高考英语动词短语归纳辨析.doc

高考英语动词短语归纳辨析

一、 break
1. break away(from) 突然离开，放弃； （与……）脱离
eg: The wing of the plane broke away in mid-air and the plane crashed. 机翼在空中脱落，飞机坠落了。
Can’t you break away from old habits? 你不能戒除旧习惯吗？

2. break down vi. 损坏；（汽车）抛锚；失败 vt. 分解（强调物理变化）
eg: Negotiations have broken down. 谈判已经破裂了
The car/ engine broke down. 汽车/引擎坏掉了。
Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。
A better method is to take the waste far out to the sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down. 一个较好的办法是用船把废物运到远海，利用那里的海风和海浪分解这些物质。

3. break in/into 闯入, 打断, 开始工作

eg: His house was broken into in the midnight.半夜有人闯入他家。

4. break off 中断, 折断, 突然停止, 脱落, 暂停, 断绝, 解除
eg: He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话还没说完就中断了。
break off an engagement / conversation 突然解约/ 终止谈话

5. break out （fire, disease, war, violence）突发, 爆发,
相当于不及物动词，不带宾语，也没有被动语态。
Eg: A fire broke out during the night. 晚上发生一场火灾。
6. break up 打碎, 破碎, 分裂, 结束, 衰落, 分解(强调化学变化), 变坏, 驱散
eg: The gathering broke up in disorder. 聚会一哄而散。
The marriage is breaking up. 婚姻濒临破裂。
The police broke up the crowd. 警察驱散人群。
二、 bring
1. bring about 使发生, 致使
eg: Science has brought about many changes in our lives. 科学为我们的生活带来许多变化。
What has brought about the quarrel? 这场争吵是怎么引起的？
2. bring back 拿回来, 使回忆起来, 使恢复
eg: Please bring back the book tomorrow. 请于明天把书拿回来。
Your letter brought back many memories. 你的来信唤起了许多回忆。
Her stay in the mountains brought her back to health. 她在山里暂住使她恢复了健康。
3. bring down 打倒, 击落, 打死, 降低
eg: He brought the bird down with one shot. 他一枪就把鸟打了下来。
The government of that country is trying to bring down the prices for food to please the people. 那国的政府正努力降低食品价格以取悦民众。
4. bring in 生产, 挣得, 介绍引进
eg: He does odd jobs that brings him in 10 to 15 pounds a week. 他打零工每周可赚十到十五镑。
They brought in experienced people to help./ They brought experienced people in to help. 他们请有经验的人来帮忙。
5. bring…into… 使……处于某种状态，使卷入
eg: The two countries were brought into war. 两个国家都被卷入了战争。
6. bring on 引起, 导致, 使发展, 提出
eg: He was out in the rain all day and that brought on a bad cold. 他整天在外面淋雨，因此患了重感冒。
bring out 取出，使显示, 出版, 生产, 鼓励说出
eg: The company began to bring out a new kind of soap.这家公司开始生产一种新肥皂。
Alice is very shy, try to bring her out. 爱丽丝很怕羞，要设法鼓励她说话。
7. bring (…) to light 揭露，暴露； 使了解到
eg: The investigation brought to light many new facts. 调查揭露了许多新情况。

8. bring up 教育, 培养, 提出, (军队等)调上来,呕吐
eg: He was brought up by his aunt. 他是由他姑姑养大的。
These are matters that you can bring up in the committee. 这些问题你可以在委员会里提出来。
He brought up his dinner. 他把晚饭吃的东西都吐了。
三、 call
1. call at +地点/ call on/upon +sb. 访问，走访，拜访；要求
eg: We called at Mr Johnson’s house yesterday. 我们昨天到约翰家拜访。
We were called on by our neighbours before we had been settled in our new home a week. 我们迁入新居还不到一周，邻居都来探望我们了。
They called on the writer to make a speech. 他们要求那位作家讲几句话。

