名词性从句（复习课）.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高三英语总复习语法系列训练,南莫中学高三英语备课组,名词性从句,一、引导名词性从句的连接词,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(,Noun Clauses）。,名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任,主语,、,宾语,、,表语,、,同位语,、,介词宾语,等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,和,同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的,连接词,可分为三类：,连接词：,that,whether,if(,不充当从句的任何成分）,连接代词：,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.,连接副词：,when,where,how,why,不可省略的连词：,1.介词后的连词,2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。,That she was chosen made us very happy.,We heard the news that our team had won.,whether,与,if,均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，,whether,不能被,if,所取代：,1.,whether,引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置）应当用,whether，,不用,if，,如：,Whether it is true remains a problem.,Whether he will come,I am not sure.,2.引导表语从句用,whether，,不用,if，,如：,The question is whether you should accept it.,3.,whether,可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而,if,则不能，如：,Im not interested in whether they,ll,go or not.,It depends on whether we have got enough money.,4.,whether,可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而,if,则不能，如：,I,didn,t know whether to laugh or to cry.,She,hasn,t decided whether to go or not.,5.,引导同位语从句用,whether，,不用,if，,如：,The question whether he,ll,attend the meeting is essential.,大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用,it,充当形式主语。,It is not important who will go.,二、名词性,that-,从句,1）由从属连词,that,引导的从句叫做名词性,that-,从句。,that,只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。,名词性,that-,从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：,主语：,That he is still alive,is sheer luck.,宾语：,John said,that he was leaving for London on Wednesday,.,表语：,The fact is,that he has not been seen recently,.,同位语：,The fact,that he has not been seen recently,disturbs everyone in his office.,形容词宾语：,I am glad,that you are satisfied with your job,.,2）,that-,从句作主语通常用,it,作先行词，而将,that-,从句置于句末，例如：,It is quite clear,that the whole project is doomed to failure,.,Its a pity,that you should have to leave,.,a.It+be+,形容词+,that-,从句,It is necessary that,有必要,It is important that,重要的是,It is obvious that,很明显,b.It+be+-ed,分词+,that-,从句,It is believed that,人们相信,It is known to all that,从所周知,It has been decided that,已决定,c.It+be+,名词+,that-,从句,It is common knowledge that,是常识,It is a surprise that,令人惊奇的是,It is a fact that,事实是,d.It+,不及物动词+,that-,分句,It appears that,似乎,It happens that,碰巧,It occurred to me that,我突然想起,用,it,作形式主语的,that-,从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：,三、名词性,wh,-,从句,1）由,wh,-,词引导的名词从句叫做名词性,wh,-,从句。,wh,-,词包括,who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever,等连接代词和,where,when,how,why,等连接副词。,wh,-,从句的语法功能除了和,that-,从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：,主语：,How the book will sell,depends on its author.,直接宾语：,In ones own home one can do,what one likes,.,间接宾语：,The club will give,whoever wins,a prize.,表语：,My question is,who will take over the president.,宾语补足语：,She will name him,whatever she wants to,.,同位语：,I have no idea,when he will return,.,形容词宾语：,Im not sure,why she refused their invitation.,介词宾语：,That depends on,where we shall go,.,2）,wh,-,从句作主语也常用先行词,it,做形式主语，而将,wh,-,从句置于句末，例如：,It is not yet decided,who will do that job,.,四、,if,whether,引导的名词从句,1）,yes-no,型疑问从句,从属连词,if,whether,引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为,yes-no,型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和,wh,-,从句的功能相同，例如：,主语：,Whether the plan is feasible,remains to be proved.,宾语：,Let us know,whether/if you can finish the article before Friday,.,表语：,The point is,whether we should lend him the money,.,同位语：,They are investigating the question,whether the man is trustworthy,.,形容词宾语：,Shes doubtful,whether we shall be able to come,.,介词宾语：,I worry about,whether he can pass the exams,.,2）选择性疑问从句,选择性疑问从句由关联词,if/whetheror,或,whethe,or not,构成,如：,Please tell me whether/if they are Swedish or Danish.,I dont care whether you like the plan or not.,五、否 定 转 移,1)将,think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。,I dont think I know you.,我想我并不认识你。,I don t believe he will come.,我相信他不回来。,注意,：,若谓语动词为,hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。,I hope you,weren,t ill.,我想你没有生病吧。,2)将,seem,appear,等后的从句的否定转移到前面。,It,doesn,t seem that they know where to go.,It,doesn,t appear that we,ll,have a sunny day tomorrow.,3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。,I dont remember having ever seen such a man.,我记得从未见过这样一个人。(,not,否定动名词短语,having),4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。,The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(,否定状语),1.,It now appears _ they are in need of help.,A.that B.which C.what D.how,2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.,A.which B.what C.that D.how,3.It _ Joe drives badly.,A.thought that B.thinks that,C.is thought that D.is thought that,4.It _ he is late for class.,A.may that B.might that,C.may be that D.might be what,5.,This is _ she was born.,A.where B.which C.that D.what,6.The question is _ we cant go there today.,A.that B.what C.which D.when,7.The question is _ it is worth doing.,A.if B.whether C.which D.what,8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.,A.because B.why C.that D.what,9.,My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields.,A.what B.that C.which D.where,10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.,A.build B.will build C.be built D.will be built,11.My advice is that he _ regular house.,A.keep B.would keep C.keeps D.kept,12._ knows the truth will tell you about it.,A.Who that B.Whoever C.Whom that D.That who,13.,We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.,A.that B.which C.what D.whether,14.We heard the news _ our team had won.,A.which B.that C.what D.where,15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.,A.which B.that C.whether D.if,16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.,A.which B.what C.that D.where,Good-bye!,