2015届高三英语总复习+语法专题讲练课件(考点探究+变式应用)：情态动词和虚拟语气(共82张PPT).ppt

一、情态动词,考点一,can,和,could,的用法,1,表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,How could you do such a silly thing,？你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？,2,表示可能性，意为,“,可能，有时会,”,。,can,和,could,没有时态的差异，只是,could,不太肯定。,Jogging can be harmful to health.,慢跑可能会对健康有害。,3,can,用于否定句，意为,“,不可能,”,。,The story cant be true.,这个故事不可能是真的。,4,cannot.too/enough,表示,“,无论,也不过分,”,；,越,越好,”,。,You cant be too careful while driving.,开车时越小心越好。,考题印证,Hows your new babysitter?,We _ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.,A,should B,might C,mustnt D,couldnt,解析,“,We couldnt ask for a better one.,”,中,couldnt,与,better,连用表示,“,不可能更好,”,。如,I couldnt agree more.,表示,“,我非常同意,”,。故选,D,项。,答案,D,考点二,may,和,might,的用法,may,和,might,表示,“,许可,”,，,“,可能性,”,，,“,祝愿,”,等意义。,1,表示许可。,May I come in?,我可以进来吗？,Might I borrow your computer,？我可以借一下你的电脑吗？,2,表示可能性。,may,和,might,表示可能性时，可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。,He might be studying in the classroom.,他可能正在教室里学习。,3,“,may as well,动词原形,”,意为,“,最好，满可以，倒不如,”,。,You may as well do it at once.,你最好马上就做这件事。,4,may,作,“,可以,”,讲时，其否定式常用,mustnt,表示,“,禁止,”,；,must,作,“,必须,”,讲时，其否定式是,“,neednt”,，表示,“,不必,”,。,May I use your car?,我可以用你的车吗？,No,，,you mustnt.(,委婉的拒绝可用：,Sorry,，,but I am using it now.,或,Youd better not.,等,),不，你不可以。,考题印证,I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?,Dont worry.He _ come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.,A,must not B,need not,C,would not D,might not,解析,句意：,“,我真不喜欢詹姆斯，你为什么邀请他？,不要担心，他有可能不来，他说过他对他的计划不确定。,”,might,“,可能,”,，可能性较小。由句意可知，选,D,项。,答案,D,考点三,must,的用法,1,表示义务，意为,“,必须,”,(,主观意志,),。,在这种用法中,must,表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；,have to,表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，,have to,自身有时态的变化。,注意,：回答以,must,引导的问句时，若是否定回答，不可以用,mustnt,而用,neednt,或是,dont have to,，因为,mustnt,意思是,“,绝不能，一定不要,”,，而没有,“,不必,”,的意思。,2,表示猜测、推测。,must,常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接,have,过去分词。,3,表示禁止,(,用于否定句,),。,Smoking must not be allowed in the office.,严禁在办公室吸烟。,4,表示,“,偏执,”,，,“,固执,”,Must you make so much noise,？你非得弄出这么大声吗？,考题印证,Why dont you wear your jogging shorts,，,Mum?,Well,，,my legs are too skinny,，,if,you_know,.,A,should B,can C,need D,must,解析,考查情态动词。答语表示,“,好吧，如果你真想知道，我的腿太瘦了,”,，此处是,must,的习惯用法，,if you must.,表示,“,不想让你,但也没办法,”,。,答案,D,考点四,shall,的用法,1,用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。,Shall we begin our class,？我们可以开始上课吗？,Shall the driver wait outside,？司机在外边等着可以吗？,2,用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.,我许诺给他一件生日礼物。,考题印证,Can I get out in the daytime?,No.The school rules state that no child _ be allowed out during the day,unless accompanied by an adult.,A,shall B,need,C,will D,can,解析,shall,用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定。,答案,A,考点五,will,和,would,的用法,作情态动词的,will,，,would,与作助动词的,will,，,would,的各种形式相同。,1,表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决定等。,would,用于过去的情况。,Can someone fetch some water,？谁能去取点水来？,I will.,我去。,2,与,you,连用表示请求或要求：用,wont you,强调邀请的语气。,would,比,will,更客气、委婉。,Would you mind opening the window for me,？请你给我打开窗户好吗？,3,will,表示规律性的,“,注定会,”,。,考题印证,These plants _ die if it doesnt rain in another week.,A,would B,will,C,can D,must,解析,will,表示,“,注定会,”,。