2. call away 叫走, 转移, 排解 （常用于被动语态）
eg: He was called away before I could speak to him. 我还没来得及和他说话，他就被叫走了。
The doctor is often called away at night. 这位大夫经常夜里被请去出诊。
3. call for 要求；需要
eg: Success calls for hard work. 成功需要勤奋。
4. call forth 使产生, 引起, 使起作用 ；振作起，鼓起（勇气、精神等）
eg: His behaviour called forth numerous protests. 他的行为引起许多抗议。
You will have to call forth all your energy. 你必须全力以赴。
5. call in 召集, 召来, 来访；收回（出借的图书、债款、旧币等）
eg: The army was called in to help. 部队应召而来帮忙。
The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults. 制造商收回了一些有危险性缺陷的车。
6. call off 叫走, 放弃, 使转移走, 取消
eg: Please call off your dog. 叫走你的狗。
They had to call off the match because of the heavy rain. 由于大雨，他们不得不取消比赛。
7. call out 出动, 唤起, 大声叫唤，给……下令罢工
eg; Why is calling out? 他为什么在叫喊？
The miners’ leader called out his men.   矿工领袖下令矿工罢工。
8. call up 召唤, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给
eg: I’ll call you up if anything happens. 有事我会打电话给你。
This song called up memories of my childhood. 这首歌勾起了我对童年的回忆。
四、 carry
1. carry away 运走, 使失去自制力
eg: Their houses were carried away by the flood. 他们的房屋被洪水冲走了。
She was carried away by the music and started to sing it herself. 她被那乐曲迷住了，情不自禁也唱了起来。
2. carry off 获得, 赢得
eg: Tom carried off all the school prizes. 汤姆赢得了学校所有的奖
3. carry on (with) 继续开展, 坚持, 举止失常
eg: Let’s carry on (with) our work. 让我们把这项工作继续下去吧。
Did you notice how they were carrying on? 你注意到他们的行为多奇怪了吗？
4. carry out 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行
carry out a promise /plan 实践诺言/实施计划
carry out an experiment 做实验
5. carry through 进行, 贯彻, 使度过（危险、困难等）

eg: Their courage will carry them through. 他们的勇气会使他们度过难关。
Despite powerful opposition, they managed to carry their reforms through. 尽管遇到了强大的阻力，他们还是设法进行了改革。
五、 come
1. come about 产生，发生
eg: How did it come about ? 那事是怎么发生的？
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about. 有时很难说清是怎么吵起来的。

2. come across来到, 偶遇, <口>给人印象深刻 （无被动形式）
eg: A man was walking through a wood when he came across a woodcutter. 一个人正在林子里走着，这时他偶然遇见了一位樵夫。
Your speech came across very well. 你的演说很受欢迎。
3. come along 出现, 发生, 进步（不及物动词词组）
eg: When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 当良机出现时，他会抓住的。
How is your English coming along? 你的英语学得怎么样？
come down 下来, 倒塌, 没落, 病倒, 捐钱, 流传下来, 垂下
eg: The rain came down in bucketfuls. 大雨倾盆。
My rich uncle comes down generously. 我那有钱的叔叔出手很大方。
I love those legends that have come down to us. 我喜爱那些流传下来的传说。
Her hair comes down to her waist. 她的头发下垂到腰部。
4. come into being 形成, 产生　　（无被动形式）
eg: Thus the Great Wall came into being. 长城就这样形成了。
5. come off 离开, 举行, 实现, 成为
eg: The trip came off on schedule.  　旅行按计划得以实现。
It was a clever joke but it didn’t quite come off.那笑话不错，但未达到预期效果。
6. come on 突然产生, 要求, 跟着来, 开始, 出台, 上演，快点,
eg: You go first, I’ll come on later. 你先去，我随后就来。
How’s your garden coming on? 你的花园发展的情形如何？
I can feel a headache coming on. 我觉得快头疼了。
“Mecbeth” is coming on again next month. 《麦可白》下月将再度上演。
7. come out 出来, 长出, 传出, 出版, 被解出, 露出, 真相大白
eg: The stars come out . 星星出来了。
Flowers have come out 花开了。
When the news came out, …. 当消息传出的时候，….
The meaning of the passage came out clearly in his interpretation. 这段文字的意义经他的解释后就明白了。
When will her book come out ? 她的新书什么时候出版？
come over 过来（常和介词to\from 连用），被理解（=come across）；突然感到（~ sb.）
eg: When did you first come over to England? 你第一次来英国是什么时候？
A feeling of faintness came over me, so I had to lie down. 我突然觉得头昏，所以只好躺下了。

