. 复查
复查，做到： 没超过三个单词，拼写准确，词形与上下文对称一致
【真题回顾】
2010湖南卷 见《系统集成》P.69
Summary:
直接信息题：__________________________
改写信息题：__________________________
改写方式：
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
信息概括题：___________________________
总结：你认为摘录信息题这三种出题形式中，你的难点是___________________________________
【专项练习】
-------------信息概括题
I. 部分概括词汇回顾：
定义： 功能：
特点： 起源：

对比/比较： 起因：
结论： 评论：
解决办法： 结果：
II. 填空：
1.‘At 23 inches tall and weighing 15 pounds.’
Weight: 15 pounds 74. : 23 inches
2. ‘Face-mail can let your e­mails read by a “person”’
．_______________: Face-mail can let your e­mails read by a “person
3. ‘Why were you unemployed? Were you really able to do that job? Did you ever like it? Were you
financially satisfied? Try to find answers to these questions. ‘
·Finding __34________________ of your unemployment
4. ‘As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they
could protect us from ourselves.’
Ⅰ. Current situations　 Ⅱ.Reason 　Ⅲ. Suggestions
Ⅳ. 19. __________________ ·Governments should be__20__ to protect their people’s future welfare from ourselves.
5. ‘… she is young enough to enjoy their fun and mature enough to guide their behavior ‘
___________________: she is young enough to enjoy their fun and mature enough to guide their behavior
6. ‘Air pollution refers to the introduction of some harmful gases and particulate matter(颗粒物质) in the
Earth’s atmosphere which in turn results in pollution of air…’
________________________ of air pollution
7. ‘It is called androgenetic alopecia (also known as pattern baldness) and results from a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷尔蒙的) factors. ‘
·_______________: a combination of genetic and hormonal(荷尔蒙的) factors.
8. ‘Experts say John Kenneth Galbraith and Jane Jacobs led many to question not only how and where they want to live and work. It also led them to wonder what kind of society they wanted to leave for their children.’
________________________: led many to question not only how and where they want to live and work. It also led them to wonder what kind of society they wanted to leave for their children.
9. ‘Why were you unemployed? Were you really able to do that job? Did you ever like it? Were you financially satisfied? Try to find answers to these questions.
Analyzing your situation: ·Finding __34_______________ of your unemployment
10. ‘He is from China’
_____________________: Chinese
-------------- 信息改写题
关键词法
1. ‘you can listen every day for about 30 minutes.’
Keep listening 72.____________________ every day
2. ‘If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically (自动
地 ),and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect..’
Your speaking and writing will improve automatically and become perfect if you 75.__________________________ .
3. ‘They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy’
◇Advertisements suggesting that smoking is 16. ____
4. ‘…for she is young enough to enjoy their fun and mature enough to guide their behavior’
Characteristics: ______________________________
5. ‘A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and
the driver’s response. Usually，a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond，but
once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds，it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.’
(the device) giving out more regular and louder sounds when response time is __7________　
变换词形法
1. ‘After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘)．’
(the driver) __6________________ by squeezing the steering wheel
2. ‘The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing.
Ⅲ. Present situation：· (the device) still __9_________________
变换词性, 词义法
1. ‘Don’t get extremely discouraged and then land into depression’
Avoiding panic: ·Trying not to feel __________________ for your unemployment
2. ‘Believe in yourself and stay calm.’
·Being ______________________ in your mind
3. ‘Call the people who can help you out or can guide you properly.’
·Turning to those who can help you out and offer ____________________ __
4. ‘Also, socialize with people and make your social life rich.’
·Socializing with people to _______________________
5. ‘As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.’
Conclusion: Governments should be__20______________________ to protect their people’s future welfare from ourselves.
6. ‘Don’t exercise too much before bedtime; instead, do something to relax yourself.’
Take _________　before bedtime.
7. ‘Air pollution refers to the introduction of some harmful gases and particulate matter(颗粒物质) in the
Earth’s atmosphere which in turn results in pollution of air… ‘
the introduction of harmful gases and particulate matter(颗粒物质) in the Earth’s atmosphere which in turn _______________
7. ‘Experts also suggest that the particulate matter the animals inhale over a long period can gather in their tissues and cause damage to their organs in the long run’
the particulate matter inhaled by the animals: gathering in their tissues and ________________
8. ‘Therefore, all of us are supposed to make an effort to reduce air pollution.’
all of us _______________ to reduce air pollution.
同义句转换法
1. ‘The rapid rate at which air pollution is occurring is not even giving the animals a chance to adapt to
the changes in the environment.’
rapid occurrence of air pollution: giving the animals _________ to adapt to the changes in the environment.
2. ‘The National Institute of Health estimates that one in three adults have bits of mild sleeplessness or
insomnia (失眠), while one in ten suffer from chronic (长期的) insomnia.’
Many adults suffer sleeplessness at _________ levels.
3. ‘The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%—40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot­error accidents that are related to fatigue(疲劳)． ‘
Aim: ·To reduce __3_____________________ accidents.
4. ‘For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy.’
Listen to cartoons or some movies specially made for children, 73. __________________ are not difficult to follow.
【篇章练习】
Couch potatoes define people who live in the world of a television, a comfortable couch and a bag of chips or junk food. They sit around in front of the television, sleep and chew junk food, while absorbing anything on TV. They have a boring lifestyle and rarely move out of the couch.
Being a couch potato will not make your body a fat house, but it will also affect your mental health. For example, it can make you suffer from loss of interest, memory loss and low confidence. Namely, being a couch potato is unhealthy. So we should try to get out of it and move on to a healthy lifestyle.
An important way to stop being a couch potato is exercising. Even though you may not find time, some changes in your schedule will help. Hit the gym regularly and find a fit person to inspire you. Make sure you walk a lot whenever possible. Exercise will fill you with enthusiasm for doing just more than being a couch potato.
Spending time with the family is another effective way to stop being a couch potato. When back from school, you can help your family with lunch or dinner. Have food together at the dinning table and don’t eat all by yourself in front of the TV set. Playing games with the family is also a good idea.
In addition, limiting the entertainment is also a practical solution for couch potatoes. Restrict your timing of television to one or two hours every week or even less. Chose the shows you like best and make sure your only watch then. You can also avoid the sue of your remote control. Simply get up from the couch every time you want to change the channel.
This will also keep you fit and you’ll end up watching less TV.