,答案,B,考点六,need,和,dare,的用法,need,和,dare,既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。,1,用作情态动词,2,用作实义动词,You dont need to do it yourself.,你不必亲自做这件事。,考题印证,Who is late for class again?,_ you ask?Tim,，,of course.,A,Can B,Would,C,Could D,Need,解析,第一个问,“,谁上课又迟到了？,”,根据答语的第二句,“,Tim,，,of course.,”,可知，空白处填,Need,。答句意为,“,还需要问吗？当然是蒂姆了。,”,答案,D,考点七,used to,和,would,1,表示过去重复、习惯性动作时，,used to,可用,would,代替。,He would sit at the door waiting for his son coming back.,他老是坐在门口等儿子回来。,2,used to,强调过去与现在对比，,would,则没这个意思。,考题印证,There _ to be a lot of trees here,，,but now none is left.,A,must B,would,C,used D,was,解析,there used to be.,过去有,。,答案,C,考点八,“,情态动词,have done,”,的用法,1,must have done,此结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为,“,一定，肯定,”,。其否定或疑问形式用,cant,，而不用,mustnt,。,2,should,have done,表示本应该做而实际上没有做，其否定式,“,shouldnt have done”,表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。,3,can(could,),have done,肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做某事，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。,4,may(might,),have done,表示对过去,(,将来,),发生的行为的推测，表示可能干了某事。,5,ought to,have done,表示过去应做某事而实际未做，其否定式是,“,ought not to,不定式完成式,”,，此时,ought to,可与,should,换用。,6,neednt,have done,表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。,考题印证,It _ have been her to leave her child alone.She isnt such a person.,A,couldnt B,mustnt,C,mightnt D,wouldnt,解析,从后面的,She isnt such a person,可知，她不可能把孩子独自留下，故选,couldnt,。,答案,A,二、虚拟语气,考点一虚拟语气用于状语从句中,虚拟语气用于非真实条件句,条件从句,主句例句,与现在事实相反,If,I(we,，,you,，,he,，,she,，,it,，,they),动词过去式,(be,的形式一律用,were),I(we,，,you,，,he,，,she,，,it,，,they),would,/should/,could/might,动词原形,If he were indoors,，,he,wouldnt feel so cold.,与过去事实相反,If,I(we,，,you,，,he,，,she,，,it,，,they)had,过去分词,I(we,，,you,，,he,，,she,，,it,，,they),would,/should/,could/might,have done,If you had taken my advice,，,you wouldnt have failed in the examination.,条件从句,主句,例句,与将来事实相反,A,式：,If,主语一般过去式,B,式：,If,主语,were to do,C,式：,If,主语,should do,I(we,，,you,，,he,，,she,，,it,，,they),would,/should/,could/might,动词原形,A,：,If he were here this evening,，,we would play cards.,B,：,If she were to marry Jack,，,she would be happy.,C,：,If she should know it,，,she would tell me.,考点二虚拟语气用于名词性从句中,1,用于宾语从句中。,(1)wish,后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。,表示对现在情况的虚拟：,wish,主语动词过去式或,were,表示对过去情况的虚拟：,wish,主语,had,过去分词,表示对将来情况的虚拟：,wish,主语,would/could,动词原形,考题印证,Lets play football together tomorrow afternoon.,OK,，,but how I wish I _ it as skillfully as you.,A,played B,have played,C,had played D,will play,解析,wish,后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。根据句意可知此处表示与现在的事实不符的一种愿望，因此从句用一般过去时态。,答案,A,考题印证,Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention _ before class.,A,to underlined B,was underlined,C,to be underlined D,to being underlined,解析,分析句子结构可知，,worth paying attention to,作,the key words,的后置定语；,insist,表示,“,坚持主张,”,时，其宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用,should do,，,should,可以省略，因此该从句谓语为,(should)be underlined,，因此选择,C,项。,答案,C,2,用于主语从句中。,It is desired,/suggested/,proposed,/recommended/,necessary,/important/,strange,/natural/,a pity/essential,that,从句，从句中的谓语动词用,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,可以省略。,考题印证,(2013,厦门质检,)It is recommended by the representatives that traditional cultures_.,A,should preserve B,have been preserved,C,be preserved D,must be preserved,解析,考查虚拟语气。