8. come around/round 恢复知觉, 回来，过访，绕道而来

eg: When he came round he found himself lying on bed.
9. come to 复苏(=come around ,动副结构), 达到, 继承, 停止，想起,共计（动介）
eg: At last they came to a small village. 最后他们来到一个小村庄。
I can’t remember her name now---it’ll come to me later. 我一时记不起她的名字，过会儿我会想起来的。
What does the bill come to ? 帐单上共有多少钱？

10. come up 走近, 上来, 发芽, 流行, 发生, 被提出，上升, 讨论 , 出现（不及物，无被动）
The seeds haven’t come up. 种子还没发芽。
She came up to ask what it was about. 她走过来问是怎么回事。
The question hasn’t come up yet. 问题尚未被提出或被讨论。

六、 cut
1. cut down 砍倒, 胜过, 削减, 删节
eg: I haven’t given up drinking but I’m cutting down. 我没有戒酒，但是减少了酒量。
He wanted to have his trousers cut down. 他想把裤子改短一点。

2. cut in （on） 插嘴, 插入, 把...插进
eg: I’m sorry to cut in on your conversation. 很抱歉打断你们的谈话。
You nearly caused an accident by cutting in (on me) like that. 你那样超我的车，差点造成事故。

3. cut off 切断, 断绝
eg: His little finger was cut off in an accident at the factory. 他的小手指在工厂的一次事故中被切掉了。
cut off the gas/ electricity supply 切断煤气/电力供应

4. cut through 抄近路走过, 刺穿
eg: Let’s cut through the woods and get ahead of them. 让我们抄近路穿过树林，赶在他们前面。
The workers are cutting through the hill to build a road.工人们在凿山建路。

5. cut up 切碎, 使丧气,
eg: She has bought a machine to cut up vegetables. 她买了一台切菜机。
Alice was really cut up when her friend died. 爱丽丝的朋友去世了，她伤心极了。
七、 get
1. get along/on(with) 生活, 融洽相处, 进展, 有起色
eg: How’s the work getting along/ on? 工作进展如何？
Do you get along well with your classmates? 你和同学们相处得好吗？

2. get away 逃脱, 离开, 把...送走
eg: I caught a really big fish but it got away. 我钓到一条大鱼，可是它逃跑了。

3. get down (从...)下来, 吞下, 写下, 使沮丧
eg: Try to get the medicine down. 设法把药吞下去。
Get down every word she says. 记下她说的每一句话。

4. get down to 开始认真考虑
eg: It’s hard to get down to work after a nice holiday. 度过了愉快的假日后，很难认真投入工作。
I really must get down to writing my report. 我真的要认真写我的报告了。

5. get in 进入, 到达, 收获, 插入, 陷入
eg: The plane get in late. 飞机晚点到达。
The students went to help the farmers get in crops.学生们去帮农民收割庄稼。
 She got in with the criminals. 她和犯罪分子有瓜葛。

6. get off 下来, 脱下, 出发, 开始
eg: I’d better be getting off now. 我现在该动身了。
Please get those things off, sir, and throw them into the fire.先生，请把你身上那些东西脱下来扔进火里。
I’m getting off the train at the next station. 我在下个车站下车。
The plane got off at eight on time. 飞机于八点准时起飞。

7. get out 出去, 离开, 逃脱, 泄露, 摆脱, 弄出来, 说出, 出版
eg: Somehow the secret got out. 总之秘密被泄露了。
One of the tigers has got out (of the zoo). 一只老虎（从动物园）跑出来了。
We hope the get the report out soon. 我们希望很快发表这一报告。
He managed to get out some words. 他费力地说了几句话。

