(通用版)高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题四 语法填空和短文改错 第三讲 语法专题 八 名词性从句课件.ppt

栏目导引,高频考,点突破,专题针,对训练,课堂达,标训练,专题四语法填空和短文改错,八、名词性从句,专题四语法填空和短文改错,命题分析,名词性从句是高考的必考点，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。语法填空题和短文改错题对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词上，其中连接代词,that,与,what,，,if,与,whether,是考查的重点。解决名词性从句的问题的关键是：一、通过从句的位置，辨别从句的类型；二、分析从句，看看从句中所缺少的句子成分和句意，最终确定选用合适的连接词。,专题四语法填空和短文改错,主 语 从 句,1,主语从句的引导词。,连接词,连接代词,连接副词,that,，,whether,，,if,只起连接作用,，,不在从句中作成分。,what,，,who,，,whom,，,which,，,whichever,，,whatever,，,whoever,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,在从句中作状语。,(2015,高考北京卷,)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.,我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。,(2014,高考陕西卷,)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.,那架延误的班机什么时候会起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。,(2014,高考北京卷,)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.,一些人认为，无论是以前发生过的还是现在正在发生的事情，在将来都会再次发生。,易错警示,(1)that,引导主语从句时一般不省略。,(2),当主语从句位于句首时,，,常用,whether,引导,，,而不用,if,。,2,形式主语。,it,作形式主语的常见的句型：,(1)It,be,形容词necessary/likely/important/certain,等,),that,从句,(2)It,be,名词,(,短语,)(a pity/a shame/no wonder,等,),that,从句,(3)It,be,过去分词,(said/told/reported,等,),that,从句,(4)It,不及物动词,(seem,，,appear,，,happen,，,matter,等,),that,从句,It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.,这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。,It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about,，,although about two thousand patients have taken it.,尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。,It is a shame that we should have lost such an important customer.,真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。,易错警示,当,it,作形式主语,，,主语从句放在句末时,，,用,if,或,whether,引导均可,，,但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接,or not,时,，,只能用,whether,。,即时训练,单句语法填空,1,(2014,高考天津卷改编,)I think _ impresses me about his painting is the,colours,he uses.,解析：句意：我认为他的绘画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知,，,I think,后是宾语从句,，,宾语从句中谓语动词是,is,，,其前是主语从句,，,主语从句中谓语动词,impresses,前又缺主语,，,需用,what,引导。,what,2,(2014,高考全国大纲卷,)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,，,but it was probably around 1565.,解析：句意：确切地说,，马铃薯什么时间被引进到欧洲还拿不准，但是可能是在,1565,年左右。分析结构可知,，,此处缺少主语从句的引导词。根据,but,并列分句中的关键信息,around 1565,可知,，,此处表示,“,时间,”,，,故要用,when,引导主语从句。,when,3,_ China views,USJapan,relationship will have an effect on Chinas military policy.,解析：句意：中国如何看待美国与日本的关系对中国的军事政策有影响。分析结构可知,，,此处缺少主语从句的引导词。根据句意是中国如何看待美日关系,，,故填,how,。,How,1,宾语从句的引导词。,宾 语 从 句,连接词,连接代词,连接副词,that,，,whether,，,if,只起连接作用,，,不在从句中作成分。,what,，,who,，,whom,，,which,，,whichever,，,whatever,，,whoever,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,在从句中作状语。,(2015,高考陕西卷,)Reading her biography,，,I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.,读她的传记，我对多丽丝,莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不,已。,(2014,高考福建卷,)Pick yourself,up.Courage,is doing what youre afraid to do.,振作起来。勇敢就是做你害怕做的事情。,Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for.,选择正确的词典取决于你想拿它做什么。,Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.,专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购,物，就会浪费较少的食物。,易错警示,(1)that,引导宾语从句时,，,常被省去,，,但下列情况下不能省略：,动词后跟有多个,that,引导的宾语从句时,，只有第一个,that,可省略,，,其余的不可省略；,宾语从句前有插入语时；,that,引导的从句位于句首时。,(2),一般情况下介词后只能用,wh,类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后面需要用,that,从句作宾语时,，,必须用,it,作形式宾语。并且在介词后的宾语从句,，,连接词表示,“,是否,”,时,，,只用,whether,，,不用,if,。,(3),在,doubt,引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用,whether/if,，若主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用,that,。,(4),宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。,2,形式宾语。,宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用,it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。,(1),动词,find/feel/think/consider/make,it,宾补,(,形容词或名词,),不定式,/,宾语从句,(2),动词,hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy,it,宾语从句,(3),短语动词,see to/depend on/rely on,it,宾语从句,(4),固定搭配,take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that,宾语从句,You may depend on it that I shall always help you.,你可以相信我一定会随时帮助你。It,s a lovely day,，,isn,t it?,天气很好，对吗？,Yes.I,love it when the weather is like this.,是的，我喜欢像这样的天气。,I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.,我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。,即时训练,单句语法填空,1,(2014,高考山东卷改编,)It is difficult for us to imagine _ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.,解析：句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代世界奴隶的生活是什么样的。