句意：人大代表建议传统文化应该受到保护。,recommend,“,建议,”,引导宾语从句或主语从句,(It is recommended that.),中谓语用,should do,形式，,should,可以省略，故,C,项正确。,答案,C,3,用于表语从句和同位语从句中。,在,suggestion,，,proposal,，,order,，,plan,，,idea,，,request,，,advice,等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,可以省略。,考点三特殊句型中的虚拟语气,1,it is(high/about)time(that),.,句型中的虚拟语气。,在句型,“,it is(high/about)time(that),.,”,后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用,“,should,动词原形,”,，意为,“,该是,的时候了,”,。,考题印证,Its high time that we _ ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.,A,have devoted B,devoted,C,are devoting D,had devoted,解析,句意：是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。在,Its(high/about)time that.,结构中应使用虚拟语气，,that,后的谓语动词可用一般过去式。,答案,B,2,if only,引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气。,在“,if only”,引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“,would/could/might,动词原形”表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。,考题印证,Its too bad that my computer has got a new virus.If only I _ that,programme,!,A,didnt run B,havent run,C,hadnt run D,wouldnt run,解析,考查虚拟语气。,if only,后面的从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，从语意知这里是对过去状况的虚拟，所以谓语动词用过去完成时。,答案,C,3,as if,从句中的虚拟语气。,考题印证,(2012,北京卷,)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.,A,is B,were,C,has been D,had been,解析,as if,条件句用虚拟语气表示与现在的事实相反。句意：,“,不要对待那个花瓶像它是由钢制成似的。,”,答案,B,名师点悟,(1),意义判断法,所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。,考题印证,You_park,here!Its an emergency exit.,A,wouldnt B,neednt,C,couldnt D,mustnt,解析,句意：你不能把车停在这里！这是一个紧急出口。,wouldnt,不会；,neednt,没有必要；,couldnt,不能够；,mustnt,不准，禁止。故选,D,项。,答案,D,(2),句型判断法,有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中，如,may,表示推测时，往往用在肯定或否定句中；,must,表示推测只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特点，选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。,考题印证,May I take this book out of the reading room?,No,，,you_.You,read it here.,A,mightnt B,wont,C,neednt D,mustnt,解析,句意：,我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗？,不可以，你一定不能带出去。你就在这里读。,mustnt,表示强烈的禁止。,答案,D,(3),语气判断法,情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度，所以在解答此类试题时，一定要注意说话者的语气,(,这也是解题的难点,),，这就要求正确理解句子，从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特定的情感需要。,考题印证,Just as we were sitting down to have dinner,，,the,telephone_ring,.,A,must B,could,C,might D,need,解析,考查情态动词。,must,在此表示说话人的愿望或感到不耐烦，意为,“,偏偏,”,。句意：正当我们要坐下来吃饭时，偏偏电话铃响了。,答案,A,(4),人称判断法,有些情态动词在表达某个意义时，要与特定的人称连用，这为我们选择正确答案提供了方向。,考题印证,I havent got the reference book yet,，,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.,Dont,worry.You_have,it by Friday.,A,could B,shall,C,must D,may解析,句意：,我还没有弄到参考书，但是下个月我将参加这门学科的测试。,不要担心，到星期五时你就有了。,could,能够；,shall,在句中表示,“,允诺,”,；,must,必须；,may,也许，可以。,答案,B,解析,句意：眼科医生建议，孩子在六个月大时就要进行第一次眼科检查。在表示建议、命令、愿望等的动词后的宾语从句中，虚拟语气用,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,可省略。根据句中谓语动词,recommend(,建议,),可以判断出后面的宾语从句中应该用,(should)do,sth,.,。,答案,(should)be,2,(2013,福建卷改编,)Do you think George has passed the driving test?,No.If so,he_(drive,)his car to our college yesterday.,解析,句意：,你觉得乔治通过驾照考试了吗？,没有。如果他通过了的话，他昨天就会开车来我们大学了。根据句中的,yesterday,可以判断出句子与过去的事实相反，所以主句用,would have done,结构，表示,“,过去本会,，结果却没有,”,。