8. get over 爬过, 克服, 熬过, 恢复, 原谅
eg: She finally got over the divorce. 她最终从离婚的创伤中恢复了。
How shall we get over all these difficulties? 我们如何克服所有这些困难？

9. get through 到达, 做完, 通过, 度过, 打通
eg: I left as soon as your message got through to me. 一接到你的信我就离开了。
As soon as I get through (with) my work, I’ll join you. 我一干完活就去找你们。
Tom failed his exam but his sister got through. 汤姆不及格，但他妹妹及格了。
I tried to telephone, but I couldn’t get through. 我给你打电话但是打不通。
10. get up 起床，（风、火等）变得猛烈；筹办；演出；研究；穿起
eg: The wind is getting up. 风势开始增强了。
They planned to get up a party. 他们计划筹办一个聚会。
She has got up in a new costume. 她穿起一件新装。
She got herself up like a girl of eighteen. 她把自己打扮得像个十八岁的女孩。

八、 give
1. give away 送掉, 分发, 放弃, 泄露, 出卖, 让步, 陷下
eg: She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把所有的钱都给了穷人。
She made me promise not to give away while it was hidden.她叫我答应不要泄露它藏在哪里。
He was given away to the police. 他被人向警方告发了。

2. give in 投降, 屈服, 让步, 交上
eg: He has given in to my views. 他已经接受了我的观点。
Please give in your examination papers now. 现在请将你们的试卷交上来。

3. give off 发出(蒸汽、液体、雾等)，长出（枝、杈等）
eg: Water always gives off steam when boiled. 水煮开后就冒出蒸汽。
The cake gave off a terrible smell. 蛋糕散发出难闻的气味。

4. give out 分发, 发出(气味、热等), 发表, 用尽, 精疲力竭
eg: The teacher is giving out the examination papers.老师正在分发试卷。
The radio is giving out a strange signal. 无线电正在发出一种奇特的信号。
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太阳向地球散发出光和热。
Our food supplies began to give out. 我们的食品要吃完了。

5. give up 放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把...送交, <口>对...绝望
eg: The doctors have given him up. 医生说他的病已不能治了。
I have given up smoking.我已经戒烟了。
She gave up a lot of her friends when she got married.她结婚后跟许多朋友断绝了来往。
Shall we let the thief go or give him up to the police? 我们是将窃贼放走呢还是将他交给警察？

6. give way （to） 撤退, 让路, 退让, 垮掉, 倒塌, 屈服, 跌价
eg: Give way to traffic coming in from the right. 让从右面来的车子先走。
Tears gave way to smiles. 破涕为笑。
We mustn’t give way to these unreasonable demands. 我们不能向这些不合理的要求让步。

九、 go
1. go against 反对, 违反, 不利于/z
eg: Don’t go against your father. 不要违背你父亲的意愿。
The war is going against them. 战争对他们不利。

2. go along(with) 前进, 进行, 赞同, 支持
eg: You may have some difficulty first but you’ll find it easier as you go along. 最初你或许有些困难，但过些时你会觉得较为容易。
They were quite happy to go along with our suggestion. 他们很乐意赞成我们的建议。

3. go by (从...旁)走过, 依照, 顺便走访
eg: A car went by. 一辆汽车驶过。
He always goes by the rules. 他总是根据规则办事。

4. go down 下去, 下沉, 坠落, 下降, 平静下来, 被咽下, 被接受, 被记录下来
eg: The value of the dollar has gone down again. 美圆又贬值了。
The pills wouldn’t go down. 这药丸吞不下。
He will go down in history as a great statesman. 他将在历史上成为伟大的政治家。

5. go in for 参加, 追求, 爱好
eg: go in for an examination 参加考试
go in for golf/ stamp-collecting/ growing tulips 爱好高尔夫/集邮/种郁金香