71.__________________________72.________________________ 73.__________________________
74.__________________________75.___________ 75.__________________________
77.__________________________78.________________________ 79.__________________________
80.__________________________
温馨提示：听力部分的信息摘录题也可借鉴相关的方法！
B
We are well aware of the role of modern transportation in our lives. Not too long ago, people endured great hardship in order to make a long journey. Moving heavy goods from one town to another involved hard labor. Today, we enjoy the convenience of various kinds of vehicles including ships, planes, trains, and automobiles, which allow us to go wherever we choose and make our workload much lighter.
But modern transportation, along with convenience has brought some problems. With more drivers on the road, there has been an increase in traffic jams and accidents. The exhaust from automobiles has added to our air pollution, not to mention additional noise caused by trucks and cars on the road.
Like everything else, modern transportation has more than one face. Here in China, we look to our government experts to solve these problems. Scientists are working on developing modern fuel that produces less pollutlon. However, we can all help reduce air pollution from automobiles by only driving when it is necessary and using public transportation when available.

Title: 1.
Convenience
* allowinf us to go wherever we choose
* reducing 2.
3.
* traffic jams and accidents increasinig
* the exhaust 4. air pollution
*5. caused by vehicles

6.
*7. solving the problems
* scientists 8.
* people helping 9. by only driving when necessary and using public transportation when 10.

A
Magic is very interesting. Do you want to learn magic tricks? There are many people who get interested in this form of entertainment. In magic, there are at least 2 people—the magician and the audience.
If you want to be a good magician, then you will have to find ways to improve your carft (技巧) and have a firm control of your audience. The magic tricks (把戏) that you perform have to be interesting enough so that they will enjoy the moment that they will spend watching your perform.
As a perform, you will have to improve your magic tricks. But you should also consider that there are also other people who perform like you do. So you have to set a difference. The best ways to do this would be to perform better, practice harder and to continue improving the magic tricks that you know.
Then you will need more knowledge on the tricks that you can do. You can use the internet to get more tips and also to learn new tricks.there are difficult tricks and simple ones, you can choose which one you would prefer to learn. If there are props(道具) needed, you will have to provide them. Another important thing that you should provide is time. You will have to put additional time in learning this new tricks. You also have to remember that who are also interested in magic, you can be sure that there are some people who can help you learn new tricks.
You can learn this typr of skill as long as you keep on practicing and spending enough time.
Title 1.
Introduction
one interesting form of 2.
* at least 2 people : the magician and the audience
Being 5.
* ways to 3.
* a firm control of your audience
* interesting 4.
Set a difference.
* better performance
* 6.
* skill improvement
7.
* More tips and new tricks * complex tricks and simple ones
* props and 8. * 9. get from others
Conclusion
* learn magic skill by 10. and spending enough time

（一）
It’s every student’s dream to do well in the national college entrance examination and enter a good university. In the eyes of students and parents, a good university should have a high ranking, and the employment rate of its graduates should be high. But beware! The employment rate they tell you might not always be true.
Recently, people created a Chinese phrase “bei jiuye”, which has become popular on the Internet almost overnight across China. The word “bei” has a grammatical use in Chinese: it has a function similar to the passive voice in English. But now people often use it to express their 25 about something. The phrase “bei jiuye” has the literal meaning of “to be hired”, but people understand that it really means “to be hired without one’s knowledge ”or “be hired for a job that may not exist at all”.
Zhao Dongdong, a graduate of a university in Shaanxi province, was surprised to find that he got a job from a comp