,答案,would have driven,3,(2014,湖南湘中名校大联考改编,)Marx looks nervous.,So _ you if you had so fierce a competition.,解析,句意：,马克斯看起来很紧张。,如果你参加如此激烈的比赛你也会这样的。,“,so,be,/have/,情态动词,/,助动词主语,”,结构意为,“,某人也如此,”,，此句表达的是对现在情况的虚拟，所以使用,so would you,。,答案,would,4,(2013,辽宁东北育才双语学校三模改编,)Why dont you wear your jogging shorts,，,Mom?,Well,，,my legs are too skinny,，,if you _ know.,解析,句意：,妈妈，你为什么不穿你的慢跑短裤了？,嗯，如果你非要知道的话，我的腿太瘦了。,must,意为,“,非要，偏要，一定要,”,。,答案,must,5,(2013,新疆乌鲁木齐诊断改编,)I just _ believe you are a police officer,，,Kay.I remember in high school,，,you always wanted to be a lawyer.,解析,句意：凯，我简直无法相信你竟然是一名警官，我记得高中时你一直想成为一名律师。,can,用于否定句和疑问句中表,“,惊讶，难以置信,”,。,答案,cant,6,(2013,山西第二次诊断改编,)Excuse me,where is the nearest bank?,Go straight ahead,；,you _ miss it,，,which is a huge building.,解析,句意：,对不起，最近的银行在哪里？,径直往前走，你不会错过的，那是一栋大楼。,cant,意为,“,不可能，不会,”,。,wont,意为,“,将不会,”,。,答案,cant/wont,7,(2013,安徽卷改编,),I_(go,)to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.,解析,句意：昨晚我本来想要去参加我表弟的生日聚会的，但是我没空。句中,last night,提示是对过去事实的虚拟，用,would have done,结构表示,“,过去本想做某事，结果却没有做,”,。,答案,would have gone,8,(2013,湖南卷改编,),He_sleep,although he tried to,when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.,解析,句意：他总算费尽心思，想出了办法，在此之前，他想睡却无法入睡。,couldnt,意为,“,不能,”,。,答案,couldnt,9,(2013,四川卷改编,)Why are your eyes so red?You_ have slept well last night.,Yeah,，,I stayed up late writing a report.,解析,句意：,你的眼睛为什么那么红？你昨晚肯定没睡好觉。,是的，我昨晚熬夜写报告了。,cant/couldnt have done,表示对过去发生的事情的否定推测，意为,“,过去不可能做某事,”,。,答案,cant/couldnt,10,(2013,河北衡水中学二模改编,)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,，,otherwise he _(score)a goal.,解析,句意：他在踢球前犹豫了一下，要不然的话他就进球得分了。这是,otherwise,引起的虚拟语气，由,hesitated,可以看出这件事发生在过去，故此处为对过去的虚拟，谓语动词应该用,would have done,。,答案,would have scored,11,(2013,天津卷改编,)If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before,he_ able to speak it much better now.,解析,句意：他要是以前能多花些时间练习英语口语，现在就能够说得好多了。本句是一个错综时间虚拟句。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，谓语用,had done,，而主句则是对现在,(now),事实的一种假设，所以用,would be,。,答案,would be,12,(2013,北京卷改编,)If,we_(book,)a table earlier,we couldnt be standing here in a queue.,解析,句意：如果我们早点预订个桌位，现在就不用站在这里排队了。此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，谓语动词应该用,had done,的形式。,答案,had booked,13,(2013,辽宁卷改编,)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.,He_(drink,)too much at the party last night.,解析,句意：哈里现在觉得不舒服，他肯定是在昨晚的聚会上喝多了。根据时间状语,last night,可知，本句讲的是过去的事情。,must have done,表示对过去情况的肯定猜测，意为,“,肯定做过,”,。,答案,must have drunk,14,(2013,江西卷改编,)When I was a child,I_(can,)watch TV whenever I wanted to.,解析,句意：我小时候，无论什么时候想看电视都能看。,could,在此表示,“,能够,”,。,答案,could,15,(2013,新课标全国卷,改编,)The,door_(would,)open,，,no matter how hard she pushed.,解析,句意：无论她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。情态动词,would,的主语是物时，可以表示一种倾向，与努力相对。,答案,wouldnt,.,单句改错,1,She told him he ought not do it.,_,解析,ought to do,sth,.,“,应该做某事,”,，否定式为,ought not to do,sth,.,。,答案,not,后加,to,2,Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?,_,解析,此处dare,作情态动词用，后面要接动词原形。,答案,去掉,to,3,You cant return the dictionary now.You can keep it till next week if you like.,_,解析,neednt,“,不必,”,，符合句意。,答案,cant,改为,neednt,4,He mustnt have been to Beijing before because he knows nothing about it.,_,解析,表示对过去情况的否定推测，用,cant/couldnt have done,。,答案,mustnt,改为,cant/couldnt,5,You mustnt do the exercise if you dont want to.,_,解析,neednt,表示,“,没有必要,”,，符合句意。