6. go off 离开, 去世, 消失, 睡去, 爆炸, 被发射, 进行, 变质
eg: The gun went off by accident.
Meat and fish go off quickly in hot weather.
She went off into a faint.
He has gone off to Leeds with his master’s money. 他带着主人的钱偷偷逃亡利兹了。
How did the sports meeting go off? 运动会进行情况如何？

7. go over (渡过...)转变, (对...进行)仔细检查, 润色, 复习
eg: He has gone over to the Democrats. 他已投入民主党。
We went over the building. 我们查看了这座大楼。
Go over the lesson again. 把功课再复习一遍。

8. go round 到处走动, 顺便去, 流传, 足够分配
eg: There aren’t enough computers for the whole grade of students to go around. 计算机不够整个年级学生用的。
Is there enough food to go around? 食物够分配吗？
9. go through 经历, 经受, 仔细检查, 用完, 被通过, 参加, 搜查, 履行
eg: These countries have gone through too many wars. 这些国家饱经战火。
Their plans went through. 他们的计划被通过了。
Have you gone through all your money? 你用完了所有的钱了吗？
He went through his pockets and eventually found his keys. 他仔细检查了口袋，终于找到了钥匙。

10. go with 伴随, 与...相配, 和(异性)交朋友
eg: Happiness doesn’t always go with money. 幸福未必总是伴随金钱而来。
This color does not go with that. 这颜色和那颜色不配。
He goes with a different girl every week. 他每星期与不同的女孩交往。

十、 keep
1. keep back 落在后面, 阻止, 隐瞒, 留下
eg: The police tried to keep the crowd back from the injured man. 警察试图挡住人群，不让他们靠近受伤的人。
He can keep nothing back from his friends. 他什么也瞒不住他的朋友。
The boss keeps back $50 a month towards my uniform. 老板每月扣我50美圆服装费。

2. keep down 卧下, 镇压, 控制, 缩减, 保留
eg: They are taking steps to keep down the rabbit population. 他们采取措施控制兔子的繁殖。
We must keep down expenses. 我们必须缩减开支。
I feel ill, doctor, and I can’t keep any food down. 我病了，医生，吃的东西都吐了。

3. keep in with 不断讨好，和……保持友谊
eg: She still keeps in with her former husband. 她仍和前夫保持友谊。

4. keep on 继续, 留用， 穿着...不脱
eg: The rain kept on for several days. 雨一连下了几天。
Don’t lose courage. Keep on trying. 别丧气，继续努力。

5. keep to 遵循， 坚持，不离开
eg: He always keeps to his promises. 她总是说话算数的。
We kept to the roads we knew. 我们不离开我们认识的路。
6． Keep …to oneself 对 …守口如瓶
eg: He kept his conclusions to himself. 他对他的结论守口如瓶。
I’m resigning ---but keep it to yourself. 我要辞职了——但你不要传出去。
7． keep up(with) 不低落, 维持, 继续
eg: If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined.如果这雨继续下，花园就完蛋了。
It is difficult to keep on a conversation with a man who will only say Yes and no. 跟一个只会说“是、不是”的人很难谈下去。

十一、put
1. put away 放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃
eg: The boy put the food away in the cupboard after he finished his dinner那个男孩吃完晚饭后把食物放进橱里。
He put some money away every month. 他每月存一些钱。
He’s had to put away all ideas of becoming a pianist. 他不得不放弃做钢琴演奏家的一切念头。

2. put down 放下, 镇压, 写下
eg: The army put down al opposition. 军队把所有的反抗活动都镇压下去了。
Put it down to my account, please. 请记在我帐上。
Here is my address——put it down before you forget it. 写下来免得忘了。

3. put forward 放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出
eg: put forward a new theory 提出一个新理论
put a friend forward as a candidate 推荐一位朋友为候选人

4. put off 推迟, 拖延, 搪塞, 扔掉, 脱掉, 妨碍
eg: put off going to see a dentist 延期去看牙医
He tried to put me off with vague pro