本题中,imagine,是及物动词,，其后接的从句是宾语从句，而在宾语从句中，介词,like,后缺宾语,，,故用,what,引导宾语从句。,what,2,Do not let any failures discourage you,，,for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.,解析：句意：不要因失败而泄气,，,因为你永远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近。动词,tell,之后为宾语从句,，宾语从句为感叹句，修饰形容词,close,，,故用,how,。,how,3,Success partially depends on _ you have the,patience to do simple things perfectly.,解析：句意：成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空词引导宾语从句,，,作介词,on,的宾语,，,意为,“,是,否,”,，,故填,whether,。,whether,1,表语从句的引导词。,表 语 从 句,连接词,连接代词,连接副词,that,，,whether,只起连接作用,，,不在从句中作成分。,what,，,who,，,whom,，,which,，,whichever,，,whatever,，,whoever,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语when,，,where,，,how,，,why,在从句中作状语。,(2015,高考福建卷,)This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.,这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。,(2014,高考四川卷,)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,，“,That,s where I was born.”,奶奶指着那家医院说，“那就是我出生的地方。,”,(2014,高考江苏卷,)What a mess!You are always so lazy!,真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！,Im not to blame,，,mum.I,am what you have made me.,妈妈，我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一手造就的。,易错警示,if,不能引导表语从句；,that,引导表语从句时不能省略。,2,as if/as though,意为,“,好像，仿佛,”,，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词,(,如,seem,，,appear,，,look,，,taste,，,sound,，,feel,，,smell,等,),之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。,It seemed as though it had happened yesterday.,那件事好像昨天发生的一样。,It looks as if it is going to rain.,看起来天要下雨了。,3,This/That/It is why,表语从句,(,表结果,),“,这,/,那就是,的原因,”,This/That/It is because,表语从句,(,表原因,),“,这,/,那是因为,”,The reason why.is that,表语从句,“,的原因是,”,From space,，,the earth looks,blue.This,is because about,seventy,one,percent of its surface is covered by water.,从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。,China is developing,fast.That,s why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.,中国在飞速发展，我认为这就是为什么我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国的原因。,即时训练,.,单句语法填空,1,(2014,高考浙江卷改编,),“,Every time you eat a sweet,，,drink green tea.This is _ my mother used to tell me.,解析：句意：,“,每次你吃甜点的时候,，,就喝点绿茶。,”,这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。分析句子结构可知,，,空格后是表语从句,，,此处需要填写的是表语从句的引导词。表语从句中,，,tell,后接双宾语,，,故直接宾语用,what,替代。,what,2,What makes online shopping so popular is _ it shortens the distance between manufacturers and consumers.,解析：句意：使得网上购物如此受欢迎的原因是,，,它能缩短生产厂商和消费者之间的距离。,is,后接表语从句,，,从句中不缺少成分,，,故填,that,。,that,.,单句改错,Lily is often absent from school.,Yes,，,she,is.That,s why she is in poor health.,_,解析：分析句子结构可知,，,That,s,之后应为表语从句。根据句意可知,，,健康状况不好是缺席的原因,，,故填,because,。,why,because,同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：,advice,，,conclusion,，,doubtfact,，,hope,，,idea,，,news,，,promise,，,question,，,suggestion,，,thought,，,truth,，,wish,，,word,等。引导同位语从句的引导词：,that,，,whether,，,how,，,where,，,when,，,why,等。,同 位 语 从 句,Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?,昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？,Yeah,，,but I have no idea why he did it,；,thats one of his favorite universities.,是的，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。,I made a promise to myself that this year,，,my first year in high school,，,would be different.,我给自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。,易错警示,that,引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that,引导定语从句,时,，,that,既起引导词的作用,，,又在从句中充当句子成分；如,果在从句中作宾语,that,还可以省略,，,所修饰的名词指物时可用,which,替换。引导同位语从句时,，,that,在从句中不充当任何,句子成分,，,不能省略。,即时训练,.,单句语法填空,1,The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.,解析：,came around two in the afternoon,把名词,notice,及其同位语从句分隔开来,，,增加了试题的难度。同位语从句意义和结构完整,，,所以用连接词,that,引导。,that,2,(2015,北京重点中学联考改编,)The question occurred to me we should go to get the car,repaired.We,were in the middle of the forest at that time.,解析：句意：我突然想起这个问题,，,我们该到哪里去修车,，,当时我们正在森林的中部。根据后面,“,当时我们在森林的中部,”,这一语境可确定应填,where,引导从句作,the question,的同位语。,where,.,单句改错,1,(2015,江苏南京市一模改编,)We have offered him the position,，,but I don,t have the slightest idea if he will accept,it.,_,解析：句意：我们给他提供了这个职位,，,但是我一点儿都不知道他是否会接受这个职位。,he will accept it,为同位语从句,，,用以说明,idea,的内容。,if,也可表示,“,是否,”,但一般不引导同位语从句。故改为,whether,。,ifwhether,2,There is a popular view why in city strangers are less likely to help an elderly person.,_,解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,，,view,后的句子不缺少成分且句意完整,，,故选,that,，,引导同位语从句,，,作,view,的同位语。,why that,