,mustnt,表示禁止。,答案,mustnt,改为,neednt,6,We may not thank you too much for what youve done for us.,_,解析,can not.too,表示,“,无论怎样,都不过分,”,，为固定结构。,答案,may,改为,can,7,I felt very lonely when I,travelled,in,Chengdu,alone.I must have taken my family.,_,解析,根据句意可知应用,should have done,，表示,“,本应该做某事却没做,”,。,must have done,表示对过去情况的肯定推测。,答案,must,改为,should,8,Why can he do it that way?,_,解析,must,在句中表示强烈的语气，意为,“,偏偏，偏要,”,。,答案,can,改为,must,9,A few years ago I might afford to bring my wife to this place for dinner.,_,解析,afford,与,can,，,could,，,be able to,连用，表示,“,能负担得起,”,。,答案,might,改为,could,10,The poor little boy could never able to see or hear again.,_,解析,could,不能与,able to,连用，,could,相当于,was/were able to,。,答案,could,改为,was,(,附,),单项填空,1,(2014,天水一中高三阶段考试,)John wants to see me now,，,but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he _ tomorrow than today.,A,should come B,will come,C,is coming D,came,解析,考查虚拟语气。,Id rather,后面接从句时，从句中的谓语通常要用过去时。,答案,D,2,(2013,陕西卷,)The,children_lost,in the woods,；,otherwise,，,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.,A,must have got B,must get,C,should have got D,should get,解析,句意：孩子们一定在树林里迷路了；否则，他们会按照计划到达湖边的营地了。根据句意可知，孩子们现在还没有到达，此处表示对过去事情的一种肯定推测，故用,“,must have done,”,形式。,答案,A,3,(2013,安徽卷,),It_be,the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.,A,may B,couldnt C,should D,neednt,解析,句意：不可能是词汇导致了你难以完成那道练习，因为你掌握了大量的词汇。根据原因状语从句,because you know a lot of words,可知，主句应该是否定的，,A,和,C,可排除。,neednt,表示,“,不必,”,，不符合题意。此处表示可能性，故选,B,。,答案,B,4,(2013,重庆卷,)What are you doing this Saturday?,Im not sure,but,I_go,to the Rolling Stones concert.,A,must B,would C,should D,might,解析,由答语中的,“,Im not sure,”,可知，答话人对自己的安排还不能确定，因此用,might,，表示,“,可能，或许,”,。,must,表示肯定的推测，意为,“,必须，一定would,表示意愿；,should,表示,“,应该,”,。,答案,D,5,(2013,北京卷,)You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.,Well,I dont know.,It_do,.,A,might B,need C,would D,should,解析,第一个说话人认为不会下雨，因此觉得,“,我,”,没有必要带雨伞。根据答语第一句中的内容可知，,“,我,”,不知道是否会下雨，认为有可能会下雨，表示的是不太肯定的推测，故用,might,。,答案,A,6,(2013,天津卷,)No,one_be,more generous,；,he has a heart of gold.,A,could B,must C,dare D,need,解析,句意：谁也没他慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。,could,“,可能,”,；,must,“,必须,”,；,dare,“,胆敢，敢于,”,；,need,“,需要,”,。根据句意可知应选,A,。,答案,A,7,(2013,宁夏银川一中高三第四次考试,)It was terrible.The,car_break,down just as we were going on our holiday.,A,should B,would C,could D,must,解析,句意：真糟糕，我们正要去度假的时候，车竟然出故障了。此处,should,表示,“,竟然,”,。,答案,A,8,(2013,吉林长春三校高三调研,)Days later,，,I tried to get my sister to tell me what was going on,，,but,she_say,anything.,A,mustnt B,shouldnt,C,wouldnt D,mightnt,解析,句意：几天后，我设法让姐姐告诉我发生了什么，但她什么都不肯说。,mustnt,意为,“,禁止,”,；,shouldnt,意为,“,不应该,”,；,wouldnt,意为,“,不愿意,”,；,mightnt,意为或许不,”,。根据句意可知，应选,C,项。,答案,C,9,(2013,宁德质检,)It is recommended that a new railway _to connect,Ningde,and,Quzhou,in,Zhejiang,Province.,A,will be built B,be built,C,is built D,would be built,解析,recommend,作,“,建议,”,讲时，后面从句中谓语动词用,(,should)do,，本句中,It,为形式主语，,that,从句为真正主语，即,It is recommended that,主语,(,should)do,sth,.,句式，故选,B,。,答案,B,10,(2013,西安市长安区高三质检,)All my classmates are working hard now.If only they_ admitted to better universities.,A,had been B,should be,C,will be D,are to be,解析,由上一句及,if only,可知此句表示对未来的虚拟，因此,B,项为正确选项。句意：我所有的同学都在努力学习，要是他们被较好的大学录取就好了。,答案,B,